Abstract Background: Australia persistently has one of the highest rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the world. Australia’s National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) sends a biennial Faecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) – the ‘NBCSP kit’ - to everyone eligible for the Program between 50-74 years old, however participation in the program is low, especially in the 50- to 60-year-old age group. Our previous efficacy trial (‘SMARTscreen’) demonstrated an absolute increase in uptake of 16.5% (95% confidence interval:2.02-30.9%) for people sent an SMS with motivational and instructional videos, from their general practice prior to receiving their NBCSP kit, compared to those receiving usual care. Building on the strengths of the SMARTscreen trial and addressing limitations, the ‘SMARTERscreen’ trial will test the effect on participation in the NBCSP of sending either an SMS only or an SMS with online video material to general practice patients due to receive their NBCSP compared to ‘usual care’. Methods: SMARTERscreen is a three-arm stratified cluster randomised controlled trial involving 63 general practices in two states in Australia. Eligible patients who are aged 49-60 years and due to receive their NBCSP kit within next two weeks during the intervention period. General practices will be equally randomised to three trial arms (21:21:21, average 260 patients/practice). The two interventions include: i) an SMS with an encouraging message from their general practice, or ii) the same SMS with web-links to additional motivational and instructional videos. The control arm will receive ‘usual care’. Using the intention-to-treat approach, primary analysis will estimate the three pair-wise between-arm differences in the proportion of eligible patients who participate in the NBCSP within 6-months of when their kit is sent, utilising screening data from the Australian National Cancer Screening Register (NCSR). Patient intervention adherence to the interventions will also be evaluated. Findings will be incorporated into the Policy1-Bowel microsimulation model to estimate the long-term health benefits and cost-effectiveness of the interventions. Discussion: SMARTERscreen will provide high-level evidence determining whether an SMS or an SMS with web-based material sent to general practice patients prior to receiving their NBCSP kit increases participation in bowel cancer screening. Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12623000036617, 13th January 2023. Trial URL: https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=385119&isClinicalTrial=False

Non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) is a common cause of heart failure. If no cause is identified it is termed idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM). Guideline-recommended therapy can improve left ventricular systolic function (LVSF). Although criteria for defining myocardial recovery exist, its

This study draws on depth interviews with 49 managers in customer firms and 55 managers in supplier firms and on discussions with 21 managers in two focus groups to propose a new way of thinking about customer solutions. Extant literature and suppliers interviewed for this study view a solution as a customized and integrated combination of goods and services for meeting a customer's business needs. In contrast, customers view a solution as a set of customer–supplier relational processes comprising (1) customer requirements definition, (2) customization and integration of goods and/or services and (3) their deployment, and (4) postdeployment customer support, all of which are aimed at meeting customers' business needs. The relational process view can help suppliers deliver more effective solutions at profitable prices. In addition, field research suggests that the effectiveness of a solution depends not only on supplier variables but also on several customer variables. Supplier variables include contingent hierarchy, documentation emphasis, incentive externality, customer interactor stability, and process articulation. Customer variables include adaptiveness to supplier offerings and political and operational counseling that a customer provides to a supplier. Several of these variables underscore the importance of suppliers developing social capital with customers. The authors discuss implications for solution suppliers and identify areas for further research.

This study draws on depth interviews with 49 managers in customer firms and 55 managers in supplier firms and on discussions with 21 managers in two focus groups to propose a new way of thinking about customer solutions. Extant literature and suppliers interviewed for this study view a solution as a customized and integrated combination of goods and services for meeting a customer's business needs. In contrast, customers view a solution as a set of customer–supplier relational processes comprising (1) customer requirements definition, (2) customization and integration of goods and/or services and (3) their deployment, and (4) postdeployment customer support, all of which are aimed at meeting customers' business needs. The relational process view can help suppliers deliver more effective solutions at profitable prices. In addition, field research suggests that the effectiveness of a solution depends not only on supplier variables but also on several customer variables. Supplier variables include contingent hierarchy, documentation emphasis, incentive externality, customer interactor stability, and process articulation. Customer variables include adaptiveness to supplier offerings and political and operational counseling that a customer provides to a supplier. Several of these variables underscore the importance of suppliers developing social capital with customers. The authors discuss implications for solution suppliers and identify areas for further research.

