Wound healing is a complicated process that is affected by physiological and environmental conditions. An antibacterial agent and a physical supporter as wound dressing improve wound healing time and process. In this study, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) containing Mentha longifolia, Mentha pulegium, and Zataria multiflora essential oils with a particle size of 103±5, 195±4, and 130±7 nm were first prepared, and they were then transformed to gels. After that, scaffolds of electrospun polycaprolactone-alginate nanofibers (165±37 nm) were prepared. Chemical properties, surface hydrophilicity, and size and morphology of scaffolds were investigated using ATR-FTIR, contact angel, and SEM analyses. The gels were physically impregnated at two different amounts on the scaffolds, and antibacterial effects at 2, 6, and 24 h of incubation times were determined using the ATCC100 method. Impregnated scaffold with SLNs gel containing Z. multiflora essential oil showed higher antibacterial activity against all standard and clinical bacterial strains at incubation times. The growth of Staphylococcus aureus decreased by more than 90% in all incubation times. Besides, more than 60% reduction in the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed after 24 h incubation time. As high potency and green constituents of the prepared prototype, it could be considered for clinical trials.

Abstract Green based nanoparticles were synthesized to investigate the cytotoxic effects on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs). Nanoparticles were made by mixing using aqueous Allamanda cathartica L. latex (3%) and magnesium oxide (1mM) at 370C on shaker for 24 hours. The developed nanoparticles were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transmission Infra-Red, Zeta potential and X-ray diffraction. in vitro hPBMCs were tested in vitro with different concentrations of synthesized nanoparticles and found maximum concentration at that 100 µg/mL showed about 96% dead cells from trypan blue dye exclusion method. Though controlling the proliferation of cells, the nanoparticles did not exhibit any genotoxicity, indicating that the nanoparticles showed their effect on periphery of the cells, broke them that led to the death of cells. This is the first report of green route development of MgO nanoparticles using the latex of Allamanda cathartica L. and finding their efficacy on hPBMCs. Further analysis is required to confirm their use as therapeutics in leukemia.

When a natural or synthetic material is used to replace a living structure or becomes a part of a biomedical device, it is termed as a biomaterial. The utility of biomaterials has expanded to areas of tissue, blood, biological fluids etc. Replacement and repair of skeletal parts is one of the major areas of application of biomaterials. This review article focuses its attention on the use of biopolymers based nanocarriers for delivering immunomodulatory agents. The role of biopolymers is to modulate, suppress and stimulate innate or adaptive immune system. Based on the data available, nanoparticles can direct the immune system by improving cellular uptake efficiency and modulating the immune system. Nutrients and trace elements such as Se, Mg, etc., can boost the immune system. Plant derived immunomodulators are known and nanosystems find applications as a carrier system for immunomodulatory drugs. This review details the various nanocarriers and the factors affecting the immunomodulation of nanoparticles.

Aim: The use of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) as diagnostic tools for bladder cancer associate to histopathology analysis.Material and Methods: FTIR imagens of normal and bladder cancer tissues in rats o Brucker model V 70 spectrophotometer equipped with the MCT detector (Mercury Cadmium Telluride), under attenuated total reflectance (ATR). Histopathology analysis of rat tissues and comparison of diagnostics in both methods.Results: All the spectroscopic parameters analyzed showing that the progress of cancer treatment were consistent with the histopathological analyses. The ratio of FTIR bands intensity of protein/lipid (I1633/I1743) was highly increased (ratio of 3.33) in the cancer tissues compared with normal one (ratio of 1.22). After treatment with DOX-CIS-rGO nanocarrier a value of protein/lipid ratio was 1.38.Conclusion: All data of the ATR-FTIR imagens will be important tools for the most complex and expensive histopathological analysis. The ATR-FTIR diagnosis will be an important data in the final decision related to progress in the chemotherapeutic treatment. Of course, the fast analysis by ATR-FTIR methodology compared to histopathology could be an important support for monitoring all these studies.

Abstract: The therapeutic effect of silver nanoparticles on leukaemia cancerous cells has been demonstrated in several studies. However, most of these nanoparticles are toxic to normal cells as well as cancerous cells. In the present study, green chemistry has been applied for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Teucrium polium (T.P) extract. The synthesized nanoparticles were spherical with an average diameter of 14.3 ± 9.7 nm and a surface charge of -0.84 mV. Based on the FTIR results, the silver nanoparticles have been coated with T.P extract phytochemicals. The extract was not toxic toward cancerous cells. However, the T.P extract coated silver nanoparticles (T.P@AgNPs) with concentrations ≥ 50 µg/mL could eradicate the NALM-6 cancerous cells in a significant amount. Based on the flow cytometry analysis, the predominant mechanism of cancerous cell death is the apoptosis in NALM-6 cancerous cells; and the T.P@AgNPs had no toxic effect on normal PBMC cells.

