ABSTRACT The Kadambas of Goa of south India emerged as a notable ruling power in Goa in the tenth century CE. This article discusses the nature of the interaction between the rulers and the ruled, utilising the early state theory of Henri J.M. Claessen. To achieve political and social authority, the kings of this early state employed diverse strategies. Some of these schemes involved elaborating a genealogy and entering into matrimonial alliances with the dominant powers of the region. But reciprocity and distribution of power also played an important role in achieving legitimacy for the rulers. The creation of brahmana settlements resulted in agrarian expansion and the establishment of the puranic order, which went a long way in achieving legitimacy for the ruling class, allowing the temporal and spiritual authorities to interact with each other.

ABSTRACT The dialect literature of Lancashire and Yorkshire during the second half of the nineteenth century and early years of the twentieth century attracted many devoted readers, and has been examined by scholars interested in literature, linguistics and social and cultural history. Having given some consideration to this work the article focuses upon the performance element of this literary phenomenon. The article examines in particular the experiences of two prominent performers of their own work, Lancashire-born Edwin Waugh and Yorkshire native John Hartley. Consideration is given to the content and delivery of their performances, the nature and size of their audiences and the spaces in which these events took place. Finally, consideration is given to the fact that many performances of this dialect material were given by other people in localities far beyond the counties of Lancashire and Yorkshire, and on occasion in completely different dialects.

ABSTRACT Using data from six sample parishes, this article examines the migration of predominantly agricultural labour across the Anglo-Scottish border in the mid-nineteenth century. The main purpose is to establish the extent to which the Border formed a barrier to movement at this time. A largely similar agricultural system within the Border region, with a specific character to its employment processes, appears to have been significant in reducing any negative impact upon the movement of labour. Furthermore, an examination of features such as religion, co-habitation and marriage patterns, suggests that for many Border residents, being born in the neighbouring country but living in the other one does not appear to have constituted any significant deterrent to social interaction.

ABSTRACT This analysis of the military hospitals of Minho in 1801, is based on memoirs written in September of that year by the physician Bernardo Abrantes Almeida, inspector of the Entre Douro and Minho Army, in the aftermath of the War of Laranjas (War of the Oranges) between Portugal and Spain. After this conflict and foreseeing a new invasion, Portugal sought to audit its available health provision, to properly plan its defences. This report provides an important insight into the existing hospitals in Minho, the patients and the diseases treated in them, as well as the attitude of its author towards the hospitals of Misericórdias and those managed by the Order of São João de Deus. As a defender of the creation of State military hospitals, the author made a number of criticisms of the places of treatment used by the Crown and supplied a new model to treat military personnel.

ABSTRACT The Anglo-Scottish treaties of York (1464) and Nottingham (1484) include exceptions for Lorn (Scotland) and Lundy island (Bristol Channel) in the provisions they made for peace between the parties. The exception for Lundy allows for explorations of lordship and local privilege across the territories of the crown in the fifteenth century. In 1464, Lundy had recently passed from the control of the Lancastrian Butler family, and the exception reflects contests in the Irish Sea similar to those that led to the exemption for Lorn. In 1484, one of those negotiating was Henry, earl of Northumberland, and his contested claim to the lordship of the island explains his response to claims from other interests, interacting with the politics of Richard III’s reign and relationships with France and Brittany. Local and regional lordship could still manifest on the diplomatic stage, which was not yet the preserve of specialist servants of centralised states.

ABSTRACT The history of industry in Portugal is tangled. In the early 1990s, the government was letting non-viable, uncompetitive companies collapse while targeting those bolstered by European funds for their “success stories.” One of the findings of a study on Portugal’s competitive advantages emphasised the importance of the country’s traditional industries for the development of new technologies and industrial sectors. This article is a historical account of community innovation in Portugal during the 1990s. It analyses two illustrative case studies: the Portuguese automobile cluster and the AutoEuropa development in Setúbal; and the Portuguese science and technology sector exemplified by the Taguspark – a science and technology park in Oeiras near Lisbon. It is argued that Portuguese industry had to develop strong links and establish viable R&D relationships with science and technology institutions in order to help strengthen the country’s competitive advantages in an increasingly globalised economy.

This article refers to:Rural Governance in Regulating Customary Rights of Gleaning: A Case Study of Sherborne, Dorset 1635