Abstract This article discusses how the leading pioneer of modern evolutionary economics, Richard R. (Dick) Nelson attempted a revolution in the way in which Economics is generally done, with some resemblance to the equivalent earlier attempts of Maynard Keynes. While this was unsuccessful within the discipline, Dick’s ideas had a strong impact in various other disciplines, and he was a leader in the creation of the interdisciplinary field of innovation studies. I review four areas of international business (IB) research that have drawn most on Dick Nelson’s work. First, Dick’s early conceptual writings on the evolutionary theory of the firm became a landmark contribution to the then nascent field of business strategy, and the evolutionary approach to the multinational corporation (MNC). Second, Dick’s development of the concept of national innovation systems is now widely used in IB. Third, Dick’s various contributions on the unevenness of technological innovation across firms or industries have influenced work in IB on knowledge spillovers between MNCs and other firms, and on patterns of international inter-organizational alliances or networks. Fourth, the impact on IB of Dick’s many writings on university-industry or science-technology relationships, and on intellectual property rights regimes have been especially relevant for IB research on comparative institutional structures, and for the interpretation of internalization theory in IB. In conclusion I argue that the return of systemic analysis in the IB field has now created new opportunities for the further exchange of ideas between IB and evolutionary economics conducted in the fashion exemplified by Dick Nelson.

Abstract This paper aims to assess the effect of taxation and information and communication technology (ICT) on firms’ exports. We use World Bank Enterprise Survey data on manufacturing firms in 113 developing countries over the period 2008–2019. Probit and tobit models with instrumental variables are used to estimate the extensive and intensive margin of exports, respectively. The results show that ICT mitigates the detrimental effect of tax obstacles on export propensity and intensity. Moreover, among small and medium enterprises, basic digitalization relaxes fixed compliance costs, boosting entry, while complementarities overturn entry penalties for large firms, and intensity effects remain small for both. In addition, our findings indicate that interactions are adverse in both low income countries and lower-middle-income countries but positive in upper middle income countries.

Abstract Cyber risk has emerged as a critical challenge for businesses, governments, and individuals. The greater availability of data, the increasing dependence on digital infrastructures, and the ever-advancing level of sophistication of cybercriminals have intensified both the occurrence and impact of security breaches. Literature on the economic aspects of cybersecurity originates from several distinct research areas and employs various approaches, emphasising the multifaceted nature of this phenomenon. This survey presents an overview of the economic dimension of cybersecurity, summarising the main findings of this rich and interdisciplinary literature. Our survey focuses on the four key actors involved in cybersecurity: hackers, companies, consumers/users and regulators. We provide an overview of the motivations and strategies employed by hackers, examine how companies and users protect themselves against cyber risks and respond to breaches, and analyse the economic and financial consequences. We also discuss the policy instruments available to regulators to mitigate both the likelihood and the impact of cyberattacks. In the final section, we suggest some potential directions for future research. (JEL D8, L86, L20)