The Philippine government spends a lot of resources to aid the farming sector. Still, most of the farmers are considered economically poor. The study evaluated the effectiveness of the KAANIB Enterprise Development Project’s coconut processing component by the Philippine Coconut Authority in Kibawe and Damulog, Bukidnon, 10 years after implementation. Using descriptive research and thematic analysis on 140 beneficiaries, it measured profitability changes through a paired sample t-test. Significant improvements were found in Return on Investment, Return on Asset, Return on Equity, Gross Profit Margin, and Net Profit Margin for both locations. The study highlights the need for a proper community needs assessment and comprehensive impact evaluation to address project setbacks. Findings support policy recommendations to help the agency better achieve its goals.

Many stresses, related to local and global conditions, affect cities, like climate change and urban heat islands. Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) are suggested in urban systems to mitigate climate change effects, supporting the transition to sustainable development and improving citizens’ well-being, according to the advantages of providing Ecosystem Services (ES). Despite the great attention to implementing NBS in urban systems, cities worldwide face critical issues in investing in NBS. These criticalities are mainly due to the lack of a comprehensive evaluation framework supporting decision-making to integrate NBS in urban planning. The proposed evaluation method is a multi-step approach to firstly identify the most suitable intervention area, and secondly, provide an overall evaluation of the cost and benefits of NBS interventions. The proposed framework is applied to the city of Milan to identify the most urgent area for NBS implementation, according to multidimensional vulnerability maps related to social, economic and environmental stresses. Three interventions have been compared with the business-as-usual scenario and evaluated according to the costs and benefits provided by ES to select the most preferable one according to a multidimensional perspective. The novelty of the proposed framework concerns the application of monetary and non-monetary values to support the decision processes of NBS planning and implementation for urban area renovation.

The Author, starting from Giovanni Rosadi’s futuristic and enlightened intuitions on the need to protect outstanding natural beauty alongside historical and artistic heritage assets, highlights their reflections on the original text of the Italian Constitution (art. 9) and on landscape legislation, from the first laws of the 20th century to those currently in force, in the sign of the constant acknowledgment of the cultural value that connotes the landscape. The author then highlights the limits and the current criticalities inherent in the extension of the traditional landscape protection to areas of significant environmental interest, performed by the Galasso Law in 1985, and reiterated by the Cultural Heritage and Landscape Code in 2004. And finally, she reflects about the impact of the Italian Constitutional Reform in 2022, Articles 9 and 41, which includes environmental protection among the constitutional values, on the relation between environment and landscape, projecting its consequences beyond the law in force into a future legislative horizon, where, under the chrism of constitutional legitimacy, environmental, cultural and landscape values can finally achieving a balanced recomposition capable of respecting their specificity.

The conference dedicated to Giovanni Rosadi, held in Florence on the centenary of his death, brought renewed attention to a key figure in the origins of Italian landscape law. Starting from the rediscovery of his 1910 legislative proposal “For the Protection of the Landscape”, the event offered a multidisciplinary reflection on the relevance of his ideas today. The introductory paper, while framing the contributions of the speakers, highlights the importance of distinguishing between the protection of landscape values and environmental protection, calling for a clearer, more effective and sustainable evolution of operational tools.

The topic of landscape protection aroused considerable interest in the Italian Parliament in 1910-1911, thanks to Giovanni Rosadi, who introduced a bill specifically addressing the issue. This article aims to examine, through the lens of environmental economics, the concepts and approaches evident in Rosadi’s writings, which would become integral to environmental analysis methodologies and policy interventions in the decades that followed. Ecosystem services, environmental externalities, sustainable development, and public goods are concepts readily discernible in Rosadi’s arguments for the need to develop regulations to protect landscape. Rosadi uses the term “landscape” as a synecdoche for the term “environment”, as it has a more evident and powerful perceptual significance, but it often emerges as a synonym in the motivations for its protection and enhancement.

