Bungur wood ( Lagerstroemia speciosa Pers.) is often used as a construction over ocean waters and is still widely available. Based on (SNI) 01-7210-2006 concerning types of wood for shipbuilding, bungur wood is included in the construction materials for traditional wooden ships, such as: frames, ivory, titles, leather and gladak boards. Bungur wood has low resistance to wood destroying organisms (III-IV), but has a fairly strong resistance to waves and strong winds (I-II). Application of fumigation on wood has long been done to preserve wood. The purpose of the research was to analyze the interaction between smoking duration and the depth of treated wood feed to the marine borer attack. The treatment factors used were the length of smoking time (control (without smoking) 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours) and the depth of feeding (two meters and four meters. The tests observed were weight gain after smoking, intensity of marine borer attack and identification of marine borer. After feeding for 6 months the results showed the interaction of smoking duration and feeding depth of bungur ( Lagerstroemia speciosa Pers.) significantly affected in reducing the intensity of marine borer attack. The best thing is that smoking for 12 hours at two meters of feed can increase the durability of bungur wood to Durability class II from the intensity of marine borer attack

Wood with low durability class or low natural durability has low resistance to attack by wood-destroying organisms, so it is very susceptible to attack by wood destroying organisms such as wood rot fungi. This study aims to determine the resistance of Gmelina arborea wood from clove leaf extract treatment to white-rot fungus attack. The cold soak method was used to apply clove leaf extract to wood samples and exposed to Trametes versicolor for three months. Analysis of retention data used a split-plot design with four levels of treatment, namely concentrations of 15%, 20%, 25%, and control. Each treatment was repeated three times. The SNI 01-7207-2014 wood resistance class table determines the wood resistance class. The results showed an increase in the retention value of gmelina wood in line with the increase in the given concentration. Therefore, testing the resistance of gmelina wood to fungal attack, treated with clove leaf extract on the heartwood with a concentration of 20% and 25%, could increase the wood resistance from moderately resistant to resistant. As well as, giving 25% concentration in the sapwood can increase the wood resistance from moderately resistant to resistant.

The development of a wound dressing is necessary to accelerate wound closure, promote tissue growth, and reduce scar formation. Hydrogel can be used as an ideal wound dressing. There are many materials that can be used as ingredients in the manufacture of hydrogels such as glucomannan and xanthan gum. The addition of antibacterial compound to wound dressing hydrogels such as sappan wood extract can be used to further improve the wound healing process, and avoid skin infections. In this study, hydrogel glucomannan-xanthan gum was prepared using a concentration of 1% xanthan gum: glucomannan (50:50 and 60:40), 2% xanthan gum: glucomannan (50:50 and 60:40) with the addition of 2% sappan wood extract. Furthermore, the water content, FTIR and antibacterial activity were determinate. The data showed that the hydrogel had excellent physicochemical and antibacterial properties. All the formulation of xanthan gum and glucomannan can formed hydrogels at 37° C and lower. The FTIR result showed the formation of new hydrogen bonds between glucomannan and xanthan gum. The hydrogel added with secang extract was able to inhibit E. coli and S. aureus with an inhibition zone of 7.0 -7.5 mm and 16.25-18.50 mm, respectively. Hydrogel was suitable for application as a wound dressing.

One of natural ingredients that has potential as herbal medicines is the leaves of agarwood-producing plants. Opportunities for the development of agarwood-producing plants (Aquilaria microcrocarpa Baill.) as medicinal plants are still wide open. Ethanol extract of Aquilaria microcarpa Baill folium extract was made in the form of syrup preparations to facilitate use. This study aimed to formulate Gaharu folium extract into syrup preparations. The syrup preparations were made into 3 formulas with variations in the concentration of sorbitol as a sweetener, namely 60%; 63% and 65%. The three formulas were then evaluated including organoleptic test, viscosity test, pH test, homogeneity test and specific gravity test. The hedonic test was also carried out to determine which formula was the most preferred. The evaluation results showed that all syrup formulas met a good range of syrup requirements. From the results of the analysis of the preference test data, it could be concluded that all formulas had a level of acceptance that was not significantly different, but formula 2 had the highest total hedonic score compared to other formulas. Formula 2 also had the appropriate pH, viscosity and specific gravity as a syrup.

