Background: The pumpkin, a very well-edible plant that is a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, has long been utilised as a functional food and an herbal remedy. Pumpkins include a wealth of phytoestrogens, unsaturated fatty acids, and vitamin E in their seeds that may have medicinal, nutritional, and cosmetic benefits. In recent years, knowledge of the nutritional benefits and medicinal uses of pumpkin seeds has grown significantly. An abundant source of nutrients and a well-known multipurpose food, pumpkin has recently given scientists fresh insights. Primary and secondary metabolites, such as carbohydrates, proteins, monounsaturated fatty acids, poly saturated fatty acids, carotenoids, tocopherols, tryptophan, delta-7-sterols, & numerous other phytochemicals, are abundant in the pumpkin fruit, including the meat, seed, and peel. Objective: In this review, the nutraceutical importance of pumpkin's seed anti-diabetic, hypoglycemic, cardiovascular preventive and anti-cancer effects are explored along with the nutraceutical effects of anti-depressants, anti-helminthic and anti-oxidants effects are involved. Methods: A comprehensive analysis of the literature search was conducted. A number of databases have been searched using the common terms "pumpkin,", "pumpkin seeds", "cucurbita,", "functional food", "phenolic compounds", "minerals,", and "phytochemicals" using PubMed and Google Scholar as search engines. The content was based on information from publications like Bentham Science, Elsevier, Taylor & Francis, Nature, Plos One, etc. We have focused on the review and research papers published between 2000 and 2023. Result: Meanwhile, some research gaps on the biological activities of pumpkin seeds and their potential as a functional food element have been discovered in the current literature. The pharmacokinetics of Pumpkin seeds bioactives and the characterization and identification of functional molecules have received very little attention in the literature. It is necessary to conduct more studies to connect the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of Pumpkin seeds. Conclusion: The therapeutic benefits of pumpkin seeds & the potential disease-preventing mechanisms are updated in this review article, also on the chemical make-up, nutritional value, phytochemical research, pharmacological characteristics, bioavailability, food use, & industrial applications of pumpkin.

Elaeocarpus ganitrus, also known as Rudraksha, is a member of the Elaeocarpaceae family and has a long history of antidepressant and antibacterial benefits against various illnesses. Elaeocarpus ganitrus has been used in Unani and Ayurveda medicine as an antidepressant, an antibiotic, and as an external treatment for mental disease, epilepsy, liver discomfort, and stomach pain. In addition, it is used to treat a variety of other conditions, including hepatic diseases, dyspepsia, skin infections, blood purification, asthma, tumors, and wounds. Their biological effects include their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anticancer, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, antifertility, antibacterial, and antidepressant properties. To further explore the trends and perspectives for future research, a thorough discussion of Elaeocarpus ganitrus' taxonomic classification, traditional uses, botanical description, phytochemical components, pharmacology, and safety aspects is required.

Numerous factors impact the mortality and functional abilities of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). We aimed to determine the mortality rate at 1 year of MHD, identify predictors of mortality, and assess functional impairments concerning activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental ADL (IADL). Our study was prospective, observational cohort study that enrolled patients receiving MHD. We collected demographic, clinical, and laboratory data. We also assessed ADLs and IADLs for daily performance. Our study included 167 patients with a mean age of 51.6 ± 13.1years, and 56.9% were male. Of these, 80 (47.9%) were diabetic, and 145 (86.8%) were hypertensive. The mortality rate after 1year of MHD was 10.8%, and cardiovascular causes accounted for over 70% of total deaths. Sudden cardiac death was the most frequent cause (38.9%), followed by cardiogenic shock (22.2%). Older age and low parathormone levels (<300 pg/mL) were significantly associated with higher mortality rates. Mean ADL and IADL scores were 4.5 ± 1.3 and 6.3 ± 2.7, respectively. Eighteen (10.8%) and 56 (33.5%) patients had low ADL and IADL scores, respectively. Although statistically insignificant, a higher proportion of non-survivors exhibited low IADL and ADL scores. Older age, longer diabetes duration, and higher BMI levels were significantly associated with lower IADL scores. Older age and suppressed PTH levels are predictors of mortality in ESRD patients receiving MHD. These patients require regular follow-ups to rule out cardiovascular morbidity. Functional impairment is prevalent but remains underdiagnosed in MHD patients. It should be monitored regularly to improve quality of life in ESRD.

