Rotary dryers are often used to dry materials in fertilizer industry. The drying process using a rotary dryer may occasionally encounter issues, such as an uneven distribution of hot air and overheating, which can be caused by operator input errors or control parameter adjustments that are not optimal. The conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is a common method for regulating temperature in rotary dryers. However, it is not particularly effective in dealing with changes that occur in real time, which can result in extending the system’s transient period before equilibrium and overshoot for temperature output in rotary dryers. One potential solution that can be offered is to integrate PID control with an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) which would enable the system to adapt to the dynamics of the operational environment without operator assistance. The methodology used is backpropagation neural networks, trained with empirical data gathered during the operation of a rotary dryer. The output from the ANN model is then used to adjust the PID controller within the system in order to prevent extending the system’s transient period before equilibrium and overshoot. Backpropagation is used because this algorithm can effectively reduce errors when recognizing data patterns. The control design aims to improve the efficiency of the drying process, optimizing it, and reducing costs associated with production

The discovery of drugs as COVID-19 antivirals has been intensively carried out by researchers as an effort to reduce the number of victims of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The discovery of main protease (Mpro) which plays a role in protein replication and transcription helped researchers identify virus inhibitors. This research has examined the potency of the bioflavonoid compounds hesperidin and the flavanon glycosides neohesperidin and their structural stability as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 by DFT computation. The first method used is the calculation of density functional theory (DFT) on hesperidin and neohesperidin molecules to optimize the geometry of the molecular structure, analysis of frontier molecular orbitals (FMO), chemical reactivity index, and map electrostatic potential (MEP).

High cholesterol levels cause several diseases, such as atherosclerosis (narrowing of the arteries), coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, obesity, thyroid disorders, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and kidney disease. Generally, such checking is carried out invasively in clinical laboratories or hospitals. The checking can be done individually at a lower cost by using non invasive cholesterol measuring devices. This study aims to design and implement an android-based non-invasive cholesterol monitoring device using the TCRT5000 sensor. The tool developed was tested to measure cholesterol levels in 15 respondents aged 20-30 years. The research procedure consisted of several stages, starting with the design stage of the tool, which was carried out by assembling the components; the second stage was the tool coefficient of determination test, the third stage was the accuracy test, and the last stage was the data transfer speed test. The average accuracy of the tool is 83.18%, and the avarage of delay is 8.8 ms. This tool has considerable potential to be used in a telemedicine system that can be accessed remotely regularly to determine the estimated value of cholesterol levels in the blood.

Yeh Gangga Beach is one of the black sand beaches in the Tabanan district. The abundant black sand on this beach stretches along the shoreline with varying grain sizes. This black sand characterizes the specific surface composition as iron sand deposits with high magnetic mineral content. The very high need and use of magnetic minerals in various fields prompt a study of the magnetic mineral content in the black sand of Yeh Gangga beach.The magnetic material content was determined by the extraction method which was expressed in terms of mass fraction. The grain size distribution was determined by the sieve method using a sieve shaker consisting of six mesh numbers, namely 30, 100, 170, 200, 270, and 325.The density of magnetic materials was determined by the principle of mass and volume ratio. The magnetic susceptibility was tested by using a Bartington MS2B susceptibility meter. Meanwhile, the characterization of the elements and their oxides used non-magnetic methods, namely the X-Ray Fluorescence test.The research results show that the magnetic material fraction of Yeh Gangga black sand reach 84.84% with 58.39% of the grains having sizes in the range 150r ≥90 μm. The magnetic susceptibility value is 28.26 10-6 m3/kg with an Fe element content of 85.15% w. The hematite (Fe2O3) content reaches 81.69%. This magnetic material has a density of 1914.43 kg/m3.

As an effort to create innovation in the world of radiography, it is necessary to develop technology in software. This effort is to improve image quality by using pyramidal decomposition. This digital image decomposition is referred to as pyramid decomposition. The original image is decomposed into several frequency bands, repeatedly divided into high-pass components and low-pass components. The high-pass component is set aside while the low-pass image is subjected to subsequent division. This creates a kind of "3D" stack of image layers. Each layer is at a lower frequency and therefore fuzzier. This processing was pioneered by Philips Healthcare as UNIK (Unified Image Quality Enhancement), and by Agfa as MUSICA (Multi-Scale Image Contrast Amplification) with various innovations. The test image uses digital radiography images resulting from innovation from 14bit RAW digital conversion into JPG format. Image quality is calculated using Mean Square Error (MSE) and Peak Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR). The pyramidal decomposition application succeeded in improving the quality of digital radiography images with an average MSE reduction value of 0.018 and an average PSNR increase of 22.114 dB. Visually, there is a constant increase in contrast and detail, so it can be applied in the medical field.

