This study explores the potential of Bougainvillea as a natural colorant for cotton and wool fabrics. The unique aspect of this research lies in the extraction of Bougainvillea in three different media: distilled water, 5% acetic acid aqueous, and 50:50 v/v ethanol-water solutions. The extracted solutions and the extracted floral bracts were then characterized by UV-Vis analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The fabrics were treated in these extracted solutions, with the aid of copper sulfate as a mordant agent. The color parameter analysis revealed acceptable color differences for the fabrics after coloring with Bougainvillea-extracted solutions. The color difference values are 9.167, 11.512, and 11.792 for the cotton fabrics dyed in acetic acid, ethanol, and water-extracted Bougainvillea solutions, respectively. For wool fabrics, the color difference values are in the range of 33.188–42.032. The color difference values increased for cotton and wool fabrics after coloring in Bougainvillea-extracted solutions with the addition of mordant. The color fastness against to water, washing, and rubbing were also experimented. The fastness degrees are found to be in the range of 4–4/5 in general. Further, the results were improved by one and/or half degrees with the help of mordant. In conclusion, this study not only demonstrates the potential of Bougainvillea as a natural coloring agent for textiles but also provides promising results in terms of eco-friendly and sustainable production.