Research on the basic characteristics of sonokeling wood ( Dalbergia latifolia Roxb.) has not been carried out widely. These properties include texture, pattern and color. This research aims to study and recognize these characteristics as a consideration of potential utilization of sonokeling wood to be developed widely. One simple technique in diversifying beauty of this wood was by drying treatment and visual photography technology combination. The research results showed that sonokeling wood had a very clear difference between heartwood and sapwood, and the growth rings are clearly visible. The wood texture is rather rough, especially at sapwood. The texture is rather smooth and shiny on heartwood. The pattern is very clear with beautiful black lines. The pattern is an embodiment of anatomical, chemical characteristics and radial section appearance of sawn wood. In production of decorative veneer, pattern will appear maximal in veneer slicing technique. Average color value ( E ) of sapwood = 63.54 (brown-yellowish brown) while heartwood = 32.28 (dark brown-blackish brown). Sonokeling wood is worthy to be widely developed considering of its beautiful patterns and colors, especially for product diversification of decorative veneers and synthetic vinyl. So that sonokeling wood become one of popular wood, especially in Java Island.

This study aims to determine the functional properties of natural and modified sago starch as a substitute for raw material for capsule shells from animal gelatin. Rumbia starch (Metroxylon sagu Rottb) or sago starch has good biodegradability, edibility, b iocompatibility, attractive appearance, and able to withstand oxygen and physical disturbances. In this study, the optimization of the functional properties of gelatin was carried out, including viscosity, gel fraction, water vapor transmission, and swelli ng degree test. The stages of this research were modification of sago starch, film printing and viscosity testing, gel fraction, water vapor transmission, and swelling degree test. The results showed that the gel fraction content was 51.8% (sago starch (PS ) + Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA)) - 81.6% (modified sago starch (PSM) + kaolin), the swelling degree was 1.41% (PS). +kaolin) – 2.32% (PSM+kaolin), viscosity of 2 cp (PS+PVA/kaolin) – 3220 cp (PSM+kaolin)), and water vapor transmission of 58.33 g/m2h – 566.25 g/m2h. The best result from cross linking was the application of modified sago starch (PSM) plus kaolin which gave the highest value for the gel fraction, degree of swelling and viscosity parameters.

Gyrinops Agarwood tea was a potential forest tea product. This research aim is to observe panelist preference level of Gyrinops agarwood tea with different leaves processing methods. There werefour agarwood leave processing including: fresh leaves without drying and oxidation (sample1), dried leaves without oxidation (sample2), dried leaves with partial oxidation (sample3), dried leaves with full oxidation (sample4). Phytochemical screening on samples was carried by tannin measurement with titrimetric method. Five scales hedonic score and numeric score were used by the panelist to express their preference level toward the samples, including like extremely (5), like slightly (4), neither like nor dislike (3), dislike slightly (2), dislike extremely (1).Hedonic assay has shown that at least 70% of panelists are given preference scores above the rejected standard (neither like nor dislike). The panelist gave this preference based on four parameters, including color, aroma, taste, and texture. Panelists prefer samples with oxidation then sample without oxidation. This preference was related to the higher tannin concentration on the sample with oxidation than the sample without oxidation. Sample 4 has got the highest numeric score from the panelist. This sample also has the highest tannin concentration among all samples (11%). It could be concluded that dried and full oxidation on leaf processing could produce agarwood tea with high tannin concentration and hedonic scores.

Kualitas biochar dipengaruhi oleh cara pirolisis dan jenis bahan baku. Namun perlu diperhatikan bahwa karakteristik biochar sebagai amandemen tanah tergantung pada kondisi produksinya (suhu pirolisis) serta bahan baku awal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi optimum kadar air, abu, zat mudah menguap dan karbon terikat biochar limbah kayu durian berdasarkan ukuran partikel bahan baku dan suhu pirolisis. Limbah kayu durian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berukuran 0,17–0,42 mm; 0,42– 1,00 mm; dan 1,00–2,83 mm, dengan variasi suhu pirolisis 350, 450, 550 °C. Perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Optimasi menggunakan metode Response Surface Methodology (RSM) dengan rancangan Desain Komposit Sentral (Central Composite Design (CCD). Berdasarkan model quadratic pada persamaan matematika, didapatkan kadar air optimum biochar limbah kayu durian sebesar 3,83% dengan ukuran partikel bahan baku pada 1,78 mm dan suhu pirolisis 505,1 oC. Kadar zat mudah menguap optimum biochar sebesar 15,48% dengan ukuran partikel bahan baku 0,82 mm dan suhu pirolisis 542,2 oC. Kadar abu optimum biochar sebesar 2,14% dengan ukuran partikel bahan baku 2,91 mm dan suhu pirolisis 519,5 oC. Kadar karbon terikat optimum biochar sebesar 77,84% dengan ukuran partikel bahan baku 1,44 mm dan suhu pirolisis 549,5 oC.