The study was conducted to compare the Computed Tomography Dose Index Weighted (CTDIw) value values and homogeneity index on head and body phantoms with tube voltage variations. Two CTDI phantoms are Gammex (Sun Nuclear, Florida, United States) and IBA (IBA Dosimetry, Schwarzenbruck, Germany). The pencil ionization chamber was used for the measurement of CTDI. The measurements were carried out with a Toshiba Alexion 16 MSCT in a single rotation of axial mode with detector position in the phantom’s center, top, bottom, right, and left. Tube voltage values are 80 kVp, 100 kVp, and 120 kVp. Then, the homogeneity test of the phantom was carried out. The homogeneity value was obtained by measuring the average CT number in the image by determining the region of interest (ROI) at positions namely a, b, c, d, and e, In addition the ratio of the two phantoms was also carried out. The ratio was obtained from the difference of the CTDI100 value at the edge to the CTDI100 value at the center of the head and body phantom from Gammex and IBA. The results showed that the CTDIwof the Gammex head phantom are 26.83 mGy (80 kV), 53.32 mGy (100 kV) and 83.32 mGy (120 kV). While the CTDIw of the Gammex body phantom are 11.73 mGy (80 kV), 21.58 mGy (100 kV) and 36.45 mGy (120 kV). In comparison, CTDIw of the IBA head phantom are 27.01 mGy (80 kV), 55.33 mGy (100 kV) and 81.69 mGy (120 kV). While the CTDIw of the IBA body phantom are 11.85 mGy (80 kV), 23.32 mGy (100 kV) and 35.00 mGy (120 kV). The differences in CTDIw of the two phantoms were within (head phantom is 0.18 % – 2.01 %) and (body phantom is 0.13 % – 1.75 %). The difference below 5% with the p-value of the head phantom is 0.87 and body phantom is 0.89 (more than 0.05) indicates that the two phantoms are not significantly different because the two phantoms are made of the same material. The average ratio for the Gammex head phantom is 1.12 – 1.28, while the IBA head phantom is 1.07 – 1.28. Then the average ratio for the Gammex body phantom is 2.03 – 2.56, while for the IBA body phantom is 1.91 – 2.59 which indicates that the head phantom produces a more uniform dose distribution compared to a body phantom. The average homogeneity value of the IBA phantom is 90.52 % and the average homogeneity value of the Gammex phantom is 87.15 % (a difference of around 3.37%). This value shows that Gammex and IBA phantom have fairly good homogeneity

Software MCNP6 digunakan dalam simulasi pemodelan pada terapi proton untuk pengobatan kanker otak glioblastoma. Pada simulasi ini digunakan geometri phantom kepala leher, dengan bentuk daerah penyinaran pencil beam scanning rubik 3×3×3 dan panjang rusuk 1,2cm yang terbagi menjadi 27 kubikel. Digunakan 3 sumber radiasi proton yang diarahkan ke setiap pusat kubikel sel kanker dengan tiga variasi energi, yaitu (113; 112,9; dan 108,5) MeV. Dari hasil simulasi diperoleh sebaran dosis yang merata pada setiap kubikel sebesar (1,400±0,005) MeV/gram per proton dengan tingkat isodosis 94% dan nilai selisih relatif pada setiap kubikel paling besar 16,59%. Organ sehat yang memperoleh distribusi dosis proton dan partikel sekunder paling besar adalah otak, dengan dosis total sebesar (0,386±0,001) MeV/gram per proton. Dari distribusi dosis pada sel kanker, diperoleh waktu penyinaran untuk mematikan sel kanker glioblastoma adalah (33,838±0,183) sekon dengan arus proton sebesar 1 nA.Kata Kunci: Glioblastoma, MCNP6, partikel sekunder, terapi proton.

Sebagai upaya pemanfaatan potensi limbah cangkang kerang hijau (Perna Viridis L.), cangkang kerang hijau dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai penguat (filler) pada komposit dengan matriks polyester. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis sifat mekanis komposit matriks polyester dengan filler cangkang kerang hijau. Pada penelitian ini digunakan beberapa bahan matriks berupa Resin Polyester dan Methyl Ethyl Keton Peroxide (MEKP) yang berfungsi sebagai katalis. Sampel yang telah dibuat selanjutnya akan dilakukan karakterisasi uji tarik menggunakan mesin UTM (Universal Tensile Machine). Pengujian tarik terhadap komposit ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kekuatan tarik matriks polimer dengan penguat cangkang kerang hijau. Penelitian kali ini menggunakan partikel cangkang kerang hijau berukuran 100 mesh, kemudian variasi fraksi volume filler yang digunakan yaitu 0%, 10%, 20% dan 30%. Metode hand lay up yang digunakan dalam pembuatan material komposit ini. Diperoleh data hasil penelitian dengan nilai kekuatan tarik tertinggi terdapat pada variasi fraksi volume filler 10% dengan nilai sebesar 18,49 MPa.

Simulasi yang berkaitan dengan gugus bola sangat penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui evolusi dan dinamika gugus bola. Dalam penelitian ini, kami mendeskripsikan sebuah model gugus bola dengan densitas Plummer isotropik melalui teknik sampling rejection yang mirip dengan kali code. Kemudian, kami membuat modul program dalam bahasa pemrograman Python. Model yang dihasilkan oleh modul ini sesuai dengan beberapa parameter teoretis Plummer. Walaupun model Plummer ini hanya cocok untuk daerah di sekitar inti dari gugus bola hasil observasi, tetapi model Plummer distribusi bintang-bintang dapat digunakan sebagai kondisi awal gugus bola dalam simulasi gugus bola.