This research aims to examine the awareness of child rights among students at a state university in Kazakhstan. The study aims to measure the level of knowledge future educators have on child rights. Qualitative research methods were used in the study, and semi-structured interviews were conducted for comprehensive data collection. The interview form used was a semi-structured interview form called "Preschool Teachers' Awareness of Child Rights Form", developed by the researchers. The research was conducted on a sample of 20 students from the university's preschool education department, and interviews were conducted specifically on child rights awareness. Descriptive analysis, a method of qualitative data analysis, was used to interpret the collected data. The results of the research showed that the students' levels of awareness varied, and a significant percentage had in-depth knowledge about the international child rights frameworks established by UNICEF. However, deficiencies were identified in their understanding of how these rights are applied in educational settings. The study emphasized the role of the curriculum in increasing awareness and suggested areas for improvement. In light of the findings, various recommendations were presented, such as incorporating comprehensive modules on child rights into teacher education curricula and organizing continuous professional development sessions for in-service teachers. Additionally, it was emphasized that workshops and seminars at the university level should be organized to address the identified knowledge gaps.

The foliar feeding of soil-grown plants with essential elements such as molybdate can restore their Nitrate reductase activity. However, the activity of nitrate reductase under the foliar feeding of plants with molybdate and nitrate in hydroponic conditions has not been investigated. Thus, we wanted to investigate the effect of the foliar feeding of molybdate and nitrate on the nitrate reductase activity in the leaves of lemon balm plants under hydroponic conditions. Nitrate and molybdate solutions were applied by spraying the leaves of lemon balm plants and the nitrate reductase activity was determined by the colorimetric method. The results of our study demonstrated that the application of molybdate and KNO3 solution enhanced the nitrate reductase activity in the leaves of lemon balm plants. Importantly, our results indicate that foliar fertilization with nitrate and molybdate can improve nitrogen metabolism and carbon fixation in the leaves of lemon balm plants under hydroponic conditions.

It is essential for prospective teachers to be skilled in planning learning-teaching processes correctly and using teaching strategies and methods effectively. In this context, it is important for them to have the skills of using learning strategies, mentoring and self-regulation and to work collaboratively. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between mentoring, collaborative work and self-regulation skills of prospective teachers and their ability to use teaching strategies and methods. The study, which was designed with the correlational survey model, was conducted in 5 different universities in Kazakhstan in the academic year 2022-2023. The research sample consisted of 253 prospective teachers. According to the findings of the study, prospective teachers' mentoring, collaborative work, self-regulation skills, and use of teaching strategies and methods were found to be at a moderate level. According to another finding of the study, prospective teachers' mentoring, collaborative working and self-regulation skills and their ability to use instructional strategies and methods increased significantly as the grade level increased. Finally, according to the regression analysis, mentoring, collaborative work and self-regulation skills of prospective teachers significantly predicted their ability to use instructional strategies and methods.

Two new species of the genus Isochlora Staudinger, 1882 are described: I. hreblayi Volynkin, Tth, Titov & Saldaitis, sp. n. (western Mongolia) and I. kozlovi Volynkin, Titov, Matov & Saldaitis, sp. n. (Qinghai Province, China). The type species of the genus-group names Chamyla Staudinger, 1900 and Grumia Alphraky, 1892 (I. arctomys Alphraky, 1897 and I. flora (Alphraky, 1892), respectively) are examined, and their synonymy with Isochlora is revised. The synonymy of Chamyla idia Staudinger, 1900 with Isochlora arctomys Alphraky, 1897 is revised as junior synonymies. Lectotypes are designated for Isochlora arctomys Alphraky, 1897, Chamyla idia Staudinger, 1900 and Grumia flora Alphraky, 1892. Isochlora intricans (Alphraky, 1882) is reported from Kazakhstan for the first time. Adults as well as male and female genitalia are illustrated.

This article substantiates the relevance of the research problem, which consists in the need to solve state tasks in the field of ensuring cybersecurity of social substructures of society, which is the education system. The current legal framework of the problem under study is in urgent need of improvement and development in projection on the educational environment of the school. This is due to the clearly insufficient awareness of its subjects in matters of cybersecurity, cyber defense and cyber ethics. This is confirmed not only by the empirical observations of the authors of this article, but also by the practical lack of clear pedagogical measures of cybersecurity of the school environment. The purpose of the study is to reveal the specifics of cybersecurity of the school environment. To achieve this goal, the authors of the article interpret the concept of cybersecurity in the context of the environmental approach in education, perceived as a methodology of scientific and pedagogical research. Based on these methodological positions, the authors of the article propose a detailed system of parameters and criteria for the examination of cybersecurity of the school environment. The developed system of parameters and criteria for the examination of cybersecurity of the school environment acts not only as a measuring tool, but also as a pedagogical mechanism for the formation of such an environment. Further prospects of the research are connected with the discussion in the scientific and professional audience of the modified methodology of the cybersecurity examination of the school environment proposed by us, its approbation in the real educational process and refinement taking into account the opinions of scientists and teachers. Keywords: cybersecurity, cybersafety, school educational environment, expertise, system of parameters and criteria of expertise.

