Purpose Consumer choices are influenced by available resources, and time is increasingly recognised as a valuable and scarce resource. This study aims to assess the effect of chronic time pressure (CTP) on the desire to stay in retail venues (DTS), considering the mediating role of utilitarian and hedonic shopping motivations and the moderating role of time management (TM); and examine the role of DTS in enhancing the shopping outcomes of satisfaction, patronage intentions and positive word-of-mouth (WOM). Design/methodology/approach Two survey-based studies were conducted, employing structural equation modelling (SEM) and Hayes’ PROCESS Model No. 1 to test the proposed model. Findings The findings indicate that CTP does not have a direct impact on shopping utilitarian motivations or DTS. However, it has a direct effect on hedonic motivations that mediate the path from CTP to DTS. In addition, TM positively moderates both paths from CTP and hedonic motivations to DTS. Finally, the results demonstrate that reinforcing shopper DTS leads to increased satisfaction, patronage intentions and positive WOM. Research limitations/implications Based on the findings, theoretical contributions and actionable managerial implications regarding how to leverage CTP and TM to enhance shopper engagement and retail venue outcomes are discussed. Originality/value While prior research has often focused on situational time pressure, this study concentrates on CTP and examines the impact of perceived time constraints and feeling rushed on utilitarian and hedonic shopping motivations and DTS. Moreover, the study tests the moderating role of TM and provides evidence that DTS leads to other desirable shopping outcomes.

Purpose This study investigates the UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy Network as a global spatial brand and explore the tensions that emerge when this global brand is appropriated locally. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on case study research that uses critical discourse analysis to identify the implications of a transferable learning capacity. Findings This paper identifies three different types of tensions in place brand management that emerge during the local appropriation of global brands: tensions inherent in multi-scalarity, tensions associated with integrating governance and strategy-related tensions. Originality/value This study advances the theoretical understanding of the spatial complexity inherent in place brand management practices by focusing on the UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy Network as a global brand in a Scandinavian context.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between being an inclusive city and branding oneself as such, as more cities adopt the inclusive city concept as part of their brand identity. Design/methodology/approach This paper builds theory by introducing a typology that categorizes cities based on their level of inclusion and degree of branding, supplemented by an analysis of the branding practices and identities. Integrating the literature on inclusive city and city branding, with a specific focus on the inherent conflict between their sharing and competing attributes, this research postulates that a city may choose to engage in being inclusive and branding itself as such in various ways depending on its dominant motivations of altruism or entrepreneurialism. Findings Four distinct types of inclusive city branding are identified: inclusion ambassadors (high inclusion and high branding); innate champions (high inclusion and low branding); façade marketers (low inclusion and high branding); and silent segregators (low inclusion and low branding). Furthermore, it underscores that inclusive city branding is shaped by the interplay of entrepreneurialism and altruism, not just a city’s inclusion. Different branding practices, such as media-generated images, narratives and events, are emphasized when entrepreneurialism is the primary motivation, whereas iconic architecture buildings, flagship projects and long-term policies are more associated with altruism. Originality/value This study develops a typology to unravel the paradoxical aspects of inclusive city branding. Examining the intersection of city branding motivations and practices enriches existing literature. Moreover, its findings offer valuable insights for cities grappling with the implementation of contentious inclusive branding strategies, thereby bridging theory with practical applications.

Purpose This paper aims to address what it means to brand a city as “smart”. In other words, what ideas, understandings and actions are mobilized by the discourse of smart cities in a particular context. Design/methodology/approach Taking a brand interpretive approach, this paper uses deconstructive criticism to understand the performativity of smart cities within the Brazilian Charter for Smart Cities and to expose hegemonic power structures and the various colonizations that disenfranchise consumers and citizens of the Global South. Findings This paper finds that the branding of smart cities within the Brazilian Charter for Smart Cities is largely performative and rhetorical in nature. The authors identify those dimensions of the smart city that are materialized by this branding performance. For example, the authors identify how the Charter calls forth issues around technological solutionism, sustainability and social inclusion. At the same time, the analysis draws attention to the dimensions of smart cities that are disguised by such performances. Research limitations/implications The implications of the work suggest that the authors need to understand the designation “smart city” as a branding performance. More research is required in context to determine in exactly what ways smart city projects are being implemented. Practical implications Rather than adhering only to the rhetoric of smartness, cities have to work hard to make smartness a reality – a smartness constructed not just on technical solutions but also on human solutions. That is, the complexity of urban issues that are apparently addressed in the move to smartness demand more than a technological fix. Originality/value The research offers a novel lens through which to view smart cities.

PurposeThis account becomes both a theoretical and a methodological exploration of walking with the law; as such the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate how we migh walk in order to attend to how the law makes the built environment possible, how it shapes and creates places to be lived in, visited and experienced and how the law manifests in human encounters and interactions in the everyday life of the city.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the authors combine a walking narrative approach with an open-ended interview to raise awareness of the law’s hidden presence in the urban environment. The authors explore the city of Sheffield, in Yorkshire, in the North of England, to learn about its past, regeneration and future development by combining the appreciation of the built environment, as experienced by the senses and movement, with a guided tour.FindingsThis study highlights the interconnectivity of law and place both objectively and subjectively: the authors discuss sensorial experiences of law, and also elaborate on the normativity of law, as manifested in the regulation and the making of urban places in Sheffield.Originality/valueThe originality lies in the combination of methods used to appreciate the manifestation of law in the built environment, comprising interview, autoethnographic elements and walking (multisensory experience).