Introduction: The purpose of this study was to realize environmentally friendly behaviors in sports from the point of view of managers and organizers of sports events. Methodology: In order to collect data, a 4-part researcher-made questionnaire including 40 questions was used. The face and content validity was confirmed by a survey of related faculty members, and its reliability was reported using Cronbach's alpha of 0.83. The statistical sample of the research consists of managers and organizers of sports events in ten provinces of the country. After distributing the questionnaires, finally 254 questionnaires were returned. Results: Data analysis was done using Amos and SPSS-19 software. Pearson's correlation coefficient and path analysis were used to test hypotheses, and bootstrap method was used to test indirect relationships (mediation). The proposed model was also tested to investigate the relationships between the factors. The results showed that the three factors of environmental awareness, perception of environmental effects, and the intention to support green sports events affect the actual environmental friendly behavior. Also, the results showed that the variable that intends to support green sports events plays a role as a mediating variable and the extent of the impact of environmental awareness and perception on the actual environmentally friendly behavior is caused by the intention to support green sports events. Conclusions: Based on the proposed research model, the environmentally friendly behaviors of sports event organizers and managers and their intention to protect green sports events are largely influenced by their knowledge and understanding of environmental issues. It seems that understanding the basic factors affecting people's actual and supportive behaviors towards green sports is necessary to promote environmental behavior.

Sports diplomacy is a pervasive phenomenon that at the diplomatic level is one of the most important components of communication between countries and nations, and therefore it is important to know what is the position of Iran, as a powerful country in the field of diplomacy in this area. The purpose of this study was to investigate the position of diplomacy in Iranian sports. The research method was descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study was all political-sports managers and experts in the field of sports diplomacy who were selected by purposive and accessible sampling. The data collection method included library studies, semi-structured interviews with experts and finally the Delphi method in three stages. In order to identify the strategic position, the Internal Factor Evaluation Matrix (IFE) and the External Factor Evaluation Matrix (EFE) were used. The results showed that the position of Iranian sports diplomacy is in the position of WO (conservative strategy). In this regard, it is concluded that high-level officials and policymakers in the Ministry of Sports, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and other relevant institutions should focus their plans on addressing weaknesses and taking advantage of existing opportunities.

El desafío constante de mejorar el desarrollo integral de los niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA), se enfoca en la necesidad de colaboración entre padres, maestros e instituciones educativas. A nivel global, según la OMS, uno de cada cien niños tiene algún grado de autismo. En Nicaragua, no hay cifras exactas, pero el Ministerio de Educación ha trabajado en mejorar la educación para estos estudiantes. A pesar de estos esfuerzos, aún falta implementar una metodología integral que incluya el deporte como parte esencial en sus vidas familiares, educativas y sociales. El deporte no solo mejora la salud física, sino también el bienestar cognitivo, emocional y social. La actividad física reduce comportamientos estereotipados, fomenta el crecimiento celular y la neurogénesis mediante el ejercicio aeróbico, además de desarrollar habilidades sociales, comunicativas y deportivas en niños y adolescentes con autismo.

La adolescencia es una etapa crítica para el desarrollo de hábitos que impactan la salud a largo plazo. Este estudio se enfocó en evaluar los hábitos saludables, conductas de riesgo y su relación con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) en adolescentes nicaragüenses. Se examinaron factores como alimentación, actividad física, consumo de sustancias, sedentarismo y uso de redes sociales. Se aplicó la encuesta RAPHAEL (Evaluación de Riesgos, Salud Física, Adicciones y Vida Emocional) a 233 estudiantes de secundaria y universitarios menores de 18 años. El IMC se calculó y clasificó según los estándares de la OMS. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos para comparar variables entre grupos y evaluar asociaciones. El sobrepeso y la obesidad fueron más prevalentes en universitarios, mientras que los estudiantes de secundaria reportaron más tiempo en actividades sedentarias, pero también mayor actividad física. Ambos grupos mostraron patrones similares en alimentación. Se observó un consumo considerable de alcohol y tabaco en ambos grupos. Los hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de intervenciones tempranas para promover hábitos saludables y prevenir el sobrepeso y la obesidad en adolescentes nicaragüenses. La relación entre el tiempo sedentario, la actividad física y el IMC subraya la importancia de abordar ambos aspectos en conjunto. El consumo de alcohol y tabaco plantea preocupaciones sobre posibles riesgos para la salud a largo plazo y la necesidad de programas de prevención. Para concluir, este estudio proporciona información valiosa sobre los hábitos de salud y conductas de riesgo en adolescentes nicaragüenses. Los resultados sugieren la implementación de programas integrales de promoción de la salud en entornos educativos, enfocados en alimentación saludable, actividad física, prevención del consumo de sustancias y manejo del peso corporal. Es crucial abordar estos factores para mejorar la salud y el bienestar de los adolescentes en Nicaragua.

