This study explores the changes in the food industry due to the emergence of cloud kitchens. This research paper will investigate whether cloud kitchens offer a more sustainable, accessible, and profitable business model compared to traditional restaurants in emerging markets. This will be determined using a mix of secondary data and a case study, Bento, an emerging cloud kitchen in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Findingsindicate that cloud kitchens enhance Profitability and accessibility, but they lack Sustainability. These results are interpreted using Porter's cost leadership strategy, lean startup theory, and corporate social responsibility frameworks. Overall, cloud kitchens are an example of a business model that aligns with the Saudi Vision 2030 goals.

Technique is a crucial factor in sports performance, particularly in inline speed skating. The main objective of this study is to analyze and compare behavioral patterns in two types of track curves: (i) curves with straight or direct inclination and (ii) curves with parabolic inclination. The study will focus on male skaters at the national and international levels, whose lap times in a flying start do not exceed 17 seconds. To conduct the research, an observation system will be developed, refined with expert input, and validated by experienced trainers. The methodology will include high-resolution video recordings and biomechanical analyses to assess the system's efficiency and practical applicability. Additionally, the developed system will be designed to be both accessible and adaptable, ensuring seamless integration into coaches' daily training routines. Three cameras will be used to capture video footage of the second curve in a 200-meter race. The expected results aim to identify technical differences and similarities between the two types of curves, providing precise and valuable data to optimize technical training. Through this study, we seek to rigorously and systematically establish the differences in skaters' performance across the different tracks curves.

Introduction/Objective: Job satisfaction is an employee's emotional response to work and is an important indicator of the quality of working life. The paper examines the prevalence of influential job satisfaction factors among health workers at three levels of health care. This is the first research on this topic conducted in healthcare institutions in Boka Kotorska and may be an indicator of the quality of business success. Method: A cross- sectional study conducted in Montenegro (December 2021 - July 2022) examined job satisfaction among 192 respondents aged 19-65, permanently employed in five institutions at three levels of healthcare. Job satisfaction and influencing factors of job satisfaction were examined using the Bellingham Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS). Results: By surveying 32.8% of healthcare workers at the primary, 34.9% at the secondary and 32.3% at the tertiary level of healthcare, the identified job satisfaction factors were: recognition and appreciation at work (p=0.0001), tasks to be learned (p=0.020), materials and equipment for work (p=0.010), opportunity for daily best work (p=0.037), encouragement for development at work (p=0.031), trust in management (p=0.036), supervision (p=0.009) and salary (p=0.0001). The representation of these factors is lowest among respondents at the primary level, and highest among respondents at the tertiary level. There was no significant difference in overall job satisfaction, as 51.6% of respondents have an excellent job, 23.4% good, 31% acceptable, 6.8% bad and 2.1% depressing job. Conclusion: Job satisfaction factors are different and are represented differently at the primary, secondary and tertiary levels of health care. Recognition and appreciation, cooperation with the manager and salary are the most influential factors of job satisfaction of health workers at the tertiary level of health care.

The study compares the online and face-to-face Mathematics examination results of students in a particular university in a South African higher Learning Institution. Literature was reviewed to establish what is being said about online as compared to face-to-face examinations. The examination results for Mathematics 1 and 2, both online and face-to-face, at a particular university in South Africa, were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively and compared. The results analysed in Mathematics 2 were for the same students who passed Mathematics 1 and proceeded to Mathematics 2. Both Mathematics 1 and Mathematics 2 had online and face-to-face tests. There was a discrepancy between the online and the faceto-face results. Mathematics 1 had 1994 students enrolled and had a pass rate of 93% out of 1030 who wrote the examination, and a success rate of 48%. Mathematics 2, which had 2283 students enrolled, had a pass rate of 77 % out of 1550 who wrote the examination and a success rate of 53%. For both modules, the online component was far better as compared to the face-to-face component. The results made the university very careful when it comes to online tests or examinations. Only proctored online tests or examinations should be given.

