Financial indicators represent ways of capitalizing on accounting information targeting various levels, namely the structure of uses and financing, liquidity, solvency, resource rotation/management, profitability, or financial balance. They can be determined and interpreted either at individual level, by the company, defining the main coordinates of its financial management, or at global level, by the sector, highlighting its trend and emphasizing the convergences and divergences regarding financial strategies between the companies that compose it. At sector level, corresponding to the market economy, a factor that should not be neglected is the competition between companies. In this sense, Porter’s five forces model is a strategic analysis tool that evaluates the attractiveness and degree of competition in a field by examining five factors: rivalry between competitors, bargaining power of customers, bargaining power of suppliers, threat of substitute products, and threat of new entrants. The model contributes to understanding how the market structure influences the profitability and competitive positioning of companies. This article aims to highlight how the financial indicators of the main telecommunications companies influence Porter’s five forces model within this industry.

The paper analyses the complex and multidimensional role of the accounting professional within the modern mechanisms for preventing, identifying, and managing financial fraud. In an economic context marked by accelerated digitalisation and increasingly sophisticated financial risks, the accountant becomes an essential actor in strengthening organizational integrity. The study addresses the main types of fraud, the applicable regulatory and ethical framework, as well as the specific internal control and risk assessment tools. The accounting responsibilities in detecting fraud signals, collaborating with auditors, and participating in financial investigations are highlighted. At the same time, the paper emphasizes the need for continuous development of professional skills, especially in the field of modern technologies, in data analysis, and in post-detection situation management. The conclusions highlight the decisive contribution of the accountant to protecting the financial ecosystem and promoting an organizational culture based on ethics and transparency.

High water consumption contributing to water scarcity remains a challenge in manufacturing companies. Environmental management accounting emerged to contribute to solving environmental challenges, such as water scarcity. This paper covers three popular techniques in environmental management accounting literature: activity-based costing, material flow cost accounting, and life cycle costing. Thus, this paper aims to determine the impact of environmental management accounting costing techniques on water consumption in South African manufacturing companies. Findings show a positive (coefficient 2.947) and significant impact between activity-based costing and water consumption at 1% significance level. In addition, the findings indicate a positive (coefficient 3.875) and insignificant relationship between material flow cost accounting and water consumption. Conversely, the findings depict a negative (coefficient –18.002) and significant effect between life cycle costing and water consumption at 1% significance level. This paper calls for manufacturing companies to increase applying the costing techniques of environmental management accounting to achieve reduced water consumption.

Zimbabwe’s volatile currency environment poses significant challenges for accurate financial reporting, particularly within digital finance companies operating in rapidly evolving economies. This study uniquely investigates the implications of currency conversion on financial reporting practices in Zimbabwe, using EcoCash Holdings, a leading digital finance provider, as a case study. Unlike existing literature, which often generalizes macroeconomic effects, this research provides a focused analysis on how exchange rate instability distorts revenue recognition, profitability, fair value measurements, and financial ratios in the context of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The population of the study consisted of 66 respondents, and the sample size was 30. Employing a quantitative approach, the study used questionnaires and applied ratio analysis and regression modelling to quantify the effects of exchange rate volatility. Frequent exchange rate variations were found to significantly distort revenue recognition and impair comparability across reporting periods. Key findings include a 35% average deviation in profitability ratios when restated for exchange rate consistency, and significant misstatements in fair value assessments due to inconsistent conversion benchmarks. These fluctuations undermine comparability, decision usefulness, and financial transparency. The study contributes to literature by emphasizing the need for accounting frameworks tailored to high-volatility environments. It concludes that inflationadjusted reporting, dynamic fair value models, and enhanced currency disclosure practices are essential to improving the reliability of financial information and restoring stakeholder confidence. These insights are critical for accounting professionals, regulators, and digital finance firms navigating similar currencyaffected economies.

