Abstract The study aimed to report the clinical manifestation, identification, characterization and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from five mastitis-infected ewes. Mammary secretions were collected and inoculated on nutrient agar. Four isolates of Staphylococcus spp were identified. They were further confirmed by two specific primers which revealed 756 bp amplicon of 16S gene and 270 bp amplicon for thermonuclease gene. These four isolates were further amplified using 16S universal gene primers and compared with NCBI database which confirmed S. aureus. Antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that these isolates were 75 to 100% sensitive to amikacin, amoxyclav, cefepime, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone and 75 to 100% resistant to bacitracin, cloxacillin, doxycycline, erythromycin, penicillin-G, streptomycin and vancomycin while intermediately sensitive to ampicillin, cefixime, chloramphenicol, chlortetracycline, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem, kanamycin, methicillin nitrofurantoin, norfloxacin, novobiocin, ofloxacin, polymyxin-B and tetracycline. It was inferred that the isolation of S. aureus as the primary pathogen and its multidrug resistance, particularly against commonly used antibiotics, underscore the need for alternative strategies to manage mastitis effectively.

Abstract A goat kid (one month old) afflicted with periorbital edema, severe blepharospasm, conjunctival hyperaemia, pruritus, epiphora and corneal ulcer was presented at Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science, Rampura Phu (Punjab). On the basis of history and clinical examination, it was diagnosed as congenital entropion. Haematological examination revealed mild neutrophilia. The Hotz-Celsus approach was used in conjunction with temporary tarsorrhaphy. A skin incision was made close to the edge of the lower eyelid (2mm distal and parallel to the lower eyelid), followed by the excision of a crescentic patch of the eyelid skin and the underlying orbicularis muscle next to eyelid margin. Simple interrupted sutures were applied to the skin incision margins, including the orbicularis muscle as well. The same procedure was adopted for the correction of upper eyelid entropion. Post-operatively, enrofloxacin and meloxicam were administered intramuscularly for five consecutive days along with ciprofloxacin eye drops. The animal was recovered in 12 days. Hotz-Celsus approach, along with temporary tarsorrhaphy is found to be an efficient surgical treatment for congenital entropion in kids.

Abstract A nondescript doe (2 years old) with a full-term pregnancy was presented to the Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Mathura (Uttar Pradesh) in the month of October, 2024 with a history of straining for last 12 hours, a blunt injury by a tractor, and a large palpable swelling at the ventrolateral portion of the left side of the abdomen. On clinical examination, the abdomen was enlarged, and a foetus was felt on abdominal ballottement. Ultrasonographic examination of the uterus revealed the presence of a live foetus and was diagnosed it as a hernia of the gravid uterus. Cesarean section was performed, and a live female kid was delivered, and the doe survived uneventfully.

Abstract A study was aimed to evaluate the different extracts of Ailanthus excelsa (Ardu) bark and pods for their antioxidant, antibacterial and anthelmintic activities. Phytochemical analysis showed higher concentrations of phenols, flavonoids, total tannin and saponin (6.37, 4.12, 5.70 and 18.94 mg/g, respectively) in methanol extract of pod as compared to bark (0.22, 0.79, 0.09 and 5.21 mg/g, respectively). A total of 12 phyto-compounds were identified with predominance of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(dimethoxymethyl) furan in methanol extract of bark and 4-phyto-compounds with predominance of 2,3-butanediol, [R-(R*R*)]- in methanol extract of pod. Antioxidant activity was 93.61 and 9.83% in methanol extract of pods and bark, respectively. Methanol extract of pod showed good antibacterial activity against E. coli. On in vitro egg hatch assay, >90% inhibition of egg embryonation was observed by both methanol (@ 0.31 to 5.00 mg/ml) and hydroalcohol (@ 1.25 to 5.00 mg/ml) extracts of bark. Except for the aqueous extract, all other extracts caused >95% egg hatch inhibition at a concentration of 0.63 to 10.00 mg/ml. Among extracts of pods, only hydroalcohol extract (@ 5.00 to 10.00 mg/ml) caused >90% inhibitory activity on egg embryonation; however, at similar concentrations, all the extracts showed >98% inhibition of egg hatching. On larval mortality assay, all the extracts (except aqueous) showed excellent (100%) larvicidal activity at 0.63 to 10.00 mg/ml concentrations. The results indicated that A. excelsa bark and pods have higher antioxidant, antibacterial activity against E. coli and anthelmintic activities against infective larvae of H. contortus.

Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic effect of different crude extracts of Citrus sinensis (orange) and Citrus nobilis (mandarin) fruit peel. In vitro free radical scavenging activity of the different extracts was determined by the 2,2-azino bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) method. In vitro anthelmintic activity of different extracts was assessed against Haemonchus contortus by egg hatch assay (EHA) and larval mortality assay (LMA). C. sinensis had higher antioxidant activity as compared to C. nobilis. Poor embryonicidal effect was observed on H. contortus eggs by extracts of C. sinensis fruit peel. However, acetone extract of C. nobilis peel (@ 10 mg/ml) exhibited excellent embryonicidal effect (>90%). Though all the extracts of C. sinensis (except ethanol extract) and C. nobilis (except methanol extract) showed excellent inhibition of egg hatching at a minimum concentration of 0.15 mg/ml, among all the extracts acetone and hydroalcohol extracts were found to be the best for inhibition of egg hatching. In larval mortality assay, all the extracts of both fruit peels exhibited marked larvicidal activity at a minimum concentration of 0.63 mg/ml. The results indicated that acetone extract of both C. sinensis and C. nobilis fruit peels has potent ovicidal activity while all the extracts possessed larvicidal properties against H. contortus that need to be investigated in vivo for the management of this parasite.