Calorie restriction, a dietary regimen reducing energy intake without causing malnutrition, prolongs lifespan and exerts medical and health benefits such as lowering metabolic risk factors for chronic diseases and ameliorating chronic conditions. Intermittent fasting (IF), a type of calorie restriction regimen, has attracted particular attention as it is cost-effective and more accessible while exerting the same or even enhanced beneficial effects on health and disease in laboratory animals and humans. In this review, we focus on the protective effects of IF on several types of heart diseases including myocardial ischemic injury, age-related cardiac hypertrophy, doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and coronary heart disease risk factors. The findings summarized here implicate IF as a non-pharmacological, non-genetic preventive or therapeutic intervention for certain types of heart disease.

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the characteristics of the learning curve of the first trimester (FT) fetal heart scan and to determine the required number of ultrasound examinations for training sonographers to accurately assess the normal fetal heart at 11–13+6 weeks’ gestation, by means of 2D ultrasound. Methods: We selected four trainees (resident doctors) with theoretical knowledge and limited experience in FT/ST scan but without prior experience in performing first trimester fetal heart assessment. Each of them performed fetal heart ultrasound scanning in a cohort of 100 consecutive fetuses with normal heart during the routine nuchal translucency (NT scan), upon a pre-established protocol. The supervising doctor recorded if the sonographer succeeded in obtaining an informative 2D/2DC duplex sweep of the fetal heart. The time limit for scanning was 10 minutes. The data were analysed in three groups of examinations. Individual learning curves were delineated using moving average method. Results: For all the trainees, there was a positive relationship between the number of FT scans and the number of good quality acquired clips. Assessment of fetal structures in first trimester can be accurately achieved by an inexperienced trainee after scanning 50 cases on average. The operating time was stabilized after 80 cases in moving average analysis. Conclusion: Repeated scans increase ability to acquire good quality fetal heart sweep digital clips at the end of the first trimester of pregnancy. FT fetal heart ultrasound assessment is a relatively simple procedure to learn and, once a moderate degree of experience is gained, should be routinely incorporated into NT scan. Policymakers should decide safety studies in respect to FT Doppler use in order to generalize the technique. After an adequate training the heart assessment does not prolong the nuchal scan.

Introduction: Dental curriculum concentrated on hard skills which include theoretical and clinical knowledge only. Today the world realized the need for extra skills to have a competitive edge, which includes soft skills. They improve the performance and productivity. No dental teaching in India teaches soft skills to their under graduate students. To attain those skills one has to attend some extra training or course. Aims/Objectives: There are very few documented studies are available on the role of soft skills in dentistry. The present study was undertaken to assess the awareness of the knowledge, attitude and behaviour of dental personnel in 2 teaching dental institutes in Andhra Pradesh, towards role of Soft skills in Dentistry. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. Over a period 4 months from Oct 2016 to Jan 2017. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was given to a total of 431 dental personnel includes faculty, post graduate students, interns and undergraduate clinical students (both 3rd & 4th B.D.S). Statistics was analysed by SPSS software 19 version. Frequencies and percentages were calculated. Results: The survey forms were distributed in two dental teaching institutes to a total of 407 dental personnel, including 43 faculty, 83 post graduate students, 132 interns and 149 under graduate clinical students( 3rd & 4th BDS). Statistical analysis is done by SPSS software. Majority of the dental personnel were aware of hard skills but only few are really knows about soft skills. Conclusion: Due to the scientific nature of the curriculum, the technical skills are more focused in Dentistry. Many of the dental personnel’s including faculty not aware of the soft skills. All the dental teaching institutes need to incorporate the soft skills in their under graduate teaching curriculum. Regularly all the dental personnel need to attend some soft skills training.

