Several (online) adaptive radiotherapy procedures are available to maximize healthy tissue sparing in the presence of inter/intrafractional motion during stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) on an MR-linac. The increased treatment complexity and the motion-delivery interplay during these treatments require MR-compatible motion phantoms with time-resolved dosimeters to validate end-to-end workflows. This is not possible with currently available phantoms. Here, we demonstrate a new commercial hybrid film-scintillator cassette, combining high spatial resolution radiochromic film with four time-resolved plastic scintillator dosimeters (PSDs) in an MRI-compatible motion phantom. First, the PSD's performance for consistency, dose linearity, and pulse repetition frequency (PRF) dependence was evaluated using an RW3 solid water slab phantom. We then demonstrated the MRI4D scintillator cassette's suitability for time-resolved and motion-included quality assurance for adapt-to-shape (ATS), trailing, gating, and multileaf collimator (MLC) tracking adaptations on a 1.5 T MR-linac. To do this, the cassette was inserted into the Quasar MRI4D phantom, which we used statically or programmed with artificial and patient-derived motion. Simultaneously with dose measurements, the beam-gating latency was estimated from the time difference between the target entering/leaving the gating window and the beam-on/off times derived from the time-resolved dose measurements. Experiments revealed excellent detector consistency (standard deviation 0.6%), dose linearity (R2 = 1), and only very low PRF dependence ( 0.4%). The dosimetry cassette demonstrated a near-perfect agreement during an ATS workflow between the time-resolved PSD and treatment planning system (TPS) dose (0%-2%). The high spatial resolution film measurements confirmed this with a 1%/1-mm local gamma pass-rate of 90%. When trailing patient-derived prostate motion for a prostate SBRT delivery, the time-resolved cassette measurements demonstrated how trailing mitigated the motion-induced dose reductions from 1%-17% to 1%-2% compared to TPS dose. The cassette's simultaneously measured spatial dose distribution highlighted the dosimetric gain of trailing by improving the 3%/3-mm local gamma pass-rates from 80% to 97% compared to the static dose. Similarly, the cassette demonstrated the benefit of real-time adaptations when compensating patient-derived respiratory motion by showing how the TPS dose was restored from 2%-56% to 0%-12% (gating) and 1%-26% to 1%-7% (MLC tracking) differences. Larger differences are explainable by TPS-PSD coregistration uncertainty combined with a steep dose gradient outside the PTV. The cassette also demonstrated how the spatial dose distributions were drastically improved by the real-time adaptations with 1%/1-mm local gamma pass-rates that were increased from 8 to 79% (gating) and from 35 to 89% (MLC tracking). The cassette-determined beam-gating latency agreed within 12 ms with the ground truth latency measurement. Film and PSD dose agreed well for most cases (differences relative to TPS dose 4%), while film-PSD coregistration uncertainty caused relative differences of 5%-8%. This study demonstrates the excellent suitability of a new commercial hybrid film-scintillator cassette for simultaneous spatial, temporal, and motion-includeddosimetry.

ABSTRACT Within the context of a (post-)COVID-19 pandemic world, there is an urgent need to critically explore how bicycle-related activities may contribute to an environmentally sustainable and equitable world for vulnerable populations. In recent years, mutual aid projects have surged globally, with scholars pointing to the COVID-19 pandemic as a key driver of communities being forced to respond to the unfolding social and environmental crises, alongside state abandonment. In this paper, we discuss how cycling has been taken up by communities disproportionately harmed by colonial systems. Using a decolonial feminist participatory action research approach, the authors collaborated with The Bike Brigade, a non-profit bicycle delivery organization that partners with mutual aid organizations. Using arts-based methods and semi-structured interviews, we draw on the perspectives of 2SLGBTQ+ and racialized cyclists who volunteer with The Bike Brigade. A key theme of the research was the unique way in which research colleagues used bicycles to participate in community care by embodying mutual aid values: community thriving, resource reallocation and solidarity. Thus, this paper puts forth mutual aid as a potential framework for understanding radical mobility practices to foster community care.

