In previous studies, we developed a hydrogel formulation containing silibinin-loaded pomegranate oil nanocapsules (HG-NCSB) that had improved in vivo anti-inflammatory action in comparison to non-encapsulated silibinin. To determine skin safety and whether the nanoencapsulation influences silibinin skin permeation, NCSB skin cytotoxicity, HG-NCSB permeation in human skin, and a biometric study with healthy volunteers were conducted. The formulation of nanocapsules was prepared by the preformed polymer method while the HG-NCSB was obtained by thickening the suspension of nanocarriers with gellan gum. The cytotoxicity and phototoxicity of nanocapsules were assessed in Keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblast (HFF-1) using the MTT assay. The hydrogels were characterized regarding the rheological, occlusive, and bioadhesive properties, and silibinin permeation profile in human skin. The clinical safety of HG-NCSB was determined by cutaneous biometry in healthy human volunteers. NCSB yielded better cytotoxicity results than the blank nanocapsules (NCPO). NCSB did not cause photocytotoxicity, while NCPO and the non-encapsulated substances (SB and pomegranate oil) were phototoxic. The semisolids presented non-Newtonian pseudoplastic flow, adequate bioadhesiveness, and low occlusive potential. The skin permeation demonstrated that HG-NCSB retained a higher SB amount in the outermost layers than HG-SB. In addition, HG-SB reached the receptor medium and had a superior concentration of SB in the dermis layer. In the biometry assay, there was no significant cutaneous alteration after the administration of any of the HGs. Nanoencapsulation promoted greater SB retention in the skin, averted percutaneous absorption, and made the topical use of SB and pomegranate oil safer.

The article presented here brings considerations about interdisciplinarity situated in the context of teacher education. The relevance of interdisciplinarity stems from the possibility for teachers to review their pedagogical practice, based on a new look at their work and the objects that are proposed for their study, thus, it can be considered that interdisciplinarity is an essential tool for training teacher insofar as it allows a vision of totality in relation to objects. The guiding question of the study is the following: How can interdisciplinarity influence teaching practice?. In this study, the proposed objective was to reflect on interdisciplinarity in the context of teacher education. The methodology used was bibliographical research, with a qualitative approach, where dialogue was carried out with the following authors Japiassu (1976), Fazenda (2008, 2010), Guimarães (2008), Miranda (2008), Yared (2008), Azevedo (2008), Canário (2007), Day (2001), Gatti (2016), Nóvoa (1992) and Pryjma and Winkeler (2014) among others. This theoretical study was relevant because it considers transdisciplinarity an important component of teaching.

Cyber risk profoundly affects all. In the context of cyber threats, malware is trending in various productive sectors. Nowadays, anti-malware is essential to combat cyber threats; however, their efficiency is often questioned, because malware is different for different regions in the world. Choosing an efficient anti-malware software solution is crucial to protect information from different institutions. The method confirmed the reality of evaluating the different known methodologies, showing another scenario of the efficiency of the different testers. The method allowed visualizing an interesting panorama because 50% of malware collected on the Brazilian Internet was detected by anti-malware commercially available in Brazil.

The intrauterine environment is a critical location for exposure to exogenous and endogenous factors that trigger metabolic changes through fetal programming. Among the external factors, chemical compounds stand out, which include caffeine, since its consumption is common among women, including during pregnancy. Thereby, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the behavioral, genetic, and biochemical parameters in the offspring of female mice treated with caffeine during pregnancy and lactation. Swiss female mice (60 days old) received tap water or caffeine at 0.3 or 1.0 mg/mL during copulation (7 days), pregnancy (21 days) and lactation (21 days). After the end of the lactation period, the offspring were divided into groups (water, caffeine 0.3 or 1.0 mg/mL) with 20 animals (10 animals aged 30 days and 10 animals aged 60 days per group per sex). Initially, the offspring were submitted to behavioral tasks and then euthanized for genetic and biochemical analysis in the brain (cortex, striatum, and hippocampus). Behavioral changes in memory, depression, and anxiety were observed in the offspring: 30-day-old female offspring at 1.0 mg /mL dose presented anxiogenic behavior and male offspring the 0.3 mg/mL dose at 30 days of age did not alter long-term memory. Furthermore, an increase in DNA damage and oxidative stress in the brain were observed in the offspring of both sexes. Furthermore, there were changes in Ape-1, BAX, and Bcl-2 in the female offspring hippocampus at 30 days of life. Thus, with this study, we can suggest genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and behavioral changes caused by caffeine during pregnancy and lactation in the offspring that were not treated directly, but received through their mothers; thus, it is important to raise awareness regarding caffeine consumption among pregnant and lactating females.

To examine the accuracy of a short version of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) in predicting caries treatment need for children. The study is a validation study using data from three previously published cross-sectional studies. Participants were children with different dentitions from Kuwait, Brazil, and Spain. Children were clinically examined using ICDAS criteria. Children were classified into preventive, non-operative, and operative categories. Sensitivity and specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to measure the discriminative and diagnostic accuracy of the proposed short version of ICDAS compared to the full ICDAS. Clinical dental examination data from a total of 3076 children aged 1-15years were used. The proposed short ICDAS and the full ICDAS showed a very good agreement on caries treatment need determination with Kappa scores of more than 0.833 in all dentitions. The short ICDAS showed excellent operating characteristics in all dentitions. The area under the ROC was more than 90% in primary dentition, 89% in permanent dentition, and 86% in mixed dentition in different populations. Lowest area under ROC and sensitivity values were observed when discriminating between non-operative and operative treatment categories. The proposed short version of the ICDAS showed good diagnostic accuracy in classifying children according to their caries treatment need. By reducing the number of surfaces examined and the time needed for clinical assessment, the short version of the ICDAS is a convenient alternative to the full ICDAS to be used in community settings.