Background: This study explores the integration of digital forensic technologies – including online trial broadcasting – into Kazakhstan’s criminal justice system as a key driver of legality, rights protection, and judicial transparency. Drawing on Kazakhstan’s criminal procedure legislation and recent digital transformation initiatives, the authors examine the procedural framework governing digital evidence and prosecutorial responsibilities in a digital environment. Through comparative analysis with advanced international practices, the study identifies effective models for managing electronic evidence, incorporating artificial intelligence (AI), and conducting online trial broadcasts. The article reviews scholarly literature on digital forensics, AI applications in criminal justice, and the challenges of live-streaming court proceedings. Empirical data from Kazakhstan’s judiciary highlight both achievements and persistent legal gaps, particularly in regulating online broadcasts of high-profile criminal cases. Special attention is given to international approaches that successfully balance transparency, data privacy, and procedural fairness – serving as benchmarks for Kazakhstan’s ongoing reforms. From the analyzed sources, the authors extract key theoretical and practical insights to shape a comprehensive prosecutorial model tailored to Kazakhstan’s digital realities. This model aims to safeguard individual rights and public interests, ensure the admissibility and integrity of digital evidence, enhance prosecutorial decision-making through AI tools, and promote judicial openness via regulated online broadcasting. Strategic recommendations are proposed for legislative reform, technological integration, and capacity-building to strengthen prosecutorial effectiveness in Kazakhstan’s digital judicial transformation. Methods: To achieve the research objectives, the authors employed a multi-methodological approach, including: − Descriptive legal analysis to examine Kazakhstan’s legislative framework on digital and forensic technologies in criminal procedure, with emphasis on prosecutorial roles and the regulation of electronic evidence and online broadcasting. − Comparative legal analysis to identify and assess international best practices in digital evidence management, AI integration, and online trial broadcasting, evaluating their relevance to Kazakhstan’s legal and technological context. − Legal modeling to propose scenarios for integrating advanced forensic tools and AI systems into prosecutorial procedures, aiming to optimize evidence handling, enhance transparency, and uphold legal safeguards. − Empirical case studies of Kazakhstan’s judicial practices involving digital evidence and online broadcasts, revealing legislative gaps, procedural challenges, and technological limitations. This comprehensive methodology supports the development of targeted recommendations for reform and modernization within Kazakhstan’s criminal justice system. Results and Conclusion: the study recommends establishing a national digital evidence management platform incorporating AI and blockchain verification, alongside legal procedures for their use and unified cybersecurity standards. Forecasts suggest these measures could reduce criminal case durations by 20–25%, improve evidence analysis accuracy to 90%, and enhance public trust in the justice system. Adapting global best practices to Kazakhstan’s context provides a strategic foundation for modernizing criminal justice and reinforcing the role of public prosecutors.

The Uralic language family comprises of over 30 daughter languages spoken from the Atlantic Ocean to the Yenisei River in the Northern part of Eurasia. This article summarizes the most recent linguistic, ancient DNA and archaeological results to identify the original homeland of the Proto-Uralic community. Our conclusion is that Proto-Uralic formed in Eastern Transbaikalia, in the upper Amur River Basin between 8300 and 4200 yBP. The article describes the spread of various Uralic subgroups from the Transbaikal area towards their actual locations after 4200 yBP in connection with the 4,2 kya climatic event, connecting specific Y-SNP subgroups and TMRCA coalescence times with linguistic branches. We describe in detail how the Transbaikal homeland is possible from a paleo-linguistic perspective, including the early Uralic contacts with other language families. From a more ancient perspective, the Transbaikal homeland and the earlier arrival of Haplogroup N to the area from present-day Manchuria also provides the right chronology and location of early contacts with the Macro-Altaic linguistic phylum. We believe that our comprehensive approach provides a feasible solution of the Proto-Uralic homeland challenge and enables further research on the chronological, linguistic, and genetic contacts with other North-East Asian population groups including Yukaghir, Eskimo-Aleut, Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic, Korean, and Japanese.

