Purpose: Government policies about commodity consumption have an influence on the growth of numerous economic sectors in the globalized world. Africa has experienced a decline in economic welfare, largely due to, a sudden increase in prices and high dependency rate. This study aimed to exploring the uncertainty of commodity price on the Kenya’s economic growth. To assess kind and intensity of the nexus, both descriptive and correlational research designs were utilized. Design/Methodology/Approach: The work also employed correlational approach applying quarterly time series data trends for the period spanning for 14 years (2008- 2022). Analysis of the data was conducted using E-views software and several diagnostic estimations as well as regression was conducted to check the null hypothesis that stated that explanatory variable had no statistical effect on explained variable. Findings: From the correlational output of -0.2639(0.0416) commodity price shock revealed a negative significant connection. Both commodity price shock and economic growth dataset had unit root problem, which was resolved after first differencing. The simple regression findings revealed a significant negative impact of -0.2019 (0.0321) for the commodity price shock. Advanced diagnostic tests were also conducted and revealed absence of autocorrelation, and data was normally distributed making the established model appear stable and relevant. Implications/Originality/Value: The analysis report recommends that the government should embrace local production to control commodity price volatility as well as imports, which make the country more sensitive to shocks. Additionally, establishment of new local industries as well as revival of the existing industries to boost internal production mitigating price volatility as well as vulnerability dependence.

Purpose: This study examines the effect of employment shift on household food security: Evidence in Turkana County, Kenya. Design/Methodology/Approach: Descriptive and correlation research design was used with the population targeting 133,899 rural households in the Turkana County. Clustered sampling techniques was used to ensure fair representation, and Yamane’s formula was applied to determine a sample size of 399 respondents. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, and the reliability and validity of the instrument were tested before administration. Data analysis entailed descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Findings: Results showed that employment shift was statistically significant with Beta value at 0.215 and p-value 0.000, explaining only 28.3% of the variation. The study concludes that employment shift contributes to improving food security. Implications/Originality/Value: These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and development practitioners in designing tailored interventions to enhance household resilience and reduce food insecurity in Turkana County.

Purpose: To examine the effect of digital lending on financial sustainability of commercial banks in Kenya Design/Methodology/Approach: The research design used was descriptive in order to get the present picture of lending innovations and their influence on financial sustainability. The sample used in this study was commercial banks in Kenya that included Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 banks (a total population of 7 Tier 1 banks, 19 Tier 2 banks and the rest 13 Tier 3 banks). The sampling method was stratified random to identify a representative sample, which guarantees that the insights will be obtained in various categories of banks. The structured questionnaire was used to collect the data where Cronbach alpha was used to test internal consistency and Keiser-Meryer-Olkin(KMO) tested construct validity. Data analysis consisted in testing the assumptions of the Classical Linear Regression Model (CLRM) and these are linearity, normality, homoscedastic. The regression models were used as the main analysis tools to establish the direct effects. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to present the results. Findings: The model summary indicated that there was a strong positive correlation between the variables and the correlation coefficient of the model (R) was 0.728 and the adjusted R 2 of 0.511 value indicated that the model is robust and capable of account to the number of predictors and sample size. The statistical analysis of the ANOVA results indicated that the regression model was significant (F(4,98) = 27.600, p < 0.05), all together, the digital lending indicators are statistically significant with regard to the financial sustainability of commercial banks. The coefficients table also described the personal effects of each independent variable. The constant (B = 1.000, p = 0.008) Implications/Originality/Value: Therefore, there was adequate evident to reject the null hypothesis that posits: Digital lending positively affects the financial sustainability of commercial banks in Kenya.

Purpose: Healthcare planning plays a pivotal role in shaping the socio-economic landscape of a nation. In Kenya, despite notable strides in healthcare provision, challenges persist, including inadequate funding, limited access to quality healthcare services, and disparities in healthcare outcomes across regions and socioeconomic groups. This study rigorously investigated the impact of recurrent healthcare expenditure on Kenya's economic growth of the health sector for a period of forty years (1984-2024). Design/Methodology/Approach: The study adopted a correlational research design. Secondary data was collected from Ministry of Health reports, and World Bank indicators. Time series data was analyzed using E-Views software, both descriptively and inferentially. Pre and post diagnostic tests were conducted. Findings: The Augmented Dickey Fuller and Phillips Perron tests for stationarity revealed a mixed output and the non-stationarity was resolved at first difference. F-Bounds test revealed no cointegration among the variables. The variance inflation factor test values were less than 10 showing no multicollinearity among the independent variables. Normality test revealed a 5% level of significance where the p-value was 0.726147>0.05. Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey test for heteroscedasticity had a probability 0.1250>0.05 showing that there was no problem of heteroscedasticity. From the regression analysis, the study revealed that recurrent health expenditure has a positive significant impact (β1= 17.2056 (p=0.0000<0.05) on economic growth. Implications/Originality/Value: The analysis report recommends that by fostering transparency and accountability in healthcare financing, Kenya can create a resilient health system that supports human capital development and consequently, economic growth. The findings contribute to policy justification, decision making and resource allocation within Kenya’s healthcare sector.

