This research aims to get a better understanding of how small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Surabaya's food sector are incorporating risk management into their strategic decision-making processes. Even though they have already had a significant impact on Indonesia's economy, these culinary MSMEs face several financial, operational, and commercial challenges that might hinder their continued success in the future. Thus, a qualitative case study was conducted on five food-related MSMEs situated in Surabaya that had just undergone strategic changes. Based on in-depth interviews and participatory observation, the data was analyzed using theme coding and risk matrices according to ISO 31000 (2018). The analysis found that the two biggest operational risks are supply delays and being too reliant on vendors. Financial risk comes from fluctuations in prices, whereas market risk is characterized by variations in consumer preference. In response to these challenges, MSMEs have turned to digitalization, menu expansion, partnerships with local suppliers, and pre-order systems, among other strategies. Through enhancing corporate resilience, these strategies demonstrate a realistic and systematic application of risk management ideas. To bridge the gap between theory and practice regarding risk management implementation among MSMEs situated in urban regions, the study's results may be used by policymakers and business development programs to construct risk-aware support mechanisms. In the end, it proves that even tiny businesses with little resources can benefit greatly from organized risk analysis when making strategic choices.

This research aims to analyze financial ratios to assess the financial performance of PT Pembangunan Daerah Papua for the 2018-2022 period. The research method is quantitative analysis with liquidity ratios, solvency ratios and profitability ratios, with the data used in this research being secondary data obtained from the company's official website. The results of this research reveal that the liquidity ratio results do not meet financial performance standards, while the company's solvency ratio and profitability ratio meet standards, although overall financial performance is still below the banking industry average.

The development of entrepreneurial character among students is a strategic step in encouraging the younger generation to actively participate in the business and economic spheres. This study aims to identify the key characteristics that aspiring student entrepreneurs should possess, as well as to create a supportive ecosystem for them. The methodology employed in this research includes a literature review analyzing various academic sources related to entrepreneurial values such as integrity, keep collaborating, humility, tactfulness, inspiring others, agility, and respect. The findings indicate that the characteristics of integrity and collaboration are crucial in building trust and establishing long-term relationships with customers and business partners. Additionally, a humility and tactfulness approach in decision-making can enhance customer satisfaction and employee motivation. This research also emphasizes the necessity of creating an entrepreneurial ecosystem that involves collaboration among the government, educational institutions, and the private sector to provide access to knowledge and practical opportunities. By fostering outstanding character and a supportive ecosystem, it is anticipated that students can develop their entrepreneurial potential and positively impact economic development.

This study aims to identify and analyze effective digital marketing strategies in the era of Industry 4.0, focusing on the utilization of data to enhance customer engagement. The Fourth Industrial Revolution has significantly transformed business operations, particularly in the areas of data collection, analysis, and utilization. Using SWOT analysis, this research evaluates the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with digital marketing strategies implemented by companies in this context. The SWOT analysis helps identify the internal and external factors influencing the success of digital marketing strategies, providing insights into how companies can optimally leverage data to build stronger relationships with their customers. The findings indicate that with the proper use of data, companies can enhance customer engagement through more personalized and relevant marketing approaches. However, challenges such as data security and consumer privacy remain critical concerns. The study concludes that digital marketing strategies supported by robust data analysis and a deep understanding of consumer behavior can provide a significant competitive advantage in the era of Industry 4.0 .

This study aims to analyze the influence of motivation and tenure on lecturer competence, which impacts lecturer performance at Universitas Indonesia Maju. The research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The sample consists of lecturers who have NIDN at Universitas Indonesia Maju. The variables studied include motivation, tenure, competence, and lecturer performance. Data were collected through a questionnaire that was tested for validity and reliability. The results show that motivation and tenure significantly influence lecturer competence. Furthermore, lecturer competence significantly impacts lecturer performance. Data analysis indicates that achievement motivation and longer tenure tend to enhance lecturer competence in pedagogical, personality, social, and professional aspects. High competence positively contributes to the implementation of the Tridharma of Higher Education, including teaching, research, and community service. The study concludes that efforts to improve motivation and effectively manage tenure can enhance lecturer competence and performance, ultimately improving the quality of education at Universitas Indonesia Maju.