English plays a pivotal role in advancing global sustainability by facilitating communication and trade among nations without a shared language. The emergence of Web 2.0 tools has created vast opportunities for education, particularly in language learning. Since the early 2020s, the development of Web 3.0 has gained momentum as artificial intelligence innovations increasingly support a more decentralized and user-driven online experience. This study investigates the use of Web 2.0 applications among Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) university students in learning English and assesses their readiness to adopt Web 3.0 technologies for language learning. A quantitative research design was employed, and a structured questionnaire was administered to first-year bachelor’s degree participants (n = 80) at Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka. Data were analysed using SPSS 20.0 through descriptive statistics, frequencies, and percentages. The findings indicate that participants hold positive perceptions toward the use of the web and Web 2.0 tools, suggesting strong potential acceptance of Web 3.0 technologies in the future. The results further highlight participants’ familiarity with digital environments and their confidence in integrating emerging technologies into their educational practices.

This study aims to assess the status of marine pollution associated with aquaculture activities in Vietnam, emphasizing the contribution of primitive aquaculture materials— such as Styrofoam floats, wooden cages, and low-grade plastics—to environmental degradation. The research analyzes the pathways through which these materials generate microplastics, chemical leachates, and solid waste, exacerbating coastal and marine pollution. Furthermore, in this work has been proposed that the promising approach highlights the importance of sustainable material innovation, particularly the development and application of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and other eco-friendly composites, as a strategic solution to mitigate the adverse environmental impacts of aquaculture. The development of sustainable HDPE materials aims to address the urgent challenges of marine plastic emissions from conventional aquaculture practices. Specifically, this study will propose a sustainable HDPE pipe production solution through a technological approach that blends UV-resistant and anti-aging additives at an optimal ratio. The goal is to synthesize durable HDPE materials suitable for application in sustainable marine aquaculture. By integrating technological advancements, policy recommendations, and local implementation strategies, this study provides a scientific foundation for promoting environmentally responsible and economically viable marine aquaculture in Vietnam.

Introduction: The mental health of medical students has become an increasing concern, given the high prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression, and burnout. In this context, active learning methodologies, such as problem-based learning, clinical simulation, and gamification, have been identified as strategies that not only foster meaningful learning but also promote students’ psychological well-being. Method: This study is an Integrative Literature Review (ILR) grounded in Evidence-Based Practice. The PICo framework guided the research question: What are the impacts of active learning methodologies on the mental health of medical students? Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and SciELO, including articles published between 2019 and 2025 in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. From 928 studies identified, 22 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed regarding study design, level of evidence, population, and main findings. Results: Most studies were published in English-speaking countries, predominantly with quantitative designs. Findings indicate that active learning methodologies reduce stress, anxiety, and burnout while enhancing engagement, motivation, and socioemotional skills. Discussion: Gaps remain concerning methodological heterogeneity and the lack of longitudinal studies capable of measuring sustained effects. Conclusion: Active learning methodologies emerge as pedagogical resources and strategies for promoting mental health in medical education. Future research should expand longitudinal approaches and explore curricular proposals that integrate academic excellence with psychological well-being.

This study investigates the synthesis of activated carbon (AC) from two distinct waste derived feed stocks: coffee grounds (CG) and a mixture of non-recyclable polystyrene (PS) with corn stalks (CS) for the first time. The results of study show that the CG precursor applied the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) at 240 °C for 5 h followed by KOH activation at 650°C, while the PS–CS mixture was subjected to pyrolysis at 500 °C for 1.5 h and activated at 750 °C. Interestingly, despite the milder treatment conditions, CGderived carbon achieved a good BET surface area of 914.83 m² g⁻¹, comparable to that of PS–CS-derived carbon (976.34 m² g⁻¹). The superior pore development in the CG sample is attributed to its high oxygen and nitrogen content, which facilitates dehydration, decarboxylation, and the formation of micropores during HTC. In contrast, PS requires higher activation temperature due to its aromatic and oxygen-deficient nature, although copyrolysis with CS promotes synergistic gas evolution and pore widening. These findings highlight that feed stock composition strongly dictates process parameters and pore characteristics, providing insights for designing sustainable routes to produce high performance activated carbon from diverse waste materials.