Mistletoe is a hemiparasites plant that interfere the growth of their host plant, However, mistletoe itself can be used in the herbal medicine. One of the cultivated plants is Indonesia which is affected by this mistletoe is mango. Mangoes is rich in antioxidant, so that its mistletoe is also thought to rich in antioxidant. This study is aimed to analyze the secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity of mango mistletoe from two varieties of mangoes, namely Harumanis and Madu. The study has been carried out experimentally. Samples were collected from Caturtunggal, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Extraction was carried by maceration in methanol. Phytochemical screening, quantitative analysis of phenolics compound and quercetin were performed using HPLC. Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH method. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistisc. The result showed that the quercetin level and total phenolic compound of D.pentandra leaves extract from M.indica var. Madu are higher than var. Harumanis, which are 257.917 ppm and 399,195 ± 12.352 mg GAE/g extract respectively. Antioxidant activity of D.pentandra extract from M.indica var. Madu is also higher than var. Harumanis, with IC50 37.19 ppm. In this study, enviromental factor did not affect the secondary metabolites of mistletoe. Through this data, the difference of secondary metabolites profile and the antioxidant activity of mistletoe from different host varieties were found, particularly in quercetin and its phenolic compounds.

Penelitian bermaksud memberikan informasi terkait efektivitas suplementasi vitamin terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan lele (Clarias sp.) bertempat di kolam ikan yang letaknya berada di Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Udayana pada bulan Oktober-Desember 2023. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu eksperimental yang terdiri dari empat perlakuan dengan melakukan tiga kali perulangan. Ikan lele yang memiliki panjang ± 10 cm diberikan perlakuan A yaitu tanpa penambahan vitamin, perlakuan B penambahan vitamin C sebanyak 300 mg/kg, perlakuan C penambahan vitamin E sebanyak 500 mg/kg; dan perlakuan D yaitu pemberian vitamin C dan vitamin E secara bergantian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan dengan tambahan vitamin mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan lele secara signifikan (P<0,05). Pertumbuhan bobot ikan lele yang didapat dari perlakuan A adalah 5,36±0,19 g, perlakuan B adalah 6,93±0,89 g, perlakuan C adalah 11,64±2,64 g, dan perlakuan D adalah 12,63±1,45 g. Rata-rata pertumbuhan panjang yang diperoleh berturut-turut pada perlakuan A, B, C, dan D adalah 1,08±0,27 cm, 2,66±0,18 cm, 2,80±0,21 cm, dan 3,10±0,77 cm. Presentasi tingkat kelangsungan hidup yang terlihat dalam urutan A, B, C, dan D adalah 60±8,16%; 76,6±4,71%; 76,6±4,71%; dan 80±0%. Penilaian kualitas air dalam lingkungan pemeliharaan perlu disesuaikan agar ikan lele dapat tumbuh dan hidup dengan baik. Rata-rata kualitas air yang diperoleh adalah pH antara 7,6-7,7, suhu antara 27,22-27,62°C, dan DO sebesar 4,01-4,25 mg/L dimana masih optimal untuk pertumbuhan ikan lele.

Perkembangan otak pada fetus mencit (Mus musculus) saat di dalam uterus induk dipengaruhi berbagai faktor, salah satunya adalah suara (musik). Berbagai genre musik dapat memberikan efek yang berbeda terhadap perkembangan otak pada fetus mencit. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan mengetahui efek pemberian musik klasik, musik rock, dan murottal Al-Qur’an pada induk bunting terhadap perkembangan cerebrum fetus mencit. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pada empat perlakuan terdiri dari kontrol (K0), musik klasik (K1), musik rock (K2), dan murottal Al-Qur’an (K3), dengan enam ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah bobot cerebrum, jumlah sel piramidal, dan neuroglia. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikroskop cahaya yang dilengkapi dengan optilab dan setiap preparat diamati lima lapang pandang. Analisis data yang terdistribusi normal dan homogen dengan uji ANOVA dan dilanjut Uji Duncan. Data yang terdistribusi normal namun tidak homogen dan data yang terdistribusi tidak normal tetapi homogen dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis dan dilanjut uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa stimulasi musik yang optimum meningkatkan jumlah sel piramidal dan neuroglia terhadap perkembangan cerebrum fetus mencit adalah murottal Al-Qur'an (K3) dan musik klasik (K1).