The synthesis of 3-alkyl-5-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamides, 3-alkyl5-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-1-thiocarboxamides, and 2-(3-alkyl-5-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol1-yl)-thiazoles derivatives are reported. [3 + 2] cyclocondensations for a series of long alkyl chain 1,1,1-trifluoro-4-methoxyalk-3-en-2-ones and semicarbazide or thiosemicarbazide were carried out in ethanol, an eco-friendly medium. The series of trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-ylthiocarboxamide following a [3 + 2] cyclocondensation with 2-bromoacetophenone were converted into two series of 2-(3-alkyl-5-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-thiazoles. Good yields (69-96%) of the isolated products were obtained. The structures of the new long alkyl chain 1H-pyrazoles and 2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)thiazoles were characterized using 1 H, 13C, and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (ESI MS/MS) data. Moreover, some of the products were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative Escherichia coli American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 35218, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15692; and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA clinical isolate), Streptococcus sp. (clinical isolate), and Candida albicans ATCC 14053 and Candida krusei ATCC 6258 fungi. All the tested 1H-pyrazoles exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activities at the tested concentrations. The compounds from series 4 were found to be powerful against MRSA.

This article aims to examine the genesis of the intuition of the other and how the formation of the transcendental community occurs, that is, to investigate the issue of intersubjectivity in Husserl. Phenomenology evokes the primacy of eidetic study, taking essences to the highest level of purity intentionally. In the phenomenological reductive system, the ego can rigorously explain itself and reveal to itself its structure of the possibility of knowledge. It is shown that, Husserl, in order not to fall into solipsism, adopts a new perspective of approach to the reductive system (abstract epoché), which allows identifying the transcendental structures of the relations with other subjects. It is evident that, when intending the other, in the transcendental perspective, the self is faced with a pure structure of connection, which allows it to constitute a common world, that is, the sense of collectivity. Therefore, phenomenology, now provides, from new bases, the constitution of the transcendental self and its concrete reality, as a monad, and when describing the issue of intersubjectivity, as a community of subjects, as the foundation of transcendence, it emancipates itself from solipsism and complete the reductive system.

The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and photobiomodulation (PBMT) on the cardiovascular parameters, hemodynamic function, arterial baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and autonomic balance (ANS) of rats with heart failure (HF). Male Wistar rats (220-290 g) were organized into five groups: Sham (n = 6), Control-HF (n = 5), NMES-HF (n = 6), PBMT-HF (n = 6), and NMES + PBMT-HF (n = 6). Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced by left coronary artery ligation. Animals were subjected to an eight-week NMES and PBMT protocol. Statistical analysis included the General Linear Model (GLM) followed by a Bonferroni post-hoc test. Rats of the NMES-HF group showed a higher MI area than the Control-HF (P = 0.003), PBMT-HF (P = 0.002), and NMES + PBMT-HF (P = 0.012) groups. NMES-HF and NMES + PBMT-HF showed higher pulmonary congestion (P = 0.004 and P = 0.02) and lower systolic pressure (P = 0.019 and P = 0.002) than the Sham group. NMES + PBMT-HF showed lower mean arterial pressure (P = 0.02) than the Sham group. Control-HF showed a higher heart rate than the NMES-HF and NMES + PBMT-HF (P = 0.017 and P = 0.013) groups. There was no difference in the BRS and ANS variables between groups. In conclusion, eight-week NMES isolated or associated with PBMT protocol reduced basal heart rate, systolic and mean arterial pressure, without influence on baroreflex sensibility and autonomic control, and no effect of PBMT was seen in rats with HF.

Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is caused by a severe deficiency in the branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase complex activity. Patients MSUD accumulate the branched-chain amino acids leucine (Leu), isoleucine, valine in blood, and other tissues. Leu and/or their branched-chain α-keto acids are linked to neurological damage in MSUD. When immediately diagnosed and treated, patients develop normally. Inflammation in MSUD can elicit a metabolic decompensation crisis. There are few cases of pregnancy in MSUD women, and little is known about the effect of maternal hyperleucinemia on the neurodevelopment of their babies. During pregnancy, some intercurrences like maternal infection or inflammation may affect fetal development and are linked to neurologic diseases. Lipopolysaccharide is widely accepted as a model of maternal inflammation. We analyzed the effects of maternal hyperleucinemia and inflammation and the possible positive impact the use of ibuprofen in Wistar rats on a battery of physics (ear unfolding, hair growing, incisors eruption, eye-opening, and auditive channel opening) and neurological reflexes (palmar grasp, surface righting, negative geotaxis, air-righting, and auditory-startle response) maturation parameters in the offspring. Maternal hyperleucinemia and inflammation delayed some physical parameters and neurological reflexes, indicating that both situations may be harmful to fetuses, and ibuprofen reversed some settings.