Background: HIV/AIDS still remains a major public health problem all over the world. Skin is one of the innate, barriers for pathogens to enter and used as protective organ. its integrity is responsible in prevention of infection like HIV/AIDS. Barbers and beauty salons are cosmetic workers that undertake skin-piercing practices involving reusable sharp instruments, which present risks for transmission of HIV and other blood-borne pathogens. Barbers procedures can in advertently damage the skin through abrasion or minor accidental cuts. Simple nick caused by clipper or razor blade is enough for infection to occur. HIV transmission through sharing of non-sterile sharp instruments used for barbering, circumcision, facial scarification, incision, tattooing, ear perforation, bloodletting, injections and acupuncture have always been given less attention in the spread of HIV. Since it is necessary to assess on knowledge, attitude and practice with regard to the transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS among barbers and beauty salon workers. Objectives: This study attempts to assess barbers and beauty salons knowledge, attitude and practice regards to the transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS in Hossana town. Methods: Across-sectional study was conducted to assess on knowledge attitude and practice with regard to the transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS among barbers and beauty salons in their working place (barber shops) in Hossana town from January2-30, 2017.A semi-structured questionnaire and check list was used for data collection. The total budget used to conduct over all study was12846.5 Ethiopian birr. Result: From a total of 81 Barbers and Beauty salons participated in the study 50.6% were male. 54.3% were protestant and 29.6% orthodox. Regarding marital status 62.9% were single and 24.7% married with age distribution of 20-24 (45.6%), 25-29 (31%) and Educational status 74.1% secondary school and above. The major ethnic groups were Hadiya (51.8%) followed by Amhara 17.3%. Those that had taken training 31% confronted bleeding accidents due to cut or piercing during barbering 70.3%, clients coming with skin lesions on head in the previous two weeks 61.7%, barbers and beauty salons skin lesion on their hand in the previous two weeks 65.4%. Most of them use scissors 77.7% electrical shaver 49.4% and razor blades 39.5%. All of them herd about HIV/AIDS; 50.6% from media and 18.5% from Health professionals. On mode of Transmission they reported that 90% by unsterile injection, 85.5% by sex, 56.8% by kissing and 40.7% by Insect bite. Only 34.5% know that their professions expose them to HIV. Those using the same brush 81.4%, glove usage 9.8%, using soap for disinfection 53.1% using hand held flame for sterilization 23.4%.Frequency of disinfection were every session 28.4% and weekly 35.8%. Those dispose wastes and sharp objects to open field were 53%. Religious, income, age and using Mass media like T.V, radio were significant predictors associated with equipment’s Sterilization for each client served. Conclusion: This study has revealed that good knowledge and positive attitude towards Transmit ion and prevention of HIV/AIDS among Barbers and Beauty salons. But the barbering procedures in the study have the risk for HIV transmit ion through use of non-potent disinfection methods and improper handling of sharp instruments. Poor usage of glove, use of the same brush for each client and blade to scalp contacts in most of the sessions observed. Religious, income, age and using Mass media like T.V., radio were significant predictors associated with equipment’s Sterilization for each client served. Therefore barbers and beauty salons could serve as core group for indirect transition of HIV/AIDS. This should be of great concern to effectively control HIV/AIDS. Health Education strategies such as training, supportive supervision and peer education are needed to facilitate the adoption of effective precaution Measures against HIV infection among Barbers and Beauty salon workers.

In recent years, decrease in dentin bond strength of one-step self-etch adhesives after long-term water storage has been reported; however, the flat dentin surface of the extracted tooth has been used to carry out the bond strength tests in the majority of the previous studies. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the micro-tensile-bond-strength (μTBS) of three one-step self-etch adhesives and a two-step self-etch adhesive on the cavity floor dentin after 2.5 years storage in distilled water. Materials and Methods: Adhesives were used in this study: three one-step self-etch adhesives (Primefil, GBOND PLUS and Beauti Bond), and one two-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond), which was used as the control. Bowl-shaped cavities of extracted human incisors were treated with each adhesive and filled with each flowable resin composite from the same manufacturer. The specimens were stored in distilled water at room temperature for two and a half years. The beam samples were made and subjected to μTBS test using the tabletopmaterial- tester. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results: The μTBS value of G-BOND PLUS was higher than that of other adhesives; however, the results of ANOVA showed no significant differences in μTBS values among all adhesives. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between one-step and two-step on the bond strength of selfetch adhesives to the cavity dentin floor after a storage period of 2.5 year.