Purpose: This study examines the impact of management support on the functionality of internal control units (ICU) in ensuring compliance and service delivery within the Eastern Cape Department of Rural Development and Agrarian Reform (ECDRDAR). Institutional Theory point of view is what this study is based on, more especial the New Institutional Sociology (NIS) perspective. The perspective of NIS provides a vigorous framework, which can be used to explain the formal adoption and practical implementation of internal control mechanisms within government departments, the study explores key challenges undermining ICU effectiveness. Design/Methodology/Approach: To sample the respondents, the study purposive employed sampling method was. Interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to gather data from 150 finance and ICU staff. Findings: The results indicated that the lack of management support prevents ICU to effectively ensure compliance with controls, the lack of management support reduces the status of ICU within the department, the lack of management support result in a failure to effectively mitigate financial risks and the management failure to support ICU result in non-compliance which negatively affect service delivery. Implications/Originality/Value: The findings emphasise the need for enhanced training, clearer policy dissemination, and organizational safeguards to mitigate lack of management on ICU personnel.

Purpose: This study investigates how urban farming can address interconnected issue such as urbanization, food insecurity, unemployment, and environmental degradation, and how it can contribute to sustainable economic growth by examining its economic, environmental. And societal impacts. Design/Methodology/ A qualitative desk research methodology was employed, using data from academic publications, scientific books and credible websites. The study explores how urban farming supports ecological sustainability, job creation, food system resilience and income generation, in urban settings. Findings: The result shows that urban farming enhances local economies, supplies fresh and affordable agriculture produce, strengthens community engagement and promotes tand interhe development of green urban infrastructure. Also, broader adoption is hindered by challenges such as limited land access, inadequate legislative support and low public awareness. Implications/Originality/Value: The study emphasizes the necessity of multi- stakeholder collaboration, targeted governmental support and integrated urban planning to unlock the full potential of urban farming as catalyst for sustainable economic growth. Also provides recommendations for future research and development in this area

Purpose: Organizational innovation is acknowledged as a key factor in assisting public universities maintain service delivery efficiency. Public universities operate in a dynamic and competitive business environment that poses strategic, operational and tactical challenges which affect their service delivery efficiency. This study sought to establish the effect of organizational innovation on service delivery in public universities in Western region. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study adopted a descriptive survey research design collecting data using structured questionnaires. The target population of the study were deputy vice chancellors, directors, deans of schools and heads of departments from four public universities in Western region. A sample size of 142 respondents was determined using Yamane’s formula. Simple random and stratified sampling techniques were used. Data collected was analyzed descriptively using percentages, mean and standard deviation and inferentially using regression analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. Findings: Research findings indicated a statistically positive and significant interrelation between organizational innovation and service delivery (β =0.756, P = 0.00). Implications/Originality/Value: The study aims at fostering the effective implementation of organizational innovation in public universities. The study outline on how effective partnerships and collaborations, revolutionization of management structures and systems and continuous digital training of staff enhances service delivery in public universities.

Purpose; The study focused on effects of green manufacturing on performance of sugar manufacturing firms in western Kenya. Methodology/design; The study utilized descriptive and causal research design using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study targeted 10 sugar manufacturing firms in Western Kenya. The sample of 126 employees was selected from each company using a simple random sampling technique, focusing on the designated departments. Closed ended questionnaires were used based on a five-point Likert scale. The study was anchored on Natural Resource Based View and Transaction Cost Economics Theories. Validity and reliability of the instrument was tested. Data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: The study found out green manufacturing has significant positive effect on performance of sugar manufacturing firms in western Kenya. Implications/Value: The study seeks to guide policy makers and management in sugar manufacturing firms in identifying areas for the integration of green manufacturing strategies to establish a basis for developing and executing policies to enhance product and service quality, increase production process in effectiveness and efficiency, and optimize service costs throughout the supply chain network. It will also elucidate the primary motivations for firms in this sector to adopt a green manufacturing philosophy as a strategic approach to enhance overall performance.

Purpose: The study sought to analyse how corporate governance was affecting the business operations of Grain Marketing Board (GMB) and the Zimbabwe National Water Authority (ZINWA). These two parastatals have had challenges of corporate governance which has been always an issue for most parastatals largely covered by media reports and research studies. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study adopted mixed methods paradigm together with explanatory sequential design. The target population was 97 managers from both state enterprises and parent ministry. Forty-six respondents provided quantitative data from a structured questionnaire. Interviews generated qualitative. Findings: The major findings were that these two parastatals were faced with several corporate governance challenges which were affecting their business operations. These included issues of corruption, lack of operational autonomy and poor accountability systems Implications/Originality/Value: The implications are that both parastatals should curb the corruption scourge and should be granted some degree of autonomy.