Treatment of latent pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in household contacts has been included in the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program to achieve the target of TB elimination by the Government of India by 2025. However, there are no clear estimates of the prevalence of latent TB among the contacts that could suggest the impact of this intervention. The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of and factors predicting latent TB among household contacts with pulmonary TB. All microbiologically confirmed pulmonary TB patients registered between January 2020 and July 2021 and their household contacts were enrolled. All contacts underwent Mantoux testing to determine the prevalence of latent TB. All symptomatic patients also underwent chest radiographs and sputum examinations to diagnose active pulmonary TB. Thereafter, different demographic and clinical factors were evaluated to find predictors of latent TB using a logistic regression model. A total of 118 pulmonary TB cases and their 330 household contacts were enrolled. The prevalence of latent TB and active TB among the contacts was found to be 26.36% and 3.03%, respectively. The female gender of index TB cases was independently associated with a high proportion of latent TB cases in the family (adjusted odds ratio 2.32; 95% confidence interval 1.07-5.05; p=0.03). Neither the higher sputum smear positivity nor the severity of the chest radiograph of index TB cases had any association with the number of contacts being diagnosed as latent TB or active TB. The results showed a significant prevalence of latent TB among household contacts with pulmonary TB. The severity of the disease in the index patient had no association with the prevalence of latent TB.

The ever-growing number of articles related to full-endoscopic spine surgery published in the last few decades presents a challenge which is perplexing and time-consuming in identifying the current research status. The study aims to identify and analyze the most cited works related to full-endoscopic decompression spine surgery, compare the articles published by different publishers and area, and show the current publication status of full-endoscopic research. Using Bibliometrix, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer, we analyzed the bibliometric data selected from the Web of Science database between 1992 and 2022. Spine has the highest H-index with the most-cited journal in the field of full-endoscopic decompression spine surgery. China ranked as the most productive country, whereas the most cited with high H-index papers came from South Korea. For the author analysis, Yeung AT, Ruetten S, Hoogland T, Ahn Y, Choi G, and Mayer HM were the most impactful authors in the global and local citations. The most productive organization is Wooridul Spine Hospital. The bibliometric study showed a growing trend of research on full-endoscopic decompression spine surgery over the past 30 years. It has demonstrated that there is a significant increase in the number of authors, institutions, and internationally collaborated countries. However, the quality of studies is still low, and the lack of high-quality clinical evidence and the trend of general journal submissions has somewhat affected the quality of endoscopy journals in recent years.

The early career professionals in the field of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) face unique challenges and hurdles while establishing their careers in the field. The Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) has expanded the role of the early career section within the society to foster the careers of future CMR leaders. This paper aims to describe the obstacles and available opportunities for the early career CMR professionals worldwide. Societal opportunities and actions targeted at the professional advancement of the early career CMR imagers are needed to ensure continuous growth of CMR as an imaging modality globally.

Biochanin-A (5,7 dihydroxy 4 methoxy isoflavone) is a phytochemical phytoestrogen that is highly effective against various diseases. Biochanin-A is a nutritional and dietary isoflavonoid naturally present in red clover, chickpea, soybeans and other herbs. Biochanin- A possesses numerous biological activities. The study focused on collective data of therapeutic activities of Biochanin-A. According to the literature, biochanin-A revealed a range of activities starting from chemoprevention, by hindering cell growth, activation of tumor cell death, hampering metastasis, angiogenic action, cell cycle regulation, neuroprotection, by controlling microglial activation, balancing antioxidants, elevating the neurochemicals, suppressing BACE-1, NADPH oxidase hindrance to inflammation, by mitigating the MAPK and NF- κB, discharge of inflammatory markers, upregulating the PPAR-γ, improving the function of heme oxygenase-1, erythroid 2 nuclear factors, detoxifying the oxygen radicals and stimulating the superoxide dismutase action, and controlling its production of transcription factors. Against pathogens, biochanin-A acts by dephosphorylating tyrosine kinase proteins, obstructing gram-negative bacteria, suppressing the development of cytokines from viruses, and improving the action of a neuraminidase cleavage of caspase-3, and acts as an efflux pump inhibitor. In metabolic disorders, biochanin-A acts by encouraging transcriptional initiation and inhibition, activating estrogen receptors, and increasing the activity of differentiation, autophagy, inflammation, and blood glucose metabolism. Therefore, biochanin-A could be used as a therapeutic drug for various pathological conditions and treatments in human beings.

