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COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN THE EARLY ADOLESCENCE

Abstract. "Teenager", a word that contains many kinds of impressions. Some people say that teenagers are a normal group, no different from other social groups. While some other parties consider teenagers as a group that often causes difficulties for parents. In addition to this opinion, there are also those who argue that youth is a potential that needs to be utilized. (Mappiare, 1982). However, the opinion of teenagers about his personality, then they will show a different impression. Some of them may speak of adults' indifference or indifference to their group. There are also those who will give the impression that their group is a minority with their own "world" and cannot be touched by their parents. Based on the impressions presented, it is very important that teenagers are a potential group to work with. This is because youth are a group that has responsibility for the nation and the future. In fact, in Indonesia, adolescent make up about a third of the total population. Especially in their youth, they have great vitality and patriotism. Thus, youth are the successors of the nation's hope. (Mappiare, 1982). Teenagers don't really belong. They are no longer included in the children's class, but are not yet fully accepted into the adult class. Adolescents are between children and adults. Therefore, adolescence is often called the period of "identity search" or the period of "storm, storm". However, adolescence is a developmental period that is currently in the potential of childhood, both cognitively, emotionally, and physically. (Hartinah, 2008). The rapid intellectual development of adolescents in the way of thinking allows them to integrate into adult society, but it is also the most prominent feature of all periods. Continuity of intellectual development makes teenagers able to think formally. This stage allows teens to think more abstractly, test assumptions, and consider the opportunities available to them rather than just seeing them for what they are. Intellectual ability like this is what distinguishes youth from previous times. In addition, the development of certain talents or interests among adolescents also begins to order and begins to decline based on factors that affect both themselves and their environment. All teenagers more or less have certain special interests that include various types. Intellectual development and special talents or interests are part of cognitive development that occurs in adolescents. This cognitive development affects a person's way of thinking, analyzing a problem, and a person's preferences for certain things.
 Keywords: Cognitive, Emotional, Psychological, Teen

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HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT INNOVATION IN CITIES

Abstract. Humanity is currently in deep sadness due to the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) which has hit almost all parts of the world. Indonesia spontaneously implemented policies of learning from home, working from home, and worshiping at home. One of the learning methods used by the Indonesian education system is online or the abbreviation for the network. Online or online is a learning method that is carried out online. While online courses are courses that are wholly or partly held online or online, using learning management. Learning methods used in the learning process affect student motivation or interest in participating in the learning process. Modifying the learning process so that it attracts student attention will increase student motivation to learn even in the conditions of the Covid 19 pandemic. This study used a pre-experimental design with a descriptive correlation design with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were all students at the University of Semarang. Sampling using the accidental sampling technique with 103 respondents and using t-test data analysis. Based on the influence test using the Paired sample T-test, it was found that the correlation of the Effect of Online Learning Methods on Student Learning Motivation had a significance of p = 0.000 <0.05. Thus it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of online learning methods on student motivation at the University of Semarang. Sampling using the accidental sampling technique with 103 respondents and using t-test data analysis. Based on the influence test using the Paired sample T-test, it was found that the correlation of the Effect of Online Learning Methods on Student Learning Motivation had a significance of p = 0.000 <0.05. Thus it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of online learning methods on student motivation at the University of Semarang. Sampling using the accidental sampling technique with 103 respondents and using t-test data analysis. Based on the influence test using the Paired sample T-test, it was found that the correlation of the Effect of Online Learning Methods on Student Learning Motivation had a significance of p = 0.000 <0.05. Thus it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of online learning methods on student motivation at the University of Semarang. Keywords: Online Learning, Motivation, Students, COVID 19

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IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SOCIODRAMA METHOD AS AN EFFORT IMPROVING HISTORY LEARNING OUTCOMES IN PROCLAMATION OF INDEPENDENCE MATERIALS

Abstract. The use of the Sociodrama learning method is a proposed solution to improve student learning outcomes in Social Sciences. To prove that this model can improve students' understanding, Classroom Action Research is carried out by carrying out the learning process with the Sociodrama method, which is carried out on students in class 9B SMPN 16 Bogor. The purpose of this study is to increase student motivation in learning, create a comfortable and happy atmosphere in the learning process, improve student learning outcomes and teacher skills in using various learning methods. This research was carried out in 2 cycles with activities consisting of (1) Planning, namely making learning tools (RPP), observation sheets, test questions, (2) Action (classroom teaching and learning), (3) Observation (assessment by collaborators during KBM) and (4) Reflection (discussing weaknesses and strengths during KBM between teaching teachers and collaborators). The data were obtained from the results of pre-test and post-test and assessment of collaborators/observers. The second cycle is carried out by re-practicing sociodrama which has been equipped with sociodrama scripts. Based on the data obtained from the results of this study, it proves that the use of the sociodrama method can improve student learning outcomes. It is proven by the class average value which at the beginning of 45.81 increased to 74.46. Because of this. Keywords: Sociodrama Method, History Learning Outcomes

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