Political power to the people is the key to democracy. The famous Abraham Lincoln saying, government of the people, for the people and by the people, provides the basic structure of a democratic system. If the general masses are the custodian of power, then there must be a mechanism which should make the people the trustee of power. Election of the person or group of persons to exercise that power is the mechanism needed for the system. Nigerians love democracy. After much trial and tribulation, they have adopted a presidential democratic system. The next Presidential election in Nigeria will be held in February 2023. The election process is so lengthy and cumbersome that it takes a year from the day when political parties announce the names of their candidates till a voter comes out from his home to the pooling booth to cast his/ her vote in favor of his chosen candidate. Nigeria is beset with the problems of regionalism, ethnicity, religious favoritism. Cultural diversity, political instability, low economic growth, in spite of the flow of billion dollars’ worth of oil, are yet other problems, Nigerians must face to survive as a strong, viable modern, democratic state in Africa. Last but not least, a candidate in order to win the office of the Presidency, must overcome two constitutional hurdles. First, he must have received a plurality of votes cast in his favor. 2nd he must have received at least 25% of votes in two thirds of the total number of states. It means the candidate must have received 25% of votes in 24 states out of the total 36 states. Presidential system of Nigeria is so lucrative particularly to the Western media that it cannot afford to ignore it dynamic nature. Nigeria will now serve as an example of democracy in the third world. It will be a beacon light.

Quality practices are globally recognized efforts in a relationship to the entities’ financial, Innovational and operational performances in an organization’s project implementation. They help them to determine their levels of satisfaction in all aspects of projects and their systematic approaches adopted. This research work took place to find out the Impact of Quality systems on SMEs’ Business Project Performance: case study for Pakistan. The population for this research was all the small and medium enterprises established in Pakistan. That were sampled with random sampling technique. This research work took place to have investigative descriptive method in design with deductive reasoning approaches. The data was collected with close ended questionnaire and it was analyzed on SPSS 22.0 version. The main findings determined the correlation between quality system and organizational project implementation process with regards to its financial, Innovational and operational performance with some high positive attributions.

HRM practices play a vital role in organizational performance of banking sectors. The objective of this study is to determine how Human Resource Management processes have impacted the organizational performance of public and private banking industry in Pakistan, for that purpose, a public bank i.e. National bank of Pakistan (NBP), and a private bank, United Bank Limited (UBL) was selected. In the current company environment, HRM strategies are essential for two key reasons: talent cultivation and employee motivation. A questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from both the banks, and the aim of the study was explanatory. The survey was completed by an estimated 270 employees from NBP and UBL from various divisions. The analysis was conducted using SPSS version 22, specifically the Regression and Correlation functions. According to the research, NBP and UBL, Karachi's hiring practices had no bearing on organizational performance. Other HRM strategies, like as training and development, performance evaluation, remuneration, and incentives and recognition, favorably influence organizational performance. According to researchers, the study's results are useful for public and private banking sectors of Pakistan. The results of this study may be beneficial not just to the participating banks, but also to other financial organizations.

This study explores the relationship between Environmental Performance with Green human resource practices in Pharmaceutical Companies, in Karachi, Pakistan. However, no study has charted employee commitment toward a sustainable environment and gone over the literature. Moreover, culture also plays an important role in Environmental performance, and it has also not been addressed previously with this framework. Therefore, this research study intends to assess the mediating impact of employee commitment towards the relationship between Green HRM and Employee Performance, moderating the impact of Culture. To select the samples for the statistical tool, the Convenience sampling method was used. This study is based on the quantitative approach in a single sector. The findings from the structural analysis show that Green recruitment and selection towards Environmental performance demonstrates less influence on the employees to commit towards green environmental activities as compared to green recruitment and training. Furthermore, it’s determined that the moderating role of culture has no impact in this framework. Overall findings approach the level of understanding of the following framework for the achievement of a sustainable environment through green HR practices. Discussions and limitations for future research are provided in concluding the study. 
 

Brand loyalty has always been a complex phenomenon and the presence of digital technology is making it more challenging as consumers are well informed and demanding than ever. In such dynamic and challenging environment business firms should include the factors that help creating the brand loyalty. Little consideration has been made to “a detailed model” of brand loyalty, most of the earlier researches while examining the antecedents of brand loyalty have pin pointed few variables to explain the whole phenomenon. This research is an effort to investigate and overcome this vacuity. The reason of conducting this study is to inspect brand loyalty in depth and suggesting a detailed model of brand loyalty along with all of its possible antecedents and mediator. Both distinct elements of Brand loyalty are investigated together that is “attitudinal brand loyalty and behavioral brand loyalty”. All the antecedents of brand loyalty are adopted from existing marketing research literature, which included “Brand Commitment, Customer Satisfaction and Brand Perceived Risk”. Most important findings of this study are a) attitudinal brand loyalty impact positively on behavioral brand loyalty b) the effect of Brand Perceived Risk on behavioral brand loyalty is not direct, that is it effect through attitudinal brand loyalty. c) Attitudinal Brand loyalty mediates the impact among brand commitment and customer satisfaction on behavioral brand loyalty. All the findings are consistent with the proposed model. 450 questionnaires were circulated amongst the Karachi residents, out of which 389 responded. Data is examined with the help of SPSS. The study concluded the potential antecedents Customer Satisfaction and Brand Commitment as significant construct in brand loyalty as they have strong relation with attitudinal and behavioral brand loyalty. Results show a strong relationship among attitudinal brand loyalty and behavioral brand loyalty. This proposed brand loyalty model will be helpful for the Business firms.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of non-verbal communication skills in English as a Second Language (ESL) classrooms. These skills are used in teaching as well as learning. Non-verbal signs are of great significance for ESL learners and ESL teachers as they help cover the communication gap in form of gestures, eye-gaze, facial expressions, and body language. According to cognitive scientists, non-verbal signs assist teachers maintain attention level of the students that is important for successful teaching and learning. To achieve this goal, a field study was conducted in Lahore Liverpool Lingua. Two main instruments were used to collect data, namely questionnaire and observations. 100 students both male and female were chosen as samples who were observed to understand the importance of non-verbal communication skills in ESL classrooms. Besides observation of the students, 5 teachers at the same college were chosen to document their observations. These documents were used for content analysis. Apart from the documents, teachers’ opinions were also gathered through close-ended questionnaires. The questionnaire data were analyzed quantitatively. Thus, the collected data were analyzed and interpreted according to the principles of both qualitative and quantitative research. The study reveals the significance of non-verbal communication skills for ESL teachers and ESL students.

