HighlightsCNN-BiLSTM hybrid model captures local & long-range SOC dependencies.Novel temp-guided attention improves adaptability across wide temperature ranges.LFGWO (Lévy Flight GWO) algorithm for efficient hyperparameter auto-tuning.High accuracy and robustness shown from −20 °C to 25 °C under dynamic conditions.

Abstract The anodic dissolution of type 304 stainless steel (SUS304) and chromium were investigated in an amide-type ionic liquid, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (BMPTFSA) in the presence of Cl–. The constituents of SUS304 (Fe, Ni, and Cr) were dissolved through both the direct anodic dissolution and the simultaneous chemical etching by trichloride ion, Cl3–, to form their chlorocomplexes. Micro- and macro-smoothing of SUS304 were found to be possible after potentiostatic anodic electrolysis in 0.5 M BMPCl/BMPTFSA at 1.0 V vs. Ag|Ag(I) and 343 K with agitation. The in-situ analysis of the local physical properties of the electrolyte using an impedance type electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance revealed that a viscous layer did not form near the electrode during the anodic dissolution of SUS304.

Abstract A fundamental understanding of water and gas transport is crucial for continued improvements of electrolysis systems. This work demonstrates a technique to measure electro-osmotic drag in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) cells. The method was validated using repeated testing of several variations of Nafion™ membranes. The effect of temperature, thickness, membrane fabrication route, current density, and equivalent weight on electro-osmotic drag coefficients were explored. Specific conclusions can be drawn from the data for this class of perfluorinated polymer membranes. Notably, temperature, membrane fabrication route, and equivalent weight were all found to have meaningful impact on electro-osmotic drag. The lowest electro-osmotic drag coefficients observed were just below 3 water molecules per proton and the highest electro-osmotic drag coefficients were just above 5 water molecules per proton. This represents up to a ~70% increase in water flux and is expected to significantly impact hydrogen and oxygen flux across the cell. The observed electro-osmotic drag coefficients scaled proportionally to the water uptake of the membranes studied, with increased water uptake leading to higher electro-osmotic drag coefficients. Both the method of measuring electro-osmotic drag and the observed results in this paper are key findings that help quantify water flux in operating PEMWE cell.

Abstract To date, sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF₆) in carbonate solvents is the state-of-the-art electrolyte in sodium-ion capacitors (SIC). However, it possesses serious safety issues owing to its high fluorine content, and poor chemical and thermal stability, resulting in the formation of corrosive and hazardous byproducts. For this reason, its replacement with less fluorinated salt is considered of great importance for the development of sustainable SICs. In this work, we investigate the use of sodium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (NaTFSI) and sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI), which are more sustainable and contain less mass percentage of fluorine compared to NaPF6 . The chemical-physical properties of electrolytes containing these salts dissolved in a mixture of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate was studied and compared to that of the state-of-art electrolyte. The use of these electrolytes in combination with hard carbon and activated carbons electrodes, in lab-scale SIC was thoroughly analysed. SICs containing these imide-based electrolytes exhibit far superior long-term stability compared to the state-of-the-art system. Furthermore, the degradation processes occurring in these innovative devices were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The result of this study indicates that it is possible to realise high-performance SICs containing low fluorinated salts.

HighlightsIn the absence of an oxidant, indium remains relatively stable in both acidic and alkaline slurries.When an oxidant is present, indium is oxidized to In3+ ions in acidic slurry and to indium oxide in alkaline slurry.The addition of H2O2 promotes the formation of a passivation layer on the indium surface in both slurry types.Without an oxidant, the corrosion process proceeds rapidly, resulting in removal rates of 215 nm min−1 in alkaline slurry and 210 nm min−1 in acidic slurry.

Abstract The development of electrode materials that combine high scalability with outstanding electrochemical performance is crucial for advancing lithium-ion battery technologies. Among various anode material systems, bimetallic organic frameworks have attracted extensive attention due to their ability to provide additional active sites and generate significant synergistic enhancement effects through the introduction of two distinct metal centers. However, their practical application in lithium-ion batteries is hindered by limited electron transport and insufficient structural stability during cycling. Therefore, we adopt a photoredox strategy to in situ deposit Ag nanoparticles on the surface of FeCo-MOF and successfully fabricated the Ag@FeCo-MOF composite anode material. The excellent electrochemical performance is primarily attributed to the high specific surface area of the MOF carrier and the synergistic effect of the bimetallic active sites. Meanwhile, the successful loading of Ag nanoparticles has constructed an efficient three-dimensional conductive network, increasing electronic conductivity by 100 times and significantly accelerating electron transport kinetics. Electrochemical tests indicate that the initial discharge specific capacity of Ag@FeCo-MOF is 534.2 mAh/g at a current density of 500 mA/g, with Coulombic efficiency exceeding 98%. After 500 cycles, the discharge capacity remains at 513.9 mAh/g without significant decay.

Abstract Silver-coated copper (Cu@Ag) powders prepared by electroless deposition possess wide applications due to high conductivity and good stability. However, the synergistic mechanism between reducing and complexing agent is unclear, and the preparation of uniform Cu@Ag powders is still a challenge. Here, the synergistic effect and mechanism of reducing and complexing agents for the preparation of Cu@Ag powders were studied. It was confirmed that formaldehyde with aldehyde group exhibited stronger reducing ability than glucose. The synergistic effect between reducing agents (i.e. formaldehyde and glucose) and complexing agents (i.e. potassium sodium tartrate, citric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) on homogeneous preparation of Cu@Ag powders was elucidated. It was found that formaldehyde and potassium sodium tartrate were the optimum matching reducing agent and complexing agent. Cu@Ag powders with good core-shell structure were obtained and the resistivity was only 0.112 mΩ·cm. It is ascribed to moderate dissociation energy difference between copper and silver complexing ions. Cu@Ag powders obtained under optimum conditions possessed good oxidation resistance. Compared to copper powders, the weight gain of Cu@Ag powder decreased from 25.5% to 19.3% at 519.5 ℃. This work provides a theoretical basis to select and match reducing and complexing agents for the preparation of uniform Cu@Ag powders.

Abstract We developed an electrochemical sensor for detecting BPA using AgNPs/g-C3N4/IL@GCE. Graphitic carbon nitride was synthesized from calcination of melamine at 550°C, while AgNPs were synthesized via a green tea extract method, and the nanocomposite was dropcast onto GCE surface along with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methyl sulfate (BMIM-MeSO4) ionic liquid as a binder. Morphology was characterized and response surface methodology (RSM) using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was used as a concurrent strategy to optimize pH, scan rate, and deposition time. Independent validation experiments conducted at multiple interior points within the design space showed good agreement between predicted and experimental responses, with prediction errors of 6.29-10.11% for oxidation peak current and 1.63-5.24% for oxidation potential. Applying the optimized conditions, the sensor linearized BPA detection in the concentration range of 1-10 µM, with a limit of detection of 0.66 µM, and limit of quantification 2.20 µM. The sensor showed excellent recovery (99.16-102.26%) of BPA present in real water samples. The improved electrocatalytic activity of the sensor interfaces was due to the synergistic effects of AgNPs and g- C3N4. The novelty of this research was the use of an RSM-BBD approach to systematically optimize a green synthesized AgNPs/g-C3N4 nanocomposite electrode, permitting predictive modelling to show reasonable electrochemical sensitivity towards BPA detection