Banjar Jempanang memiliki tiga ekosistem utama selain pemukiman, yaitu ekosistem hutan, perkebunan kopi, dan riparian. Ketiga tipe ekosistem tersebut memiliki karakteristik yang ditunjukkan oleh struktur dan komposisi spesies tumbuhan yang berbeda. Meskipun demikian, kajian terhadap karakteristik tiga ekosistem berbeda di suatu lingkup area masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan struktur komunitas tumbuhan pada ekosistem hutan, perkebunan kopi, dan riparian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode plot yang dilanjutkan dengan analisis vegetasi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis vegetasi, ekosistem hutan memiliki spesies pohon terbanyak (16 spesies). Pada bentuk pertumbuhan tiang, perkebunan kopi dan riparian sama-sama memiliki 13 spesies. Untuk bentuk pertumbuhan pancang, ekosistem riparian memiliki spesies terbanyak (16 spesies). Jenis tumbuhan yang memiliki INP (Indeks Nilai Penting) tertinggi pada ekosistem hutan adalah Tabernaemontana sphaerocarpa (48,31%) untuk pohon, Polyscias nodosa (80,34%) untuk tiang, dan Areca triandra (129,66%) untuk pancang. Pada perkebunan, INP tertinggi adalah Magnolia champaca (85,33%) untuk pohon, Leucaena leucocephala (74,61%) untuk tiang, dan Coffea arabica (166,30%) untuk pancang. Pada ekosistem riparian, INP tertinggi adalah Swietenia mahagoni untuk pohon (79,51%) dan tiang (68,45%), serta Gliricidia sepium untuk pancang (40,93%). Berdasarkan Indeks Keanekaragaman, ketiga ekosistem dengan ketiga bentuk pertumbuhan tersebut memiliki nilai pada rentang 1-3 yang termasuk dalam keanekaragaman sedang. Nilai Indeks Dominasi < 0,5 menunjukkan tidak ada dominasi jenis, dan nilai Indeks Keseragaman > 0,5 menunjukkan sebaran jenis merata. Secara keseluruhan kondisi vegetasi di Banjar Jempanang dalam kondisi stabil dengan keanekaragaman sedang.

Eucheuma cottonii seaweed is known as a potential biological agent to be developed as a herbal raw material in the health sector, raw material for the cosmetic industry and as a functional food sector. The safety of herbal raw materials to be used, especially in the health and food sectors, must be free from all kinds of contaminants, especially heavy metals (Pb, Cd and As). Heavy metals have become a very serious threat to ecosystems and public health because they are able to affect the food chain. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of heavy metals in Eucheuma cottonii seaweed in the Nusa Lembongan seaweed cultivation area and to calculate the health risks posed to humans if consumed. The concentrations of heavy metals Pb, Cd and As contained in the seaweed Eucheuma cottonii in Nusa Lembongan are respectively; 1,2824±0,4626 ppm, 0,0429±0,0250 ppm, dan 0,0006 ± 0,0005 ppm. The estimated daily intake (EDI), estimated weekly intake (EWI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and target cancer risk (TCR) for arsenic values were obtained by correlating the heavy metal content in Eucheuma cottonii seaweed. The EDI, EWI and THQ values obtained do not indicate a dangerous level for humans if they consume Eucheuma cottonii seaweed. The TCR value of arsenic metal also shows that the risk of cancer is low so that Eucheuma cottonii seaweed in the Nusa Lembongan seaweed cultivation area is safe if used and consumption of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed does not pose any long-term health risks.

A decrease in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin levels was one of the complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). One of the treatments for DM patients used Heating Therapy (HT). Heating Therapy is a treatment in the form of heat exposure which can cause increased expression of heat shock protein (HSP), improve glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and improve insulin signaling. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of heating therapy on the blood profile of mice. This research used a Complete Random Plan, which had five treatments and six replications. Rats without treatment (K-), diabetic rats (K+), rats given HT at 37°C for 10 minutes (P1), HT at 37°C for 20 minutes (P2) and HT at 37°C for 30 minutes (P3)). Heating Therapy was given every day for 3 weeks. One-way ANOVA test was used to analyze research data. If there was a significant difference (P <0.05), then proceed with the Duncan post-hoc test. The results showed that the control group and the treated group of mice given HT had significant differences (P <0.05). By giving HT at a temperature of 37°C for 10 minutes was effective in increasing hemoglobin levels and improving the number of platelet cells in diabetic mice.

Diseases caused by viruses are always evolving due to the mutating nature of viruses and are still a threat to the health world today. One of the strategies utilized by scientists to address this challenge is the identification of bioactive compounds with antiviral properties. This article presents an overview of various marine organisms that contain antiviral compounds, including microalgae, macroalgae, soft coral, and marine sponge. This review article employs a systematic review methodology, utilizing Proquest, MDPI, and Science Direct data search bases from 2013 to 2024. The search terms employed were "Antiviral Compounds," "Marine antiviral," "Algae antiviral," "Soft Coral antiviral," and "Sponge antiviral." A total of 440 articles were identified through the use of the specified keywords. Following the screening process, 31 articles were deemed relevant for inclusion in the review. From the 31 selected articles, six articles discussed on microalgae, 11 articles for macroalgae, eight for soft corals, and six for sponges contain antiviral compounds with diverse anti-viral mechanisms. The antiviral compounds identified in the organisms discussed in this article are fatty acid group, lutein, carrageenan, fucoidan, polyphenol group, terpenoid group, sesterpenes, asteltoxin, and others.