The Order of the President of the National Agency for Fiscal Administration No. 2736/2025 provides for the model, content, and instructions for completing the single tax return on income tax and social contributions due by natural persons (form 212), which is used in 2026 to declare income earned and establish/finalize the annual income tax and social contributions for 2025. The form allows taxpayers to opt during 2026 for the payment of the social health insurance contribution for insurance in the public health system. Form 212 has undergone a series of updates and revisions since the previous year considering the recent amendments to the tax legislation by Law No. 141/2025 and Government Emergency Ordinance No. 128/2024. Starting with the income for the year 2025, the authorities make available to taxpayers the pre-filled single tax return according to the information existing in its databases, thus establishing the e-Single Tax Return system. Its pre-filling is a simplification measure that has a guiding role, taxpayers having the obligation to verify the pre-filled information and correlate it with their own tax situation in order to submit it in the form corresponding to the real tax situation. For the single tax return for the period 2025–2026, ANAF has resorted to a new way of filling out the form, through a web application that can be used directly from the browser, designed to be more intuitive, more coherent, and easier to use by taxpayers.

This study examined the impact of dividend policy on shareholders’ wealth creation in selected Nigerian quoted deposit money banks. The specific objective was to assess the effects of dividend per share, retained earnings ratio, dividend yield, and dividend coverage ratio on market price per share. An ex-post facto research design was adopted. A sample size of eight banks was selected. Secondary data were sourced from the banks’ annual reports over 17 years (2003–2019). Panel least squares regression was used to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that retained earnings ratio and dividend yield positively and significantly impact shareholders’ wealth (b = 0.037064; p-value = 0.0003), whereas dividend per share and dividend coverage ratio are negative and insignificant at 5% significance level. The study concluded that dividend policy significantly affects shareholders’ wealth creation in Nigerian deposit money banks, supporting the Dividend Relevancy Theory and informing investment and managerial decisions. Hence, a constant dividend decision should be maintained in deposit money banks. The management of the banks should encourage regular payment of dividends to shareholders. This will attract potential investors and help to generate capital for the bank through the sale of shares. Therefore, it is advised that managers maintain a stable and consistent dividend policy, ensuring regular dividend payments to support investor confidence and potentially attract new capital.

Legislative instability in Romania has generated an unpredictable fiscal environment, affecting the business sector’s ability to make sustainable and compliant decisions. The study examines the Romanian fiscal framework over the period 2020–2024, adopting a descriptive-analytical and documentary approach, combined with the analysis of key macroeconomic indicators. The construction, tourism, and cross-border operations sectors are examined as vulnerable areas, particularly exposed to fiscal policy volatility. The findings highlight the adverse effects of fiscal instability on investment decisions, employment dynamics, and tax compliance. The conclusions support the need to strengthen legislative predictability and to use empirical evidence in designing balanced, transparent, and economically grounded fiscal policies in Romania.

Debtor management is a critical determinant of the financial health of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This study examined the effect of debtor management on the financial performance of hardware SMEs in Mukono, Uganda. Using Yamane’s (1967) formula at a 95% confidence level, a representative sample of 55 SMEs was determined. A stratified random sampling technique was employed to ensure coverage across municipality divisions, with a proportionate selection of respondents. Using a descriptive and correlational design, data was collected from owners, managers, and accounts staff through structured questionnaires and analysed using descriptive and regression techniques. Findings revealed that debtors’ management practices (debt collection practices and debtors turnover) positively and significantly influence financial performance (liquidity and profitability). The study concludes that effective debtor management enhances financial performance and sustainability in the hardware sector. It recommends that SMEs strengthen credit policies, adopt robust collection mechanisms, and train staff in receivables management to improve performance.

Local councils represent local public administration authorities with a major role, including in the field of local public services. Entities under the authority of local councils, although often legally organized in the form of commercial companies, are entities with public capital. The PESTEL analysis targets six categories of factors that collectively have an impact on an entity in terms of its flows, operations, or economic activity. These factors are political, economic, social, technological, ecological, and legal in nature. Financial indicators focus on multiple dimensions, among which structure, creditworthiness, and profitability are particularly important. The approach taken in this article addresses the influence of the component factors of the PESTEL analysis on the dynamics of the structure, creditworthiness, and profitability indicators related to the company Gospodărirea Comunală Arad SA, an entity with public capital under the authority of the Arad City Hall, during the period 2015–2024.