This article deals with a calling issue of sustainable development in regions with mining industries. The authors developed an algorithm and presented the architecture of a software system for automated remote monitoring of man-made land problems. It is based on comprehensive application of modern machine training methods, specifically self-supervised learning (Dino, MAE, MoCo) and the Vision Transformer architecture for the analysis of multispectral satellite imagery from open sources (Sentinel, Landsat). The proposed solution automates the entire data management cycle from gathering and preprocessing to segmentation of objects (quarries, waste heaps), area measurement, and time-series analysis of spectral indices, such as the normalized difference vegetation (NDVI) and the normalized difference water (NDWI) ones, which serve as indicators of vegetation cover and water body condition, respectively. The system is integrated with GIS via a QGIS module, and its functionality is accessible via an API, ensuring easy use and integration into existing workflows. The proposed approach provides increased efficiency and accuracy of monitoring, making a basis for informed management decisions in the area of rational employing natural- and subsoil resources

The technology of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is a unique method for monitoring changes of the Earth`s surface. This method is based on using satellite radar systems which emit radio waves and measure the time it takes them to travel to the Earth`s surface and back to the satellite. InSAR technologies enable measuring micro-displacements of the Earth`s surface and man-made structures, and allow detecting early signs of developing deformation processes for decision-making and preventing catastrophic consequences caused by them. The authors discuss application of D-InSAR and PS-InSAR technologies for locating and assessing deformations of an artificial runway at an operational civil aerodrome. Strain areas were defined through making ground observations, comparing the results of trigonometric leveling and the data obtained with the help of InSAR technologies. The maximum deformation value identified in this way reaches 94 mm and correlates with subsidence information using InSAR technologies – up to 120 mm

The authors present the results of satellite images texture analysis for geological mapping in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation, where field surveys are complicated by challenging logistics and harsh climate conditions. We examined approaches to interpretation of satellite data based on geological spectral indices and morphometric terrain parameters. Special attention is paid to advanced texture analysis methods, particularly the Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM), which enabled identifying structural anomalies caused by tectonic disturbances and mineralogical properties. As a case study, the Pavlovskoye lead-and-zinc deposit (Novaya Zemlya isles, RF) was analyzed using Sentinel-2 data. Seven GLCM features were calculated, their spatial distribution was examined, and principal component analysis was performed, allowing for detection of tectonic structures. The research showed the potential of texture analysis for geological mapping and identifying promising mineralization zones in the remote and hard-to-access regions of the Arctic

The authors discuss the arrangement of the regional specially protected natural territories system in Russia, as well as possible ways to solve this matter. Legislation concerning to the point is considered in detail. Statistical data on the number of such territories in the context of federal districts and the amount of information entered into the Unified State Register of Real Estate are presented. Due to the positive result of experiments held in the Tver oblast and the Komi Republic (both RF subjects), the elements of forming the above mentioned system are shown. As a result of the analysis, the main directions of the described process are formulated. The research is of great practical significance for the state authorities in the RF entities and environmental protection structures. The formulated main directions of forming the said system represent a roadmap; its implementation will contribute to improving the efficiency of protecting valuable ecosystems, preserving biodiversity, ensuring sustainable development of territories and improving all the protected areas of Russia

The authors study the approaches to selecting the type of state reference system, the fundamental features, and the advantages of using their different kinds. A scheme is presented for implementing conversion from various coordinate systems to the state one, the GSK-2011, in which the latter acts as dynamic. The software implementation of the data transformation, taking into account the movement of the Earth`s crust and including its model constructed for the territory of the Russian Federation is described. Developed by the authors it is used to calculate the coordinates of points in the GSK-2011 system for different observation epochs. The results of the software verification are presented, and their comparison with various services and catalogs is carried out. The analysis of the results for points belonging to different lithospheric plates shows the greatest differences in the determined coordinates for Okhotsk (the Okhotsk Sea) lithospheric plate

The authors present an algorithm for determining the boundaries and profiles of snow avalanches’ paths, required to calculate their dynamic parameters. This data (release areas, inclination of release and transit zones), as well as resulting avalanches’ velocities and run-out distances, obtained through digital elevation models presented by various sources (ArcticDEM, ASTER GDEM, ALOS DEM, FABDEM), are compared with each other and DEM from laser scanning data as well as those constructed with the help of topographic maps and plans.The latter are traditionally used for statistical modeling of avalanche parameters in engineering surveys. The simulation results are verified by the data provided in the passports of the registered avalanche events. The tool for the ArcGIS GIS package was written in Python. The outcome is a text with the required characteristics, as well as a set of the avalanche paths’ individual components vector files. FABDEM was found to be the optimal digital model from the existing ones for such calculations. The best resolution of digital models was found to be 2,5–5 m

The article deals with a key challenge in Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA), lacking a unified approach to describing land cover classes, which leads to ambiguity and low reproducibility of results. To solve this problem, a unified framework for describing land cover classes was proposed; it provides a connection between the EAGLE semantic model and the interpretation features computed in the Trimble eCognition environment. The methodology is based on creating a two-component system

The monitoring of oil palm trees using various technologies, methods, and software is conducted to replace the traditional techniques that are less effective. In this study, an analysis was conducted on the automatic detection results of oil palm trees to determine the estimated height of the trees. The trees were automatically extracted and calculated using eCognition Developer and eCognition Oil Palm Application (OPA) with the Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) algorithm on three sample areas: homogeneous, semi- homogeneous, and heterogeneous. The performance test of the two software on the three samples showed that the detection accuracy reached more than 80%. The automatic detection results were used to calculate the tree height using the Canopy Height Model (CHM). The Root Mean Square error (RMSe) was calculated for all centroid samples to evaluate the accuracy of the tree position detection and as a basis for determin- ing the height. The RMSe position result of eCognition OPA was lower than that of eCognition Developer. The RMS values for the homogeneous; semi-homogeneous; and heterogeneous areas were 0.8149; 0.7772; and 0.02118 for eCognition OPA, respectively, which are lower than the values of 0.7718; 0.9044; and 1.0517 for eCognition Developer, this indicates better estimated tree height results.

The small bodies of the Solar System have unique individual shapes that need to be considered when selecting an approximating mathematical reference surface and subsequent mapping. The authors examine the problem of choosing an appropriate ellipsoid for mapping binary celestial bodies, typically formed by the merging of two previously separate objects. Their complex “dumbbell” or “bean” shape previously led to the idea of mapping them as two separate celestial objects. However, a quantitative assessment of how well they are approximated by two reference surfaces versus a single one has not been conducted yet. We propose an analytical approach based on comparing the mathematical statistics of the height distribution relative to a triaxial ellipsoid on raster digital elevation model images, for mapping using one versus two reference surfaces. The object is the asteroid 25143 Itokawa, which had previously been considered a body with a less pronounced binary shape and approximated by a single ellipsoid