"Wiertelnicy" - those were City officers appointed by the City Council to oversee the construction industry in the old Krakow. Preserved in the state Archives are the City books of records that contain minutes and rapports regarding the activities of the "Wiertelnics" - often referred to as the "construction police" or as it probably would be more adequate the old-time city engineers. The "wiertelnics" conducted site reviews. The preserved documentation of their activities such as divisions and subdivisions of real property; preformed estimates of value of real property; damage assessment (particularly, as it was pertaining to border or division walls, and prescription of construction works that were necessary to ensure building and construction safety constitutes an very important source of historic documentation in regard to city engineering as it allows to follow not only the history of the physical constructions of buildings and dwellings themselves, but also the technology and technical solutions i.e. plumbing or other necessary adaptations needed by particular workshops or craftsmen's sites. It can be observed that some solutions that were used by the owners of the buildings were frequently cost driven and consequently of a very provisory nature. Later on, much greater investments were necessary to avoid imminent "construction catastrophes". The information contained in the City public records of the "Wiertelnic's Deeds" give also some insights that are not directly related to the construction requirements or activities themselves, but were the predominant factors that determined the physical shape of the building or a site.

Important information about pre-Columbian Amazonian settlement and economy provide Amazonian Dark Earths (ADE), black or brown soils characterized by the presence of charcoal in high concentrations, with highly elevated nutrients and organic matter and higher pH level. Usually ADE are related to large concentrations of ceramics, stone artifacts and animal remains. The main factor for the initiation of ADE formation was the long-lasted, fully sedentary pre-Columbian settlement. Its size and a form can be correlated with traces of historical human habitation. Thus, these sites can reflect the social organization of a specific group. Therefore, ADE studies can bring much valuable information concerning pre-Columbian settlement in Amazonia.

Turbiditic silty and sandy intercalations in the Turonian Variegated Shale from the Silesian Nappe (Polish Outer Carpathians) contain numerous sponge spicules among siliciclastic fine-grained particles. The highest amount of spicule admixture is nearly 50%. In such layers, they create spiculitic sublitharenite microfacies. Sponge spicules contain forms belonging mostly to the Lithistida group (97% of morphotypes), with small admixture of spicules from the Hexactinellidae group. Tetraclones with a high content of different types of triaenes dominate among desmas, what indicates the dominance of sponges from subfamily Tetracladina . Preservation state of spicules is generally poor. The Variegated Shale that consists the sponge spicules were accumulated in deep sea basin, below the calcium compensation depth. Most probably, the spicules derive from loose material accumulated earlier in various parts of the basin slopes, from which they were exhumed and again redeposited by turbidity currents during the Turonian.

This article presents the results of comprehensive research on ochre sediments from the Zabratowka, village near Rzeszow. Fourteen boreholes were drilled in the investigation area for visualization of geological structures and for collecting ground samples for further laboratory measurements. Geochemical, mineralogical and petrophysical analyses were carried out in laboratory and their results were correlated to prepare a geophysical interpretation model. Preliminary georadar surveys were conducted between boreholes to analyze the possibilities and limitations of this measurement technique used in outlining Carpathian ochre accumulations. Detailed three-dimensional georadar surveys were carried out in the selected area of the research site and the results of geophysical measurements were correlated with the information from boreholes and laboratory tests.

One-dimensional numerical modeling of hydrocarbon generation in profiles of Carboniferous source rocks was performed. These source rocks were located in the substratum of select areas in the central deep Rotligend Basin (Objezierze IG-1, Piła IG-1, Byczyna-1, Brześć Kujawski IG-1, Budziszewice IG-1 and Kutno-1). Carboniferous sediments of the central deep basin with a mean random vitrinite reflectance of 1.0-2.7%, generated significant amounts of methane, with low nitrogen content. Gas generation processes occurred mostly during the Mesozoic era particularly between Early Triassic to Late Jurassic periods and achieved kerogen transformation ratio (TR) values of 77-100%.

This paper presents a causal analysis of the most common errors occurring during recording and preliminary processing of well logs on both archival as well as current data obtained with Halliburton tools. The authors discuss the ways to identify and to correct these errors, under specific conditions. They present graphic examples of recording errors and the effects of their elimination. Examples of applying corrected standardized logs in petrophysical quantitative analysis involving determination of mineral composition, porosity and water saturation are provided by the authors. It is their opinion that the results of such analysis make it possible to generate reliable synthetic (theoretical) logs of density and interval transit time, which are useful input data in solving various geological problems related to hydrocarbon exploration, production and storage, to geothermal energy sources and many other issues.

Łodyna, Grabownica, Strachocina, Wankowa and Leszczowate oil fields are situated in the northern margin of the central Carpathian Depression, on both sides of so called Weglowka Unit and it’s prolongation to the East. Fieldwork and seismic section interpretations indicate multistage and complexity of process of closing basin and tectonic deformation. During the compression and oblique collision stage of the tectonic deformation southern margin of Weglowka horst was reactivated as a strike-slip fault and associated (with this strike-slip) flower structures were developed. The Weglowka intrabasinal ridge (horst) was cut in many places off and a few tectonic elements has been created. In front of the Silesian Unit thrust a footwall shortening is visible. The whole area of these oil fields is apparently connected with reactivated tectonic zone, southern margin of formerly intrabasinal Weglowka ridge. In the last stage of deformation some thrust and strike-slip structures were reactivated as a normal faults (posttectonic collapse structures). Immaturity of the Menilite Beds in this region suggests a lack of relationship between the local oil and Menilite Beds and indicates migration origin of local oil. A lots of tectonic melange zones developed in this area play important role in petroleum system creating open or closed geochemical system – in some cases they are migration paths for gas and oil. However, main migration paths in this seems to be deep rooted, reactivated, normal faults normal to the strike of main tectonic elements, probably inherited from syncollisional extension stage.

Tracing facies and saturation with hydrocarbon along sedimentary beds is one of Seismic's most important objectives. The application of simple seismic modeling for the interpretation of low resolution seismic data is presented. This method confirmed the possibility to trace changes in Main Dolomite (Ca2) development and to detect, comparatively small to the seismic resolution, hydrocarbon traps.

The results from the mathematical operations of filtration and interpolation are presented for dynamic elastic parameters such as P-wave slowness and S-wave slowness, Young modulus and Poisson ratio. The parameters were obtained by interpreting acoustic full waveforms using FalaFWS application of GeoWin system and based on calculations using the Estymacja program. The subject of the analysis were the results obtained from various lithostratigraphic formations in several Polish Lowland's borehole profiles sampled from surface to a depth of more than 5 km. The goal was to scale well log data of a high vertical resolution for seismic purposes. Average values of the elastic parameters were presented for units derived out of geological interpretation. The analysis also included calculation of the Q parameter, which is a measure of energy dispertion of elastic waves in a rock formation.