Hyacinth populations that disturb water areas can be reduced by utilizing water hyacinths as raw materials for papermaking because hyacinths have a cellulose content of 24.5% which has the potential to produce good quality paper. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of raw material size and hydrolysis time on the papermaking process in accordance with ISO 11108: 1996 and SNI 0698: 2010 by varying the size of water hyacinth raw materials namely 0.1 cm, 1-2 cm, and utuh and hydrolysis time of 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 minutes using the reflux heating method. The optimum hydrolysis time and raw material size were obtained at 150 minutes and a variation in the size of the raw material of utuh with a cellulose content of 56.83%, moisture content of 6.01%, and paper tear resistance of 1856.79 mN.

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a cereal plant that is able to grow in a relatively harsh environment and can be cultivated in Indonesia even though it is not a tropical plant. This plant has the potential to be used as raw material in making bioethanol because in addition to being environmentally friendly, the raw materials are also very abundant, so it can be an alternative substitute for gasoline. The weight of the stem biomass, the percent of brix nira, and the volume of sap contained in the superior genotype of sweet sorghum for bioethanol production. The results obtained from stem biomass, percent brix in stem sap, and high volume of sap can be used as criteria for selecting varieties for bioethanol raw materials from sweet sorghum.

Corrosion is a decrease in metal quality due to an electrochemical reaction with its environment. Many factors can cause corrosion of a material. One of them is due to the influence of the concentration of chloride acid dissolved in water media so that the environment is corrosive (acidic). Corrosion can occur in various forms, ranging from uniform corrosion on the entire metal surface to corrosion that is concentrated in certain parts. There are many methods to inhibit the corrosion process. One of the many methods is the use of inhibitors. Organic inhibitor is a type of inhibitor that is non-toxic, inexpensive, readily available in nature, easy to renew and does not damage the environment. These organic inhibitors are obtained by extracting some materials that exist in nature. In this study, the inhibitor used was Dayak leek. The inhibitor is used on API 5L steel material in 0.5M HCl media. The method used to retrieve the steel corrosion rate data using the weight loss method. The inhibition efficiency reached 99.02% for the addition of an inhibitor with a concentration of 5% with an immersion time of 10 days with a corrosion rate of 4.46 mpy.

Soap is a mixture of sodium compounds with fatty acids that are used as body cleaning agents, in solid form, foam, or without additives. Solid soaps on the market have the color, shape, aroma and additives needed by the skin as well as active ingredients that are able to reduce pathogenic microorganisms on the skin. Antibacterial active ingredients against Staphylococcus aureus can be obtained from sungkai leaf extract (Peronema canescens Jack) because it contains chemical compounds such as alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. This study aims to determine the physical properties of solid soap of sungkai leaf extract in accordance with the quality standards of SNI 3532: 2016 and determine the antibacterial activity of solid soap of sungkai leaf extract against Staphylococcus aureus. Sungkai leaf extract is added with volume variations, namely 0 mL, 5 mL 10 mL, 15 mL, and 20 mL. The resulting solid soap is physically tested and antibacterial tests against Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that solid soap of sungkai leaf extract has physical properties in accordance with the quality standards of SNI 3532-2016 and can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The best results were obtained at the addition of 10 mL of sungkai leaf extract. The soap has a dense texture, the aroma of sungkai leaf extract is not too pungent, pH 9.8, foam stability is 87.80%, moisture content is 3.54% and the diameter of the inhibitory zone against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is 10 mm

The candlenut plant is a plant that is used as a spice plant that produces oil with various benefits used in everyday life. The various benefits that exist in hazelnut oil make hazelnut oil popular with consumers in meeting their daily needs. This causes an increase in demand for hazelnut oil because the need is also increasing every year. Therefore, it is necessary to have an appropriate extraction method so that it can produce good quality hazelnut oil and maximum results. This research aims to determine the effect of the type of solvent and the most effective extraction time on the extraction of hazelnut oil using the soxhletation method. This research method is an experiment by varying the type of solvent, namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol, as well as time variations, namely 60, 90 and 120 minutes with the soxhletation process. The tests in this study were the yield test, density test and water content test. In this study, it was shown that the best solvent for extraction of hazelnut oil was n-hexane because it could produce 18.64% yield with an extraction time of 120 minutes and had a clear yellow color with a density value of 0.926 g/mL in accordance with the hazelnut oil criteria determined by SNI . Extraction time has a major influence on the yield obtained. The longer the extraction time, the more randemen produced. In this study the best time for extraction was 120 minutes.

Baby hair lotion is a baby cosmetic preparation that has a function to make hair strong and thick. There are already many baby skin and hair care products sold in the market. Baby's skin is at high risk of skin damage due to allergies, extravasation, and infection because the skin is very delicate. Emollients or preparations that soften the skin must be free of fragrances, dyes or preservatives. Among specifications, a product must consist of at least 95% organic ingredients to be called "organic." For this reason, it is important to know what ingredients are contained in the products used on baby's skin. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of Almond oil, Aloe vera, and aquades on the final results of lotion preparations, and to determine the feasibility of lotion preparations in each variation carried out. Tests carried out on Baby Hair Lotion preparations are pH tests. Spreadability test, stickiness test, organoleptik test, and homogeneity. The variables used are independent variables, namely Almond oil content (36%, 30%, 25%, 15%, 12%), Aloe vera content (22%; 21.75%; 25%; 15%; 10.05%) , levels of Aquades (38.45%; 44.7%; 46.45%; 66.45%; 74.4%), for the dependent variable, namely levels of Cetearyl Alcohol (1%), Coriander seed oil (0.05% ), Lexgard Natural (0.5%), Plantasen (2%), while for the dependent variable the heating temperature is 60 -70oC.

East Kalimantan, especially the cities of Tana Paser, is one of the producers of dragon fruit, especially red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus). The amount of consumer interest in red dragon fruit results in a large amount of dragon fruit peel waste that is not utilized. Several studies have shown that red dragon fruit skin extract has toxic properties that can be applied to cancer cells. So in this study, the extraction and fractionation process was carried out which was then continued with phytochemical tests and BSLT tests with the aim of knowing secondary metabolites in the aqueous extract fraction, ethyl acetate extract fraction and n-hexane extract fraction with phytochemical test methods and to determine the toxicity of the fraction. aqueous extract, ethyl acetate extract fraction and n-hexane extract fraction were carried out using the BSLT test method. The results of the phytochemical test showed that the aqueous fraction extract of dragon fruit peel contained alkaloids, phenolics and saponins. The extract of the ethyl acetate fraction of dragon fruit peel contains phenolics and flavonoids. Fralsi n-hexane dragon fruit peel \contains triterpenoids. The results of the BSLT test showed that the LC50 value of the aqueous fraction extract was 451.855 ppm, the ethyl acetate fraction extract was 374.024 ppm, and the n-hexane fraction extract was 312.176 ppm which overall was classified as moderately toxic. The highest toxicity effectiveness was shown in the n-hexane fraction extract with triterpenoid secondary metabolite compounds.