The purpose of the study is to form a complex for improving the professional qualities of Kazaksha kures trainers based on virtual and additional reality technology. Participating in the study were 4th-year students majoring in Physical Culture and Sports from [BLINDED] University. After the initial assessment of the studied competencies, a virtual reality course was held. At the same time, the researchers assessed the highest competence by the “Peculiarities of support activities at training camps” and “The design of a sports facility”. Conversely, the students in the control group assessed their competencies with an average rating of 3 points. The “Technology of teaching basic types of physical exercises” was the most appreciated. The professional skills of Kazaksha kures trainers represent the contribution of the paper to the world of science in the context of virtual reality. Keywords: components; consistency; Kazaksha kures; level; professional readiness; trainer

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the attitudes and competencies of biology teacher candidates regarding virtual reality applications based on scientific and methodological developments for the improvement of the visualization system in biology. In this study, the survey model, which is one of the quantitative research methods, was used. The sample group of the research consists of 244 biology teacher candidates studying at various universities in Kazakhstan in the 2022–2023 academic year. Research data were collected with a virtual reality attitude and competence scale developed by the researchers. After exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and construct validity studies were carried out, reliability analyses of the scale were made to get the final form of the scale, and Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient was calculated. As a result of the research, it was determined that the attitudes of pre-service biology teachers towards virtual reality were high and their competencies related to virtual reality were low. This suggests that biology teacher candidates have a medium level of attitude and competence in the virtual reality attitude and competence scale. In line with the findings obtained from the research, suggestions were made to improve the virtual reality attitudes and competencies of teacher candidates.

Abstract. Ikromov EE, Kuchboev AE, Ikromov EF, Sümer N, Yildirimhan HS, Amirov OO, Zhumabekova B. 2023. Morphological and molecular characteristics of the species Cosmocerca commutata and C. ornata (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) in Uzbekistan. Biodiversitas 24: 4609-4616. In studies on the helminth fauna of amphibians conducted by numerous researchers, two species of the genus Cosmocerca, namely Cosmocerca ornata (Dujardin, 1845) Diesing, 1861 and C. commutata (Diesing, 1851), have emerged as the most common and extensively studied. This paper elucidates the morphology and molecular characteristics of two nematode species, Cosmocerca commutata and C. ornata, found in the intestines of Pelophylax sp. and Bufotes pewzowi in the Ferghana Valley of Uzbekistan. The captured amphibians were individually kept in plastic bags with water and vegetation until the examination. It is the first record of B. pewzowi as a host for both species C. commutata and C. ornata. Standard methods were used for the fixation and processing of nematodes. These nematodes ?orphologically differ in body size, relative length of spicules and gubernaculum (C. commutata has twice the length of gubernaculum and spicules compared to C. ornata), shape and number of plectanes (C. commutata has 8 pairs of plectans and 4 pairs of caudal papillae, while C. ornata has 5 pairs of plectanes and 3 pairs of caudal papillae), and tail morphology and length. The morphological evidence supports that C. commutata and C. ornata commonly parasitize anurans in Uzbekistan. This study provides molecular data of both species and their sequences differed by 1.5% (6 bp) in the ITS1+5.8S+ITS2 region. Each species of them formed a well-supported clade in the phylogenetic tree. Our findings contribute to the comprehension of species and genetic diversity of the genus Cosmocerca in Uzbekistan.

The main aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the course designed by the author, which focuses on practical application, in improving students' pedagogical skills. Furthermore, the research aims to identify the challenges faced by teacher education institutions in this context and examine the mechanisms involved in improving pedagogical capabilities. The evaluation of students' instructional capacity is conducted through the utilization of both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The Mann-Whitney U-test statistical test was used to confirm that the data conformed to the normal distribution law. The research encompassed a sample of 51 students from Zhetysu University, specifically named after I. Zhansugurov, located in Kazakhstan. The results showed that the conditions for supporting the pedagogical potential of students are not sufficiently created at the university. This demonstrated the necessity of the upcoming tasks, which included the introduction of the author's practice-oriented course and the development of pedagogical environments for the preparation of future educators to enhance their pedagogical potential. Finally, higher education policy experts in Kazakhstan might employ "practice-oriented courses" and pedagogical settings to improve the pedagogical expertise of future educators in pedagogical universities.

Neurotargeting prioritizes emotions in understanding collective unconscious and individual behavior. Comparative emotive linguistics reveals cross-cultural emotional expression variations. Despite extensive emotion research, gaps remain due to differing response norms. Psychology understands emotions well, but lacks universal classification, hindering linguistic description. Confusion between emotion and emotive obscures psychophysiological and verbal distinctions. Nonverbal emotives, reflecting emotions, require analysis of generation and expression mechanisms. This study examines color's role in conveying negative emotions in Kazakh writer A. Nurpeisov's "Blood and Sweat" and American writer T. Dreiser's "Trilogy of Desire." Authors use linguistic and nonverbal methods to portray emotions. Hypothesis: color as emotive state designation functions with "permissible-unacceptable" and "good-bad" evaluations, evident in shaping emotional reality perception. Analyzing coloristic negative emotives uncovers ethno-cultural metaphorical models, connecting emotive coloronyms with basic emotional concepts. Findings aid standardizing cognitive mechanisms for understanding mental experiences and comparative emotive linguistic terminology.