Pulau Menjangan merupakan salah satu pulau di kawasan Taman Nasional Bali Barat yang memiliki satwa khas yaitu rusa timor (Rusa timorensis). Kehadiran manusia di habitat alaminya dikhawatirkan dapat mengakibatkan perubahan terhadap keberadaan rusa timor di habitatnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengamati perjumpaan dan penggunaan habitat oleh rusa timor di Pulau Menjangan TNBB dalam kaitannya dengan aktivitas manusia. Pengamatan dilakukan di hutan pantai, hutan musim dataran rendah, dan savana pada bulan Desember 2023 hingga April 2024. Rusa timor banyak dijumpai di habitat hutan musim dan savana, namun sedikit di habitat hutan pantai. Pada setiap tipe habitat, rusa timor lebih sering dijumpai pada habitat antropogenik dibandingkan pada habitat alami. Rusa timor menggunakan ketiga tipe habitat di Pulau Menjangan untuk aktivitas ingesti dan beristirahat. Tumbuhan yang dimakan oleh rusa timor adalah intaran (Azadirachta indica), pilang (Vachellia leucophloea), santigi (Pemphis acidula), malapari (Pongamia pinnata), widuri (Calotropis gigantea), ubi kelapa atau uwi (Dioscorea alata), walikukun (Schoutenia ovata), bakau (Rhizophora mucronata), rumput lari (Spinifex littoreus), dan alang-alang (Carex sp.). Tumbuhan yang digunakan oleh rusa timor sebagai tempat istirahat adalah intaran (Azadirachta indica), pilang (Vachellia leucophloea), malapari (Pongamia pinnata), walikukun (Schoutenia ovata), santigi (Pemphis acidula), buah renda (Carissa spinarum), kresek (Ficus superba), dan waru laut (Thespesia populnea).

The bottlenose dolphin is a species often used in the entertainment industry worldwide. They are the most commonly encountered type of dolphin in aquariums and water parks, where they are featured in shows. This research aims to determine the behavioural differences of Tursiops spp. living in their natural habitat versus in captivity to improve and enhance the quality of life for these animals in captivity. Data collection for this study involved a direct observation method of dolphins at Bali Exotic Marine Park (BEMP) and Lovina Beach for four weeks at each location, with a descriptive analysis of the findings. The results indicate that bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.) living in their natural habitat exhibit behaviours typical of wild dolphins and do not show signs of stress, demonstrating well-being with non-repetitive and varied behaviour patterns according to their natural activities. In contrast, bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.) in captivity display behaviours similar to those in the wild but also exhibit abnormal behaviours, including signs of stress such as the occurrence of Repetitive Abnormal Behaviour three times (0.3%), as well as other repetitive behaviours like surface displays, side breaching, chuffing, and sexual behaviours. These behaviours may be attributed to a lack of social interaction with other dolphins, disturbances from humans, and limitations in the captive environment.

Nitrogen (N) and phosphate (P) pollution from floating net cage (KJA) is one causes of the critical condition of Rawa Pening Lake. Previous research shown that feed waste causes a load of organic matter (BOD), N, and P contamination in the waters of Lake Rawa Pening. This survey research is a quantitative descriptive approach aims to see the correlation between the quality of feed used in KJA toward N and P pollution through a plankton community structure analysis. There are three observation locations, namely in the KJA located surrounding Bukit Cinta - Banyubiru District (feed protein content 26% -28%), Jembatan Biru - Bawen District (feed protein content 31% -33%), and in the middle of ??the lake where no KJA activity as a control. Water samples from the observation location were analyzed ex situ and in situ for water quality and plankton community structure. Plankton community structure shows that in all three observation locations have been lightly polluted and are eutrophic (abundance 16,111 - 34,356 ind/L eutrophic category; H' = 2.098-2.689 medium diversity category; C = 0.066 - 0.179 medium dominance category; and E = 0.605-0.691 even category). The quality of feed used in KJA has a low correlation with plankton abundance (r = 0.289). The abundance of plankton at the observation location was positively correlated with the BOD (r = 593) and negatively correlated with the transparency level (r = 691). This means that higher the BOD value, the higher abundance of plankton and lower transparency of the lake waters. Fragilaria sp. is a potential genus of plankton to be used as a bioindicator of high BOD and nitrate in water bodies.