Purpose: Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to optimize a formulation of β-1,3-glucan nanoparticles containing doxorubicin (Dox) through a study of the critical parameters affecting the drug's loading efficiency. Methods: Using an ANNs model, we evaluated the effect of four input variables, involved in preparation of the carrier system, including concentrations of succinic anhydride (Sa), NaOH and polyethyleneimine (PEI) as well as ratio of Dox/Carrier, on loading efficiency of Dox as output parameter, when Dox was conjugated to the carrier (Con-Dox-Glu) or in unconjugated form (Un-Dox-Glu).Results: The model demonstrated that increasing Sa and PEI leads to reduced loading efficiency, while the effect of NaOH on loading efficiency does not appear to be important in both Con-Dox-Glu and Un-Dox-Glu delivery system. Ratio of Dox/Carrier showed complex effects on loading efficiency: while a certain value was required to provide maximum loading efficiency in Con-Dox-Glu, a different critical value was associated with obtaining minimum loading efficiency in Un-Dox-Glu.Conclusion: By defining the effects of each parameter on the loading efficiency of Glu-Dox nanoparticles, this study demonstrated the feasibility of using an ANN model to optimize the conditions for achieving maximum loading efficiency in both conjugated and non-conjugated drug delivery system.

Black cumin contains biologically active compounds such as Thymoquinone, which have strong anti-cancer properties. However, most of these agents have poor stability and solubility that limits its use as drugs. In this work, an anti-cancer ethosomal nanostructure containing black cumin extract (BCE) was prepared to release as transdermal-controlled. After synthesis and evaluation the vesicles for size and charge, as well as determining the ratio of in vitro and ex vivo permeability, experiments to assay their cell toxicity and apoptosis were also investigated. It was confirmed the stable shape (containing 5% soy lecithin, 45% ethanol, and 1.5% cholesterol with a zeta potential of -61±2 and polydispersity index of 0.14± 0.012.), spherical morphology (20nm) and the effective release rate (40% after 24h in ex vivo permeability test) of these loaded ethosomal nanocarriers using the HPLC, DLS, FTIR, TGA methods and the in vitro and ex vivo release tests,. MTT bioassay with BCE (96µg/ml compared to 200 µg/ml) and DOX separately and their ethosomal forms showed the higher cellular toxicity of ethosomic forms on MCF-7. Flow cytometry also proved strong apoptosis in the MCF-7 cells treated with ethosomal compared to non-ethosomal forms (~64.7% for BCE (5.90% in late apoptotic stage), and ~21.6% of BCE-Eth (~71.8% in late apoptosis stage). In conclusion, our findings show that this new nanoparticle not only improves the enclosure of plant metabolites and chemotherapeutic agents but also increases the effectiveness of metabolites by increasing their controlled release and so on reduces the side effects of chemotherapy drugs.

Objective(s): The oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion is employed in a diverse range of biomedical applications due to the unique properties. Saffron is the valuable medicinal food product with many health benefits. Sesame oil is an edible vegetable oil with medicinal properties and potential applications. The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate O/W nanoemulsion containing aqueous solution of saffron as hydrophilic medium and sesame oil as lipophilic medium. Methods: In the presence study, the O/W nanoemulsion was prepared by sesame oil in the presence of saffron aqueous solution and poly ethylene glycol (PEG) using span 80 surfactants and homogenizer at room temperature. The sample size was characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The rheological properties of nanoemulsion were determined by measurement of viscosity at room temperature. The antibacterial activity of samples was measured against an important pathogen bacterium, Escherichia coli (E. coli) using inhibition zone diameter. The cytotoxicity of samples was investigated by MTT assay for HEK239 human cell line at three different concentrations for 1 and 5 days of time.Results: Based on the results, the nanoemulsions showed the antibacterial activity with low toxicity. The presence of saffron and PEG increased the size, viscosity and antibacterial activity.Conclusions: The study showed that nanoemulsions based on aqueous solution of saffron and sesame oil can be a good candidate for medicinal applications.

Objective: Acinetobacter baumannii is critical for healthcare-associated infections with significant regional differences in the resistance rate, but its risk factors and infection trends have not been well studied. Carbon nanotubes are substantially cylindrical molecules made entirely of carbon atoms and can use as nanocarriers. Multi-wall carbon nanotubes, through their unique properties, hold great promise in the fight against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. In this research, antimicrobial effects study and the ability to overcome antibiotic resistance evaluation of nanofluid containing functionalized carbon nanotubes on A. baumannii were done. Methods: Multi-wall carbon nanotubes provided from the United States Research and the nanofluid prepared after carbon nanotube functionalization. Microplate, Alamar Blue Cell viability assay, carried out after incubation of A. baumannii affected with the nanofluid (100µg/ml) for 24h. Results: Antimicrobial effect of functionalized carbon nanotubes nanofluid was found on the A. baumannii in a dose-specific concentration manner. Conclusion: This study showed that functionalized carbon nanotubes nanofluid could have antimicrobial effects on A. baumannii by overcoming bacterial antibiotic resistance. Although to get more accurate results, to prevent nosocomial infections, more specific cellular and molecular studies are necessary.