This case describes a pilot project to implement a financial portfolio system (FPS) within Jwon Bank. (The case is based on a real-life organisation, although the identity of the organisation has been disguised at the organisation’s request.) A strategic IT review of Jwon Bank’s IT systems and architecture revealed that a lack of integration between IT systems was hampering the bank’s capability to meet its business vision. A key recommendation from the review was the development of an FPS that would enable customers to manage all their financial assets and access financial services from a single place. However, creating an FPS meant that Jwon Bank had to develop a strategic solution to meet the integration needs across the entire bank. Jwon Bank examined enterprise application integration (EAI) tools, and embarked on a pilot project to develop a prototype FPS and test the robustness of an EAI solution. The case highlights some of the management issues relating to integration projects of this nature, including strategic planning for integration, EAI tool selection and evaluation, and understanding of business process flow across divisional silos.

Preface - Richard E. D. Schwartz Introduction - Richard E. D. Schwartz Part I. The Rule of Law: What Is It? Democracy and Equality - Robert Post Reflecting on the Rule of Law - Samuel Donnelly Do Free Markets Create Free Societies? - Samuel Krislov Part II. Case Studies A. Moves Toward Democracy Overcoming Apartheid: Can Truth Reconcile a Divided Nation? - James Gibson The Federal Constitutional Court: Guardian of German Democracy - Donald Kommers Religion, Constitutional Courts in Former Communist Countries - James Richardson B. Transitions and Problem Cases Transitions to Constitutional Democracies - Inga Markovits Sudan: A Nation in Turbulent Search of Itself - Francis Deng Expecting the Unexpected: Cultural Components of Arab Governance - Lawrence Rosen Rule of Law and Lawyers in Latin America - Rogelio Perez-Perdomo Law and Development: Is China as Problem Case? - Randall Peerenboom Part III. International Processes Toward a Rule of Law: Freedom of Expression - Kurt Wimmer Divided Nations: The Paradox of National Protection - Francis Deng Views on the Ground: The Local Perceptions of International Criminal Tribunals - Donna Arzt Global Rule of Law or Global Rule of Law Enforcement? International Police Cooperation and Counterterrorism - Mathieu Deflem Environmental Protection, Free Trade, and Democracy - David Driesen Global Business, Oversight Without Inhibiting Enterprise - John Philip Jones Revisiting Good Governance - Ved P. Nanda Afterword - Richard Schwartz

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of high and low glycemic index (GI) carbohydrate (CHO) pre-exercise meals on endurance running capacity. Eight active subjects (five male and three female) ran on a treadmill at approximately 70% VO2max to exhaustion on two occasions separated by 7 d. Three hours before the run after an overnight fast, each subject was given in a single-blind, random order, isoenergetic meal of 850+/-21 kcal (mean+/-SEM; 67% carbohydrate, 30% protein, and 3% fat) containing either high (HGI) or low (LGI) GI carbohydrate foods providing 2.0 g CHO.kg(-1) body weight. Ingestion of the HGI meal resulted in a 580% and 330% greater incremental area under the 3-h blood glucose and serum insulin response curves, respectively. Performance times were not different between the HGI and LGI trials (113+/-4 min and 111+/-5 min, respectively). During the first 80 min of exercise in the LGI trial, CHO oxidation was 12% lower and fat oxidation was 118% higher than in the HGI trial. Although serum insulin concentrations did not differ between trials, blood glucose at 20 min into exercise in the HGI trial was lower than that during the LGI trial at the same time (3.6+/-0.3 mmol.L(-1) vs 4.3+/-0.3 mmol.L(-1); P < 0.05). During exercise, plasma glycerol and serum free fatty acid concentrations were lower in the HGI trial than in the LGI trial. This results demonstrate that although there is a relative shift in substrate utilization from CHO to fat when a low GI meal is ingested before exercise compared with that for a high GI meal, there is no difference in endurance running capacity.