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Method to Study Potential‐Induced Degradation of Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules in an Inert Environment

The efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is advancing rapidly, yet their sensitivity to ambient conditions poses challenges. An additional degradation mechanism, potential‐induced degradation (PID), can emerge during field operation, but the understanding of PID within perovskite devices is limited. To exclude environmental stressors, this study is conducted in an inert environment at room temperature. PSCs and mini‐modules are subjected to a 324 h PID stress test at −1000 V, revealing relative efficiency losses of around 29% and 24% for the PSCs and mini‐modules, respectively, exposing subtle degradation differences. These degradation rates are notably lower than reported in the literature, suggesting possible additional degradation pathways arising from suboptimal encapsulation combined with ambient conditions. Subsequently, half of the stressed samples are subject to +1000 V for 523 h and recover to a reduced efficiency loss of 15% and 7.7% for the PSCs and module, respectively. In contrast, storing the stressed samples on the shelf increased the efficiency losses to 32% (PSCs) and 41% (module). Therefore, the post‐PID rates differ significantly between both groups, whereas both effects of voltage recovery and progressed degradation are more pronounced in modules compared to cells. This study contributes to a robust method for PID research.

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A qualitative exploration of professionals' perspectives on the implementation of reablement intervention programs in community care.

Reablement is considered a complex intervention due to its multicomponent, person-centered, holistic approach promoting older adults' active participation in daily activities. It is important to consider the unique context in which complex interventions are implemented, as contextual factors may interact and influence implementation outcomes. As part of the European TRANS-SENIOR project, this qualitative study aimed to gain insight into professionals' experiences with reablement implementation in Dutch community care. Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, four focus groups were conducted comprising 32 professionals. Two groups were formed: one at operational level, including therapists, nursing staff, social workers, and domestic support; and one at organizational/strategic level, including project leaders, managers, directors, municipality representatives and health insurers. Participating care organizations had at least 6 months of experience with deploying and implementing reablement. Findings reflected three themes: (1) strength of interdisciplinary collaboration; highlighting significance of sharing goals and beliefs, (2) integrating the reablement philosophy into the organization; underscoring managements role in fostering support across all organizational layers, and (3) achieving a culture change in the healthcare system; emphasizing current funding models impeding value-based care tailored to the individual's goals and needs. The results offer valuable insights for implementation of complex interventions, like reablement.

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A multidisciplinary view on agrivoltaics: Future of energy and agriculture

The increasing global population amplifies the demand for food and energy. Meeting these demands should be a priority and aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Photovoltaic (PV) systems are one of the key technologies for a sustainable energy transition. However, PV farms are space-intensive, conflicting with other land-uses such as agriculture. Agrivoltaics (AV) offers a dual-land-use solution by combining solar energy and crop cultivation. Some pioneering AV production systems have been implemented in practice. However, optimizing the PV technology and -array design as well as understanding the impact of PV panels on crop selection and performance remains challenging. Determining the best PV technology and minimizing shading's negative effects on crops can make or break an AV system. This multidisciplinary review combines the latest findings in AV research, PV array designs and module technologies. This review also compares the agronomic potential of various crops for AV and presents a meta-analysis of crop performance under varying shading conditions. Findings from this review indicate that (1) AV systems mainly rely on crystalline silicon (c-Si) cell technology, however, wavelength selective, or spectral shifting PV technologies and diffusion coatings or H2 panels provide future opportunities. (2) AV systems can boost land use efficiency. (3) Shading of crops in AV systems can lead to crop losses but can also provide shelter and enhance crop yield or quality in select climates. (4) Site-specific AV system design is essential to guarantee profitable operation.

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Preoperative glycaemic control, number of pain locations, structural knee damage, self-reported central sensitisation, satisfactionand personal control are predictive of 1-year postoperative pain, and change in pain from pre- to 1-year posttotal knee arthroplasty.

The aim of this study was to identify preoperative predictors for 1-year posttotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) pain and pre- to post-TKA pain difference in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients. From March 2018 to July 2023, this prospective longitudinal cohort study enrolled KOA patients awaiting TKA from four hospitals in Belgium and the Netherlands. Different biopsychosocial predictors were assessed preoperatively by questionnaires and physical examinations (input variables). The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscale pain was used to measure pain intensity. The absolute KOOS subscale pain score 1-year post-TKA and the difference score (ΔKOOS = 1-year postoperative - preoperative) were used as primary outcome measures (output variables). Two multivariable linear regression analyses were performed. Two hundred and twenty-threeparticipants were included after multiple imputation. Worse absolute KOOS subscale pain scores 1-year post-TKA and negative or closer to zero ΔKOOS subscale pain scores were predicted by self-reported central sensitisation, lower KOA grade and preoperative satisfaction,and higher glycated haemoglobin, number of pain locationsand personal control (adjusted R2 = 0.25). Additional predictors of negative or closer to zero ΔKOOS subscale pain scores were being self-employed, higher preoperative pain and function (adjusted R2 = 0.37). This study reports different biopsychosocial predictors for both outcomes that have filtered out other potential predictors and providevalue for future studies on developing risk assessment tools for the prediction of chronic TKA pain. The protocol is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05380648) on 13 May 2022. Level II.

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