ABSTRACT The colonising tendencies of Western research — in which Indigenous and racialised bodies are deliberately misrepresented — has justified the exploitation and violence towards these communities. Within the field of qualitative sport research, there is a need for research methodologies that relinquish power from the researcher, into the hands of the research communities . This paper aims to demonstrate the utility of a decolonial feminist participatory action research (PAR) approach to arts-based methods for sport research through an exploration of fieldwork with a Toronto-based bicycle organisation. A combination of data collection methods were used, including: 1) arts-based methods; 2) semi-structured interviews; and 3) reflexive journal notes. The results of this project demonstrated that a decolonial feminist PAR approach to arts-based methods can: 1) illuminate the non-human actors within art and bicycling; 2) help research colleagues critique systems of oppression; and 3) facilitate research colleague agency. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the importance of co-creating knowledge within sport scholarship to illuminate the diverse knowledges of those vulnerable to systemic oppression and erasure. This is a novel direction for challenging power relations within sport research and within sociological research more broadly.

Community-based exercise programs integrating a healthcare-community partnership (CBEP-HCP) can facilitate lifelong exercise participation for people post-stroke. Understanding the process of implementation from multiple perspectives can inform strategies to promote program sustainability. To explore stakeholders' experiences with undertaking first-time implementation of a group, task-oriented CBEP-HCP for people post-stroke and describe associated personnel and travel costs. We conducted a descriptive qualitative study within a pilot randomized controlled trial. In three cities, trained fitness instructors delivered a 12-week CBEP-HCP targeting balance and mobility limitations to people post-stroke at a recreation centre with support from a healthcare partner. Healthcare and recreation managers and personnel at each site participated in semi-structured interviews or focus groups by telephone post-intervention. Interviews and data analysis were guided by the Consolidated Framework of Implementation Research and Theoretical Domains Framework, for managers and program providers, respectively. We estimated personnel and travel costs associated with implementing the program. Twenty individuals from three sites (4 recreation and 3 healthcare managers, 7 fitness instructors, 3 healthcare partners, and 3 volunteers) participated. We identified two themes related to the decision to partner and implement the program: (1) Program quality and packaging, and cost-benefit comparisons influenced managers' decisions to partner and implement the CBEP-HCP, and (2) Previous experiences and beliefs about program benefits influenced staff decisions to become instructors. We identified two additional themes related to experiences with training and program delivery: (1) Program staff with previous experience and training faced initial role-based challenges that resolved with program delivery, and (2) Organizational capacity to manage program resource requirements influenced managers' decisions to continue the program. Participants identified recommendations related to partnership formation, staff/volunteer selection, training, and delivery of program activities. Costs (in CAD) for first-time program implementation were: healthcare partner ($680); fitness coordinators and instructors ($3,153); and participant transportation (personal vehicle: $283; public transit: $110). During first-time implementation of a CBEP-HCP, healthcare and hospital managers focused on cost, resource requirements, and the added-value of the program, while instructors and healthcare partners focused on their preparedness for the role and their ability to manage individuals with balance and mobility limitations. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03122626. Registered April 17, 2017-Retrospectively registered, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03122626.

Despite its rapid evolution, resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) remains a controversial intervention that continues to generate active research. Proper conflict of interest (COI) disclosure helps to ensure that research is conducted objectively, without bias. We aimed to identify the accuracy of COI disclosures in REBOA research. Literature search was performed using the keyword "REBOA" on PUBMED. Studies on REBOA with at least one American author published between 2017 and 2022 were identified. The CMS Open Payments database was used to extract information regarding payments to the authors from the industry. This was compared with the COI section reported in the manuscripts. COI disclosure was defined as inaccurate if the authors failed to disclose any amount of money received from the industry. Descriptive statistics were performed. We reviewed a total of 524 articles, of which 288 articles met the inclusion criteria. At least one author received payments in 57% (165) of the articles. Overall, 59 authors had a history of payment from the industry. COI disclosure was inaccurate in 88% (145) of the articles where the authors received payment. COI reports are highly inaccurate in REBOA studies. There needs to be standardization of reporting of conflicts of interest to avoid potential bias. Level III. Original Research.