The broad-spectrum empiric antibiotic therapy recommended for sickle-cell fever can help to develop bacterial resistance. The purpose of this study is to explore and describe resistance phenotypes of isolated bacterial strains of urinary infections and bacteraemia among febrile children with sickle-cell anaemia. From April 2014 to March 2016, we collected 25 bacterial strains from febrile sickle-cell patients aged 6 months to 15 years. The strain was identified by a conventional standard procedure which includes morphological study, culture and biochemical characteristics of the strain followed by an automated method. Twenty-five (25) bacterial strains were isolated in 25 sickle cell children, comprising 17 SS, 3 SC and 5 S-thalassemia strains. These bacterial strains were isolated in urine (23/25 or 92%) and blood cultures. E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Serratia ficaria, Raoultella ornithinolytica, Pantoea spp. and Salmonella spp were isolated from urine and blood cultures respectively. All these isolated strains were Enterobacteria, with 56% (14/25) E. coli, 16% (4/25) Klebsiella pneumoniae, 8% (2/25) Salmonella group, 8% (2/25) Enterobacter spp, 4% (1/25) Serratia ficaria, 4% (1/25) Raoultella ornithinolytica, and 4% (1/25) Pantoea spp. More than half of the strains were isolated in female patients (19/25). The antibiogram revealed ESBL-producing strains (28% of 7/25) and Cephalosporinasis (8% or 2/25). The isolated strains showed 4% (1/25) resistance to all the aminoglycosides tested, whereas all the strains isolated from the blood cultures showed a wild phenotype. Resistance to quinolones associated with alteration of gyrA and parC genes was 4% (1/25) for all strains isolated from the blood and urine cultures. The resistance phenotypes of bacterial strains found in our study are variable. This study suggests that we should give more priority to other empirical antibiotherapies that use the molecules of the aminoglycosides and quinolones family for sickle cell children in our context than to those recommended elsewhere.

The review covers the recently published research regarding the assessment of congenital mullerian anomalies by means of 3-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound. It is a plea toward standardization, defining diagnostic criteria, specifying the diagnostic methods and screening on daily basis with 3D ultrasound for congenital uterine anomalies. Many debates surrounded the most appropriate approach of mullerian anomalies diagnosis. In congenital uterine anomalies 3D ultrasound is critical in reaching the correct diagnosis. Before the routine use of 3D scanning for uterine anomalies is recommended, research should be dedicated to reproducibility of the diagnosis of uterine abnormalities. “Volumetric criteria” for the diagnosis of female genital anomalies should probably be elaborated, because we still face the lack of agreement in regards to diagnostic standards. There is very limited information on the reproductive risk associated with an incidental diagnosis of congenital uterine anomaly and the true prevalence in general population in not known. In order to achieve this objective, a relatively large amount of data needs to be collected. Uterine anomalies being rare, this can only be achieved by establishing a wide international collaboration involving a large number of research centers. 3D ultrasound is the only diagnostic method available to facilitate such collaboration. By submitting the archived 3D volumes, the operator dependence, the subjective bias in the assessment of uterine morphology and the selection bias would be almost completely eliminated. 3D ultrasound represents the most major development in gynaecological ultrasound imaging, providing a unique, very different way of displaying ultrasound data.

Background: Patients have the right to expect quality of care. Providing quality of care in family planning services is an important task for care providers so as to increase services utilization and coverage. Research of Hospital based patient satisfaction on family planning service utilization is rare in some regions of Ethiopia. Both availability and quality of family planning services are believed to have contributed to increase contraceptive use and declining fertility rates in developing countries. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the client satisfaction on family Planning services utilization provided in wonji hospital, Oromia state, Ethiopia, 2016. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design will be used during the study period from September 1-October 30, 2016. All women of reproductive age group (15-49) who visit wonji hospital family planning unit with all service providers. During the study period were source populations. All family planning users and service providers who were available during the study period were taken as sample. The sampling technique employed is systematic sampling method. Data were collected by face to face interview and observation during the procedure done by using English version semi-structured questionnaire. The quality of data collection process will be monitored by giving clear instructions to the data collectors. The results of the study are summarized using tables and graphs. Result: A total of hundred female contraceptive users and five service providers included in this study. Thirty eight percent are illiterate, 83% were married, 49% are 21-30 years old and 66% are residence in town. The dominant numbers of the clients know family planning method. Injection 59 (59%) and oral contraceptive pills 22 (22%) are the most frequently used. About 45 (45%) of the client was got both information and service together. Among interviewed client 56 (56%) % of the clients have >30 min waiting time to get the service. Most of the client 59 (59%) didn’t get information on long term family planning. Almost 56 (55%) of client were not satisfied for family planning service given. For clients’ satisfaction waiting time, insufficient information with the service and not informing on long term family planning, marital status and education were found important factors. Conclusion: Client satisfaction on utilization of family planning service is low in Wonji hospital. Clients are informed well on short term contraceptives method than on long term. Method choices are generally limited to hormonal methods, injectable and oral contraceptive pill being dominant methods. Waiting time, insufficient information with the service and not informing on long term family planning, marital status and education are important factors affecting client satisfaction on family planning utilization. The health professionals have to improve client satisfaction on utilization of family planning services.