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) merupakan produk unggulan hasil olahan kelapa yang memiliki banyak kegunaan terutama di bidang kesehatan untuk mengatasi penyakit degeneratif. Ketersediaan kelapa yang melimpah belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal oleh industri rumah tangga VCO di Kalimantan Barat. Pembuatan VCO dengan cara teknik mekanik memiliki kelebihan yakni sederhana, hemat bahan bakar (tanpa pemanasan) dan tanpa penambahan zat aditif. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh VCO dengan cara teknik mekanik (penggunaan alat blender untuk pemecahan) skala industri rumah tangga dan mengetahui kualitas VCO yang dihasilkan. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi produksi VCO dan pengujian kualitas VCO yaitu penampakan, penentuan bilangan iod, bilangan peroksida, dan asam-asam lemak. Variabel berubah yang digunakan adalah lama waktu proses teknik mekanik dengan menggunakan alat blender (5, 10 dan 15 menit). Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah penampakan fisik untuk VCO yang dihasilkan jernih dan transparan. Rendemen VCO tertinggi yang dihasilkan yakni pada variabel lama waktu proses mekanik (blender) 10 menit. VCO yang dihasilkan pada semua variabel memenuhi persyaratan yang ditetapkan (SNI 7381:2008) untuk parameter bilangan iod, bilangan peroksida, asam lemak bebas, kadar asam laurat, kadar asam oleat dan kadar linoleat. Untuk kadar asam miristat pada VCO dengan variabel lama waktu blender 5 menit di bawah standar yang ditetapkan yakni 16,63 %, sedangkan kadar asam miristat untuk VCO dengan lama waktu blender 10 dan 15 menit hasilnya memenuhi syarat yang ditetapkan yaitu secara berturut-turut 17,66% dan 18,71%

Peningkatan tampilan dari produk furnitur berbahan dasar kayu lapis dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan proses finishing . Sementara itu, kualitas hasil finishing sangat dipengaruhi oleh bahan finishing yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat finishing dari kayu lapis yang diberi perlakuan bahan finishing water based dan solvent based (Poliuretan, Nitroselulosa, dan Melamin). Pertama, kayu lapis vinir jati berukuran 30 cm x 30 cm x 0,6 cm disiapkan permukaannya dengan menggunakan ampelas P 240. Kemudian diaplikasikan sanding sealer dan top coat untuk masing-masing jenis bahan finishing pada permukaan kayu lapis dan dilakukan pengujian. Pengujian nilai kilap dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat gloss meter , pengujian daya lekat lapisan finishing mengacu pada ASTM D 3359, pengujian fleksilbilitas dilakukan dengan coin test , pengujian kekerasan mengacu pada ASTM D 3363, ketahanan lapisan finishing terhadap panas-dingin dan bahan kimia rumah tangga (kecap dan saos) mengacu pada ASTM D 1654. Masing-masing pengujian dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali ulangan dan diolah datanya menggunakan Microsoft excel serta SPSS.19. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa nilai kilap lapisan finishing water based, melamin, dan nitroselulosa termasuk dalam kategori semi gloss (40-60)% sedangkan lapisan finishing poliuretan termasuk kategori gloss (60-80)%. Sementara itu, daya lekat lapisan finishing water based memilki daya lekat yang paling tinggi, diikuti poliuretan, melamin, dan nitroselulosa. Hasil pengujian fleksibelitas menunjukkan bahwa lapisan finishing water based dan poliuretan memiliki fleksibelitas sangat baik sedangkan nitroselulosa dan melamin termasuk kategori cukup. Selanjutnya, berdasarkan kekerasannya maka lapisan finishing poliuretan memiliki tingkat kekerasan yang paling tinggi (6H) diikuti lapisan finishing, melamin dan nitroselulosa (5H), sedangkan lapisan finishing water based merupakan yang paling lunak (2H). Pengujian ketahanan lapisan finishing terhadap panas-dingin dan bahan kimia rumah tangga menunjukkan hasil yang sama untuk semua lapisan finishing , yaitu masuk ke dalam kelas 10. Berdasarkan seluruh hasil pengujian bahan finishing yang memiliki kualitas paling bagus untuk diterapkan pada kayu lapis adalah jenis poliuretan.