Magnetic resonance-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) is desired for the treatment of diseases in the abdominothoracic region, which has a broad imaging area and continuous motion. To ensure accurate treatment delivery, an effective image quality assurance (QA) program, with a phantom that covers the field of view (FOV) similar to a human torso, is required. However, routine image QA for a large FOV is not readily available at many MRgRT centers. In this work, we present the clinical experience of the large FOV MRgRT Insight phantom for periodic daily and monthly comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-QA and its feasibility compared to the existing institutional routine MRI-QA procedures in 0.35 T MRgRT. Three phantoms; ViewRay cylindrical water phantom, Fluke 76-907 uniformity and linearity phantom, and Modus QA large FOV MRgRT Insight phantom, were imaged on the 0.35 T MR-Linac. The measurements were made in MRI mode with the true fast imaging with steady-state free precession (TRUFI) sequence. The ViewRay cylindrical water phantom was imaged in a single-position setup whereas the Fluke phantom and Insight phantom were imaged in three different orientations: axial, sagittal, and coronal. Additionally, the phased array coil QA was performed using the horizontal base plate of the Insight phantom by placing the desired coil around the base section which was compared to an in-house built Polyurethane foam phantom for reference. The Insight phantom captured image artifacts across the entire planar field of view, up to 400mm, in a single image acquisition, which is beyond the FOV of the conventional phantoms. The geometric distortion test showed a similar distortion of 0.45±0.01 and 0.41±0.01mm near the isocenter, that is, within 300mm lengths for Fluke and Insight phantoms, respectively, but showed higher geometric distortion of 0.8±0.4mm in the peripheral region between 300 and 400mm of the imaging slice for the Insight phantom. The Insight phantom with multiple image quality features and its accompanying software utilized the modulation transform function (MTF) to evaluate the image spatial resolution. The average MTF values were 0.35±0.01, 0.35±0.01, and 0.34±0.03 for axial, coronal, and sagittal images, respectively. The plane alignment and spatial accuracy of the ViewRay water phantom were measured manually. The phased array coil test for both the Insight phantom and the Polyurethane foam phantoms ensured the proper functionality of each coil element. The multifunctional large FOV Insight phantom helps in tracking MR imaging quality of the system to a larger extent compared to the routine daily and monthly QA phantoms currently used in our institute. Also, the Insight phantom is found to be more feasible for routine QA with easy setup.

ABSTRACT The puzzling relationship between foreign private capital flows and productivity remains unresolved. We attempt to resolve the puzzle by extending the literature to investigate the effects of the flows across heterogeneous recipient sectors, using a unique hand-collected database of 18 African countries for 2006–2015. We uncover a new interesting finding that the effects of the flows on productivity growth depend on recipient sectors. The results suggest that the negative relationship between foreign private capital flows and economic growth documented in the existing literature, particularly in developing countries, is related to the fact that most of the flows went into sectors, such as extractives and infrastructure, which have less potential for productivity growth. Overall, our findings suggest that the capital allocation puzzle is a sectoral capital allocation puzzle.

Community-based exercise programs delivered through healthcare-community partnerships (CBEP-HCPs) are beneficial to individuals with balance and mobility limitations. For the community to benefit, however, these programs must be sustained over time. To identify conditions influencing the sustainability of CBEP-HCPs for people with balance and mobility limitations and strategies used to promote sustainability based on experiences of program providers, exercise participants, and caregivers. Using a qualitative collective case study design, we invited stakeholders (program providers, exercise participants, and caregivers) from sites that had been running a CBEP-HCP for people with balance and mobility limitations for ≥4 years; and sites where the CBEP-HCP had been discontinued, to participate. We used two sustainability models to inform development of interview guides and data analysis. Qualitative data from each site were integrated using a narrative approach to foster deeper understanding of within-organization experiences. Twenty-nine individuals from 4 sustained and 4 discontinued sites in Ontario (n = 6) and British Columbia (n = 2), Canada, participated. Sites with sustained programs were characterized by conditions such as need for the program in the community, presence of secure funding or cost recovery mechanisms, presence of community partners, availability of experienced and motivated instructors, and the capacity to allocate resources towards program marketing and participant recruitment. For sites where programs discontinued, diminished participation and/or enrollment and an inability to allocate sufficient financial, human, and logistical resources towards the program affected program continuity. Participants from discontinued sites also identified issues such as staff with low motivation and limited experience, and presence of competing programs within the organization or the community. Staff associated the absence of referral pathways, insufficient community awareness of the program, and the inability to recover program cost due to poor participation, with program discontinuation. Sustainability of CBEP-HCPs for people with balance and mobility limitations is influenced by conditions that exist during program implementation and delivery, including the need for the program in the community, and organization and community capacity to bear the program's financial and resource requirements. Complex interactions among these factors, in addition to strategies employed by program staff to promote sustainability, influence program sustainability.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s11227-021-04222-4.].