Introduction: Previous research has reached positive conclusions regarding the effects of mental practice on performance and learning of a motor skill. The purpose of this study was to use the aggregate data meta-analytic approach to assess the impact of physical practice (PP), mental practice (MP), and the combination of both on acquisition, retention, and transfer tests in motor skill performance. Methodology: Twenty-seven studies published up to 2022 were included by searching six databases. Random effects model using the standardized mean difference effect size (ES) was used to pool results. Results: A total of 42 ES, were calculated and separated into pairwise comparisons for acquisition, retention, and transfer phase. In the acquisition phase, it was found that MP was more effective than no practice (ES=0.508; n=25; CI=0.29,0.72), PP was more effective than no practice (ES=1.78; n=15; CI=0.97,2.60), CP was more effective than no practice (ES=1.16; n=12; CI=0.57,1.75), PP was more effective than MP (ES=-1.16; n=23; CI=-1.88,-0.45), PP had similar results as CP (ES=-0.01; n=16; CI=-0.31,0.28), and CP was more effective than MP (ES=0.61; n=12; CI=0.17,1.04). In the retention phase, it was found that MP was more effective than no practice (ES=1.11; n=5; CI=0.44,1.79), PP was more effective than no practice (ES=1.03; n=4; CI=0.08, 1.99), PP was more effective than MP (ES=-1.29; n=9; CI=-3.12,0.54), PP had similar results as CP (ES=0.16; n=8; CI=-0.29,0.63), CP had similar results as MP (ES=-0.06; n=3; CI=-1.22,1.09). In the transfer phase, it was found that MP was more effective than no practice (ES=1.12; n=5; CI=0.01,1.59), PP had similar results as no practice (ES=0.41; n=5; CI=-0.02,0.85), and PP was more effective than MP (ES=0.50; n=6; CI=0.12,0.87). Age, skill level, type of mental practice, total of sessions, and type of skill were considered as possible moderator variables. Conclusions: Mental practice does not replace physical practice, however, under some conditions, physical practice can be complemented with mental practice.

El Deporte Universitario Andaluz debe entenderse desde un concepto mucho más amplio del que representa la competición, incluso esta cooperación entre las universidades podría ser beneficiosa en la consecución de mayores resultados en sus diferentes ámbitos y programas de actuación a nivel interno. Por todo ello el primer paso debe ser que las universidades determinen cuál es su camino, como se visualiza el deporte universitario andaluz y el propio Grupo Andaluz de Deporte Universitario en el medio y largo plazo.

Objective. This study aimed to compare the motor fitness components between the Women's National Cricket Team and the Bangladesh Krira Shikkha Protishtan (BKSP) Women’s Cricket Team, two pivotal entities in the realm of women's cricket in Bangladesh. Methods. The subjects for this study were chosen at random from a pool of thirty (30) National level women cricket players from National Camp and thirty (30) women cricketers from BKSP. Various motor fitness components, including speed, agility, abdominal strength, and power of the arm and shoulder, were evaluated using standardized fitness tests. The chosen players were between the ages of 17 and 25. They have 4-13 years of training age at the time of collection data of them used to practices under the supervision of qualified coaches. For statistical analysis, mean, SD, and independent “t” test were measure throw SPSS software. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results. The findings revealed significant disparities in motor fitness components between the two teams. Notably, the Women's National Cricket Team exhibited superior performance in terms of speed, agility, and power of the arm and shoulder compared to the BKSP women’s cricket team where calculated t value were significant at 58 df at 0.05 level. However, no significant differences were observed in abdominal strength between the two teams as calculated t value were found to be not-significant at 58 df at 0.05 level. Conclusion. The comparative analysis underscores the distinctive strengths and areas for improvement within the Women's National Cricket Team and the BKSP Women’s Cricket Team. The outcomes of this study could inform targeted training programs and strategies tailored to optimize the motor fitness components specific to each team, ultimately enhancing their overall performance and competitiveness at the national and international levels.

En la intervención didáctica que se presenta se desarrolla la creación expresiva corporal en el alumnado de segundo de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, que parte de la búsqueda de recursos musicales y expresivos corporales, donde convergen la audición y la expresión corporal, además del conocimiento del lenguaje musical como proceso de aprendizaje. Se desarrolla con una muestra de 90 alumnos del mismo centro educativo. El objetivo de la experiencia educativa fue promover las capacidades, habilidades, actitudes y aptitudes creativas mediante la expresión corporal. Se lleva a cabo mediante una metodología activa, cooperativa, en tres grupos clase, donde se utilizan agrupamientos flexibles que favorecen el enriquecimiento entre el alumnado. La herramienta de evaluación ha sido una rúbrica. A lo largo de toda la intervención didáctica se recogen datos de cada grupo clase en la fase vivencial, fase de profundización y en la fase de expresión creativa. En las conclusiones obtenidas se desprende que la creación en la expresión corporal a través de la música se presenta en la actualidad como necesaria para favorecer el desarrollo creativo, a través de intervenciones didácticas en las que se fomente el aprendizaje vivencial, integral y de calidad.