This study explores the feminist themes embedded within Suzanne Collins' The Hunger Games, focusing on the character of Katniss Everdeen as a symbol of resistance and empowerment. The research aims to analyze the different types of feminism manifested in the novel, examining how Collins challenges traditional gender roles and societal expectations through her protagonist. The study applies sociology of literature approach, which considers the social context and implications of literary works, and utilizes feminist theories, including liberal and radical feminism, to interpret Katniss’s journey. The findings suggest that Katniss embodies both liberal and radical feminist ideals, using her defiance of oppressive authority to fight for personal freedom and gender equality. Katniss’s actions, from assuming the role of family provider to resisting the Capitol’s control, exemplify the themes of self-determination, independence, and the rejection of traditional gender norms. The portrayal of Katniss as a resourceful and brave figure, often adopting traits typically associated with masculinity, reveals the novel's critique of gender stereotypes and its call for a more inclusive understanding of strength and leadership. Ultimately, The Hunger Games serves as a powerful narrative for discussing feminism, challenging the boundaries of gender roles, and highlighting the potential for individual actions to spark social change.

The novel Lelaki Harimau by Eka Kurniawan describes the life of Javanese people during the Japanese colonial period. In the novel, there are various kinds of social problems, one of which is crime. This research aims to describe the forms of crime in the novel. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques in the form of library research. The theory used is criminal psychology with a literary psychology approach to bridge the study of psychology and literature. The results of the research show that there are three forms of crime in the novel: domestic violence, sexual harassment and rape committed by the major characters. The domestic violence as well as raping is done by a husband towards his wife; something weird but that is the truth. Sexual harassment is experienced by other female characters owing to hegemony of power and money. The research shows that crime is one of the social problems that occurs in society. These crimes can be caused by various factors, such as poverty, social inequality and family conflict.

This research investigates the political conflict depicted in Leila S. Chudori's novel Laut Bercerita, focusing on the portrayal of the student’s movement and authoritarian regime dominated by military force in Indonesia during the New Order era. Drawing on the theories of Sociology of Literature and New Historicism, the study aims to analyze the socio-political dynamics embedded within the narrative. The qualitative descriptive method is employed to examine the text in-depth, considering its historical significance and literary merits. Through close textual analysis, the research reveals the intricate interplay between fiction and reality, shedding light on the experiences of activists and the repressive tactics of the regime. The novel vividly captures the determination, struggles, and sacrifices of student activists as they challenge authoritarian rule, providing valuable insights into Indonesia's socio-political landscape. Additionally, the study explores the ways in which literature serves as a vehicle for social critique and historical remembrance, emphasizing the enduring relevance of Chudori's work in contemporary discourse. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of Indonesian history and literature, underscoring the importance of literature as a tool for socio-political commentary and cultural preservation.

The differences between the Uken and Toa dialects are easy to identify in the daily conversations of the speakers. Speakers of these two dialects are still easy to understand each other. The differences occur in several vocal sounds, intonation, some vocabulary, as well as some greetings in everyday dialogue. The aim to be achieved in this research is to find out the differences between the Gayo Uken and Toa dialects. The research method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method. The differences in conversation between the Uken and Toa people can be seen in terms of their pronunciation when interacting. Besides, there are also slight differences in vocabulary between the two dialects. The differences between the two Gayo dialects occur in the vowel phoneme change and consonant one. The variations of the phonemes used in both dialects stay at the same meaning, but they are pronounced differently. As a result, based on the pronunciation of the Uken and Toa dialects spoken by the community, there are many phoneme variations. Every spoken word produces dissimilarities in vowel phonemes and consonant phonemes.

This research aims to identify the types of illocutionary speech acts found in the main characters' utterances in Taylor Jenkins Reid's novel Malibu Rising. Using Searle’s theory of illocutionary acts, the study examines the contextual meanings behind these acts. A qualitative descriptive methodology was applied, focusing on character dialogues as data. Data collection involved reading and analyzing dialogues, selecting utterances containing illocutionary acts. Analysis followed Miles and Huberman’s framework, encompassing data reduction, data display, and conclusion/verification. Results reveal that the main characters' utterances incorporate five types of illocutionary acts: representatives, directives, declaratives, commissives, and expressives, with directives and expressives being predominant. The research underscores the role of competitive and conflicting speech acts in character interactions, demonstrating how these acts advance the narrative and depict social dynamics. Findings suggest that illocutionary acts in Malibu Rising illustrate internal states, facilitate social interactions, and navigate interpersonal relationships. This study offers insights into the pragmatic functions of language in literature, enhancing understanding of how speech acts reflect real-life communication and contribute to character development and narrative structure. Future research could build on these findings by examining illocutionary acts in various literary genres and comparing their use across different authors and themes.