The development of digital technology has significantly changed consumer behavior, including in Indonesia. This research aims to qualitatively analyze consumer online shopping patterns in Indonesia. Using in-depth interview methods and content analysis, this research explores the factors that influence consumer decisions in online shopping, e-commerce platform preferences, as well as the challenges and obstacles they face. The research results show that ease of access, product variety and price promotions are the main factors that encourage consumers to shop online. Apart from that, trust in transaction security and product quality also plays an important role in purchasing decisions. This research also found that social media plays a significant role in influencing consumer shopping behavior through product recommendations and reviews. However, several challenges such as limited internet infrastructure and lack of technological knowledge among certain consumers remain obstacles to wider adoption of online shopping. The findings from this research provide insights for e-commerce companies and policymakers to develop more effective strategies for promoting online shopping and improving consumer experiences. This research also suggests the need for education and infrastructure improvements to support the growth of e-commerce in Indonesia.

Leadership and organizational culture are essential elements for the success of an organization, both business organizations and public organizations. In addition to knowing how close the relationship between Servant leadership and strengthening the AKHLAK culture is, this study aims to find dominant indicators that reflect the two variables. AKHLAK culture is a corporate culture based on the company's core values. The word AKHLAK is an acronym in Indonesian. The research sample involved 200 permanent employees in the West Java State Electricity Company (SEC)-Indonesia, which is one of the government-owned companies under Indonesian State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs), an "inclusion sample" of employees who have worked for at least five years. The study used quantitative methods with descriptive and verificative analysis approaches. The data analysis uses SEM-PLS (Structural Equation Modelling - Partial Least Squares). The results of the descriptive analysis in the study show that the implementation of servant leadership still plays a low role, and the AKHLAK culture is still not optimal. However, the verification analysis results show that Servant leadership's role strongly correlates with strengthening the AKHLAK culture. Moreover, the dominant indicator for Servant leadership is the “Trush” indicator, while the dominant indicator for AKHLAK culture is the “Loyalty” indicator.

This study aims to determine the effect of compensation and work discipline on employee performance at PT Langgeng Baja Pratama in Bekasi Regency. The method used is explanatory research with analysis techniques using statistical analysis with regression testing, correlation, determination and hypothesis testing. The results of this study compensation has a significant effect on employee performance of 50.3%, the hypothesis test obtained t count> t table or (7.788> 2.000). Work discipline has a significant effect on employee performance of 41.0%, the hypothesis test obtained t count> t table or (6.462> 2.000). Compensation and work discipline simultaneously have a significant effect on employee performance with the regression equation Y = 9.869 + 0.416X1 + 0.353X2 and a contribution of 61.3%, the hypothesis test obtained F count> F table or (46.655> 2.760).

This study examines the impact of brand attitude on brand image and brand equity for the Eiger Indonesia brand. In the context of intense competition in the outdoor products industry, understanding the influence of consumer attitudes on brand image and equity is crucial for effective marketing strategies. This study aims to analyze the relationship between brand attitude, brand image, and brand equity in the context of Eiger Indonesia. The research population is social media users who buy products from Eiger Indonesia. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method involving 160 consumers of Eiger products. Data collection used purposive sampling method through online questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results showed that a positive attitude towards the brand significantly improved brand image, and a strong brand image contributed significantly to brand equity. Eiger is advised to explore more focused marketing strategies based on the findings of this study, to strengthen consumers' positive attitudes and brand image, and maximize their brand equity. The implications of this study significantly contribute to Eiger's brand equity showing that a positive brand image not only strengthens brand perception, but also increases brand value in the eyes of consumers.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the level of understanding of digital marketing concepts and practices, identify challenges and obstacles in implementing digital marketing, assess the effectiveness of digital marketing training in enhancing human resource knowledge and skills, and evaluate the impact of digital marketing training on business performance and strategies to optimize its use. This research employs a mixed-method approach. The subjects of the study are micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Majasari District, Pandeglang Regency, with a sample size of 38 individuals. The findings indicate an improvement in the understanding of digital marketing concepts and practices among MSME operators after undergoing training. Challenges encountered include limitations in smartphone ownership, regional accessibility, packaging knowledge, and online selling experience. Digital marketing training has proven effective in enhancing the knowledge and skills of MSME human resources through strategies such as increasing training frequency, providing hands-on practice in creating social media and marketplaces for digital product marketing, and developing product logos for branding to compete in the online sales market