Identification of molecular regulators of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initiation and progression is not well understood. We chemically induced HCC in male Wistar rats by administration of diethyl nitrosamine (DEN) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AFF). Using 2D-electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF-MS/MS analyses, we characterized differentially expressed proteins in liver tissues at early stage of HCC progression. Using RT-PCR analysis, we quantified the mRNA expression of the characterized proteins and validated the transcript expression with tumor tissues of clinically confirmed HCC patients. Using bioinformatic tools, we analyzed a network among the introduced proteins that identified their interacting partners and analyzed the molecular mechanisms associated with signaling pathways during HCC progression. We characterized a protein, namely, pre-mRNA splicing factor 1 homolog (ISY1), which is upregulated at both transcriptome and proteome levels at HCC initiation, progression, and tumor stages. We analyzed the interacting partners of ISY1, namely, APOA-1, SYNE1, MMP10, and MTG1. Real-time PCR analysis confirmed elevated expression of APOA-1 mRNA at HCC initiation, progression, and tumor stages in animals undergoing tumorigenesis. The mRNA expression of the interacting partners was validated with tumor tissues of clinically confirmed liver cancer patients; the analysis revealed significant elevation in expression of transcripts. The transcriptome and proteome analyses complement each other and dysregulation in mRNA and protein expression of these regulators may play critical role in HCC initiation and progression.

IntroductionLarge-scale Indian data on the use of anti-T-lymphocyte globulin (ATLG) (Grafalon®) as induction therapy in kidney transplantation (KT) patients is lacking. The aim of this study was to determine the 1-year patient and graft survival outcomes with the use of ATLG as induction regimen in KT.MethodsIn a prospective, multicentric, observational study, adult patients who underwent ABO-compatible KT and had received ATLG as a part of induction were included in the study. The primary outcome measure was overall survival and death-censored graft survival at 12 months. The primary safety outcome was assessed by development of infectious complications and graft rejection.ResultsIn total, 359 patients were included in this study. The mean age was 42.77 ± 12.30 years and 83% were male. The average ATLG dose per patient was 6.2 ± 2.2 mg/kg whereas average cumulative dose per patient was 389.6 ± 149.8 mg. The rate of graft dysfunction was 13.4% of patients and 6.7% had biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR). There were a total of 12 (3.3%) deaths and one graft loss. Overall survival and death-censored graft survival at 12 months were 96.65% and 99.44%, respectively. The rate of infections was 13.6% with urinary tract infections being most common.ConclusionATLG at an average dose of 6 mg/kg is an effective and safe induction regimen immunosuppressant for ABO-compatible KT with favourable impact on survival and graft function in Indian patients.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12325-022-02225-y.

Introduction: Nowadays it is rare to nd giant ovarian cysts as they are diagnosed and managed early due to easy access to the good imaging modalities. Traditionally the treatment modality is conventional midline laparotomy. Here we present a case of laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy with keeping the healthy ovarian stroma intact in a case of bilateral giant dermoid ovarian cyst. A 27-year-old unmarried womanCase Report: presented with the symptoms of progressive abdominal distension over 6 months and vague abdominal pain of 1week duration. There was no history of bowel/bladder disturbances, loss of weight/appetite, no history of menstrual irregularities. No relevant medical and surgical history but on Preoperative work up she was diagnosed with hypothyroidism. On per abdominal examination a 22 to 24-week size rm non-tender mass with smooth surface was palpable. Upper and lateral borders well dened. Lower border not felt. There was restricted transverse mobility and no bruit over mass with no ascites. On Ultrasonography revealed suspicion of Dermoid cyst with suspected torsion. Uterus—anteverted, normal size. No free uid seen. CECT of the abdomen and pelvis conrmed Multiple bilateral ovarian dermoids (Left&gt; Right). She was then taken up for laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy. Left Ovarian mass around 24-week size and the right ovarian mass was 10X12 cm. in size. Her histopathology report revealed the presence of bilateral dermoid ovarian cyst. After exclusion of possibility of malignancy with normal tumor markerConclusion: prole and appearance on imaging modalities, it is possible to manage giant ovarian cyst laparoscopically.