The paper carries an analysis of regionalism in Pakistan, its origin, its reasons, and its impediments to the national security of the country, through the linguistic lens. The paper in its analytical findings reveals that several factors are responsible for regionalism in Pakistan leading to some serious impediments to the national security of the country. Short-term, medium-term, and long-term solutions are recommended for the solution to this problem and therefore, the paper concludes that the need of the hour for the country’s leadership is to rise above self/vested interests, unite the nation, and respond to the challenge of regionalism.

This study was aimed at the investigation of issues faced by the teachers in ELT classes. Primary objective of the study was to bring in light the challenges faced by English language teachers in government primary schools of Abbottabad. Other objectives included the highlighting deficiencies in teachers’ professional training, classroom environment and similar other issues adversely affecting the performance of English language teachers in the classrooms. Another important objective was to highlight issue related with students and their parents which ultimately become challenge for the teachers in classrooms. The study was delimited to only English language teachers who teach the subject of English to 5th class in government primary schools of Abbottabad. In its nature, it was a survey based descriptive and exploratory research. Sampling technique adopted in the study was purposive in the selection of circles and random sampling in the selection of respondent teachers. Instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire prepared under the supervision of the experts. Data calculated was analysed and provided in figures for presentation. A number of interesting findings came forth in the study which led to the conclusion that challenges faced by English language teachers in the classroom are multi-dimensional depending upon a number personality, family, school management and community related variables. The researcher suggested a multi-facetted and multi-level strategies to cope with these challenges adopting an integrated approach inclusive of teachers, parent, school administration, district administration and the target community.

This research examines Impact of Political Instability on Political and Socio-economic Conditions of Sindh from 1988 to 2008. This study was undertaken to find out the relationship between political instability and four other dimensions (democracy, education, health, and economic development) in the province of Sindh. In this research, political instability is taken as an independent variable and democracy, education, health, and economic development as dependent variables. This study has covered a period of 20 years from 1988 to 2008. For the conduct of this study, a total of thirty colleges and Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) were selected from all the six regions (Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Larkana, Shaheed Benazirabad, and Mirpurkhas) of Sindh province of Pakistan. Five colleges were selected from each region and ten respondents were selected from each college, the total sample size was 300 out of which 264 (88%) respondents responded and returned the questionnaire duly filled by them. A five point Likert scale was constructed and administered on the participants. The responses of the respondents were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), which generated the frequency distributions, means, standard deviations, coefficient of correlations and simple regression etc. of the responses. All the four hypotheses of this research which were tested at the 0.05 level of significance by using coefficient of correlation and simple regression. The major findings of this study include the association between dependent and independent variables such as: democracy and political instability, education and political instability, health and political instability and economic development and political instability. In the model of hypotheses, it was predicted that political instability has negative impact on “democracy, education, health and economic development”, in the Sindh province. At the first stage of analysis, relationship was measured through Spearman correlation coefficient analysis to check association among the variables. The model results show that all the four dimensions (democracy, education, health and economic development) correlate with political instability and found significant correlation between democracy, education, health and economic development and political instability. All the assumptions were verified and the regression model show that the variables democracy, education, health and economic development explained 97.7% of variance in total political instability. All these four exerted the highest statistically significant contribution. As per final results, all the dependent and independent variables are significantly correlated. Therefore, all the hypotheses under study are accepted.

The main purpose of this research is to examine the influence of Talent management on Job performance. This study also aims to assess the mediating role of employee engagement and moderating role of Talent proactive behavior on the relationship between talent management and job performance.This research follows the philosophy of positivism. A deductive approach is implied and the research design is explanatory. Convenient sampling of non-probability techniques was used to select the sample. A total of 300 survey questionnaires were distributed in Karachi to employees working in different industries. Smart PLS 3 was used to analyze all hypotheses through the structural model and measurement model.The results determined that Employee Engagement, Talent management is likely to have a favorable influence on Job Performance The moderation analysis was done representing Talent Proactive Behavior have a significantly positive impact on the relationship between Talent Management and Job Performance.