The essay aims to illustrate the “ancient” friendship between Giovanni Rosadi and Giacomo Puccini, which began in their early teens and lasted uninterrupted until the year of Puccini’s death. Valuable evidence can be found in the correspondence between the two. In addition to distant memories, the two were also linked by their relationship with their hometown, from which they lived more or less distant. An exchange of correspondence from 1911 provides an opportunity to examine one of Rosadi’s many legislative initiatives, that of the reform of the copyright law. Rosadi had proposed a reduction of the period of protection on musical works to only ten years. Puccini had also publicly expressed his strong dissent on the matter, joining the choral reaction of composers that had found wide space in the press. The episode did not interrupt the correspondence or break the friendship: Puccini’s last letter to Rosadi, written on 30 October 1924, a few days before he departed for Brussels, bears witness to this.

This study explores the integration of wasted roadscapes into a Geodesign-based framework to enhance urban planning and regeneration strategies. Wasted roadscapes, including abandoned infrastructure landscapes, represent an opportunity for sustainable development. Through collaborative decision-making, the study investigates the potential of turning these underused spaces into functional assets. The methodology was applied to Bacoli, Southern Italy, focusing on adaptive urban strategies. The findings emphasise the importance of inclusive participation, with Geodesign facilitating stakeholder engagement and scenario planning. The project revealed how a participatory approach can inform decisions on landscape regeneration, promoting environmental, social, and economic sustainability. However, challenges remain regarding data complexity, impact assessment, and securing sufficient resources for implementation.

The goal of this study is to illustrate and examine the implementation of innovative methods for property valuation, by comparing their respective outcomes in terms of statistical accuracy and empirical reliability. In particular, the aim is to propose user-friendly methods for property valuers, while preserving their ability to rationalise the assessment in particularly dynamic contexts and minimising the interference of subjectivity from the professional valuer. The paper describes and compares three market approach methods through an application to a case study located in the city of Rome (Italy). The first method is the General Appraisal System (SGA) - already known in the literature concerning appraisal tools -, that allows the determination of the property market value and the marginal prices of the explanatory factors. The second method, called the Optimised Weighted Appraisal System Method (OWASM), represents an evolution of the SGA, by overcoming some limitations of the aforementioned method (e.g. possible linear dependency relationships in the coefficients' matrix, low empirical reliability of marginal prices in frequent situations). The third method (MAXENT) is based on the integration of the Maximum Entropy Principle with Lagrange multipliers and provides a powerful approach to dealing with complex optimization and inference problems, ensuring efficient handling of constraints, and preserving information with the maximum uncertainty allowed by the available data. The application of the methods highlights their potential, particularly in terms of simple implementation (with few input data) and providing valuers for the ability to effectively control outcomes. This research represents a new reference for valuers, in order to refine their estimates and guarantee transparency in their use, avoiding the risk of black boxes that frequently characterizes mass appraisal techniques (e.g. neural networks, genetic algorithms, multiple regressions, etc.), for which constant updating of the database originating the price functions would be necessary to appropriately describe the current market conditions.

In 2012, the Italian “National Strategy for Inner Areas” (SNAI) was approved to enhance essential services (transport, education, healthcare) and boost economic growth in underdeveloped areas. After more than ten years since the first SNAI programming cycle (2014-2020) and at the beginning of the second one (2021-2027), this research analyses the thematic scopes and funding of projects implemented during the first SNAI cycle to support local authorities in the second cycle. The analysis focuses on the four Inner Areas of Piedmont to support the SNAI strategy development process in Valsesia, which was designated as one of the new Piedmont Inner Areas in 2022. The study, part of the B4R - Branding4Resilience project, uses government open data and Exploratory Data Analysis to examine the geographic and thematic distribution of SNAI interventions. Results show the allocation of projects and public funds, identifying popular themes and gaps. Among the most significant findings, the thematic scopes of “Transport and Mobility” and “Social Inclusion and Health” emerged as the most funded, while scopes such as “Environment”, “Research and Innovation” and “Employment and work” were significantly underrepresented, especially in Piedmont. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the first cycle is crucial for refining future strategies, avoiding past inefficiencies, and maximising the impact of upcoming interventions. Insights drawn from the analyses aim to support local authorities in addressing new interventions and actions, enhancing strategic planning for territorial projects.