This research delves into the intricate portrayal of negative politeness strategy in Andrea Hirata's novel Laskar Pelangi. Employing linguistic politeness theory by Brown and Levinson and a structuralism approach, the study aims to elucidate the connection between linguistics and literature within the novel's context. Utilizing a qualitative research methodology, the text is analyzed, focusing on instances of negative politeness strategies employed by characters in various social interactions. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, 53 instances of negative politeness strategies are identified in the novel. The literature review underscores the significance of negative politeness for maintaining rapport and respect in social interactions, particularly in contexts prone to imposition or conflict. Extracted examples from the novel illustrate how characters utilize negative politeness to navigate complex social dynamics and preserve harmonious relationships within their community. The findings reveal cultural nuances embedded in politeness strategies, reflecting Indonesian societal norms and values. Characters in Laskar Pelangi employ indirect speech acts, hedging language, and deferential expressions to mitigate threats to others' autonomy or comfort, contributing to the narrative's tone of warmth and sincerity. Overall, this research highlights the integral role of negative politeness strategies in shaping character interactions and reflecting cultural values in Laskar Pelangi. By employing these strategies, characters negotiate social hierarchies and navigate interpersonal relationships while demonstrating respect and consideration for others.

Defamation is an act that harms an individual’s reputation through the spread of false statements. It is commonly categorized into two forms: libel, which involves written defamation, and slander, which refers to spoken or direct defamation. This research focuses on slander as a form of defamation that deeply impacts Mariah, the protagonist in Hamka’s novel Terusir. The study examines the consequences of defamation on Mariah, who, as a victim, endures severe hardships and social alienation. Adopting a sociological approach to literature, this research situates defamation within the context of real-world social dynamics, emphasizing its destructive potential within both fictional and actual communities. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data were gathered from the novel’s narrative, as well as from monologues and dialogues. Terusir by Hamka serves as the primary data source, supplemented by secondary references that enhance the contextual analysis. Findings reveal that Mariah suffers extensively from defamation: she is publicly shamed and expelled from her home by her husband during a stormy night, symbolizing her isolation and loss of dignity. This defamatory act not only tarnishes Mariah’s identity as a respected mother and wife but also severs her relationship with her son, leading her into a state of near madness fueled by profound emotional turmoil and an overwhelming sense of loss.

This study investigates the depiction of bipolar disorder in Jennifer Niven’s All the Bright Places, focusing on its impact on the protagonist, Theodore Finch. Using a psychological framework, the research draws on Lesmana’s theory of bipolar disorder to analyze the manic and depressive episodes Finch experiences throughout the novel. The narrative vividly portrays Finch’s drastic mood swings, alternating between periods of elevated euphoria and profound depression. This analysis examines how these emotional extremes shape Finch's interactions with others, influence his relationships, and contribute to his suicidal thoughts. Through a deep dive into Finch’s character, the study emphasizes the challenges of living with bipolar disorder, illustrating how the disorder affects both personal identity and social dynamics. The findings reveal that Finch's experiences align with the characteristic patterns of manic and depressive episodes, as outlined in Lesmana’s theory. Ultimately, the research highlights the importance of addressing mental health issues in literature, enriching the conversation on psychological themes and fostering greater empathy for those affected by such conditions.

This study explores the use of expressive speech acts in Danielle Steel’s novel A Perfect Life, aiming to uncover how these acts contribute to character development and narrative progression. The primary objective is to analyze the prevalence and functions of expressive speech acts—such as expressions of pleasure, pain, joy, sorrow, like, dislike, and apology—within the text. The theoretical framework is grounded in speech act theory, particularly focusing on expressive speech acts as defined by J. L. Austin and further developed by John Searle. This research employs a qualitative approach to dissect and categorize the expressive language used by the novel’s main characters. The analysis reveals a notable dominance of dislike and apology among the expressive speech acts, with a lesser focus on pain, joy, and pleasure. Dislike emerges as the most frequently utilized act, reflecting significant emotional and narrative weight in the characters' interactions. The study's findings suggest that expressive speech acts are crucial in conveying emotional depth and relational dynamics within the novel. The implications of this research highlight the role of expressive speech acts in enhancing narrative engagement and character development. Understanding these dynamics offers valuable insights for literary analysis and can inform future studies on character expression in fiction. The study anticipates that further research could explore the comparative application of expressive speech acts across different genres and authors, expanding the understanding of emotional expression in literature.

This research aims to provide an in-depth analysis of self-reliance and its major causes, focusing on the concept proposed by Emerson and other related theories and concepts. The study employs a sociology of literature approach, which is well-suited to examine the social environment of the characters within the literary work. Additionally, the behaviorism perspective is utilized to analyze the behavioral phenomena that arise in relation to self-reliance. According to Savatagi, the causes of self-reliance include social, economic, political, and human agency factors, which set the boundaries for this analysis. Delia Owens' novel Where the Crawdads Sing serves as the primary source for this qualitative descriptive study, with additional books and related publications as secondary sources. The findings indicate that Kya's self-reliance is primarily driven by unsupportive social conditions, which prevent her from becoming dependent on others. Instead, these conditions foster a perception of self-reliance that helps Kya develop into a strong, independent individual who does not rely on external help.