This research aims to analyze industrial conditions in Indonesia with a focus on the oil and gas processing industry (oil and gas) and non-oil and gas industries. This study uses a descriptive approach by collecting secondary data from various official sources such as the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the Ministry of Industry, and the annual reports of related companies. The analysis results show that the oil and gas and non-oil and gas processing industries have a significant contribution to the Indonesian economy, but face different challenges. The oil and gas industry, although it plays a large role in state revenues and exports, experiences fluctuations in world oil prices which affect its stability. On the other hand, the non-oil and gas industry shows more stable and diversified growth, with sectors such as manufacturing, textiles and electronics being the main pillars. This research also identifies various factors that influence the development of these two types of industry, including government policy, foreign investment, and infrastructure. It is hoped that these findings can provide insight for policy makers and stakeholders in formulating strategies to advance industry in Indonesia.

This research examines the "Historical and Pragmatic Approach Strategy" in the context of policy analysis and implementation. The historical approach focuses on tracing policy developments from the past to understand the context and factors that influenced their formation. Meanwhile, the pragmatic approach emphasizes implementing practical solutions that are adaptive to current situations and dynamic needs. Through a combination of these two approaches, this research aims to produce a more comprehensive and responsive policy strategy. This study uses qualitative methods with secondary data analysis from various historical and contemporary policy sources. The research results show that a combination of historical and pragmatic approaches can increase policy effectiveness by enriching understanding of the roots of problems and offering solutions that are relevant and applicable in the current context.

This research aims to analyze the dilemma of population problems which can act as an obstacle or driver of development. In this study, demographic factors such as population growth, population distribution, and socio-economic dynamics are evaluated to understand their impact on the development process. Through qualitative methods, this research collects and analyzes secondary data from various sources, including population reports, development studies, and academic literature. The research results show that population conditions can become an obstacle when population growth is not balanced with infrastructure and resource capacity. However, with proper management, population can also be a driver of development through optimizing the workforce and increasing productivity. The conclusion of this research emphasizes the importance of adaptive and data-based policy strategies to overcome population dilemmas in the context of sustainable development.

The Indonesian economy is currently experiencing better and increasing economic growth. In optimizing economic development and regional growth in Indonesia, it is necessary to have an industrial spatial pattern in Small and Medium Industries and Home Industries. With the spatial pattern of industry, it can be known that the area with the highest industrial centralization and the lowest industrial concentralization area in Indonesia.

This research aims to analyze the structure of industrial market clusters in the context of the public sector. The industrial market cluster structure refers to the pattern of relationships between companies in a sector that are interrelated in the aspects of production, distribution and marketing. This research uses a primary and secondary data analysis approach to identify patterns and relationships between entities in the public sector. Through the use of cluster analysis methods, this research describes the relationship between companies in the public sector based on characteristics such as industry specialization, geographic location, and marketing networks. The results of this analysis can provide valuable insights for policy makers and stakeholders in understanding the dynamics of industrial markets in the public sector as well as the potential for collaboration and competition between industry players.

The Indonesian economy is currently experiencing significant growth, which can be measured through its balance of payments. The balance of payments is a systematic record of international economic transactions between the residents of a country and those of other countries over a specific period of time. The development of the balance of payments is closely related to the growth of the real, fiscal, and monetary sectors. The balance of payments can be considered an indicator of a country's economic condition because it allows a country to measure the size of the flow of funds from abroad, both incoming and outgoing. The balance of payments also serves as an important tool, as it records all economic transactions involving the exchange of goods, services, and financial assets between the residents of a country and those of other countries.

The industrial sector is one of the main sectors as a driver of the national economy, in which the industrial sector is one of the main sectors of economic development, but still has to pay attention to conditions in other sectors. One of them is the furniture industry, the Bukir Pasuruan furniture industry which is able to bear the title of the main furniture producer in East Java. The Bukir furniture industry is able to make a significant contribution to improving the regional economy. Its existence has opened many jobs for the local community. The purpose of this study is to identify the potential in the carved furniture industry along with the strategies used to increase industrial activity. The method used in this research is in the form of descriptive statistics, namely research that describes the characteristics and actual conditions of an object of research with a strategy to increase industrial development by conducting a SWOT analysis. The results obtained from this study are that the potential in the carving furniture industry will continue if factors such as government support, skilled workers, adequate capital market share and good marketing strategies are continuously developed. From the SWOT analysis, a SWOT matrix is ​​also produced which can be used by craftsmen and entrepreneurs in developing their business strategy

The realization of economic growth and development cannot be separated from the support of the allocation of funds used to make it happen. These expenditures will increase aggregate spending and increase the level of economic activity in the country (Sukirno, 2004). From this aspect, research was carried out using a qualitative descriptive method originating from the BPS City of Surabaya. The results obtained by the regional budget in the city of Surabaya from 2018 – 2020 have fluctuated. In 2019 the regional budget for the City of Surabaya increased by 26.24% while it decreased in the following year by 22.18%. While in 2019 Surabaya City's GRDP increased by 6.08%, but in 2020 it decreased by 4.85% due to Covid-19.

The success of a country in improving the welfare of its people can be measured by the level of economic growth that has been achieved, high and stable economic growth from year to year means that people's welfare has increased. East Java Province is the second largest contributor to the Indonesian economy with a growth rate on par with the national level and other major provinces in Java. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of economic growth in East Java province in 2022. This research uses a qualitative method with a library research approach. The results of this study show that the East Java Economy in 2022 will experience a growth of 5.34 percent. Growth occurred in almost all business fields except Mining and Quarrying. Business fields that experienced significant growth were Transportation and Warehousing.

This study aims to describe how Indonesia's foreign debt isdeveloping, the impact of foreign debt on the Indonesian economy and what alternative policies can be taken to mitigate the negative impact of foreign debt on the Indonesian economy. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The data collection technique used is observation and study of documents/documentation. Documentary research is a data collection technique for conducting a review of books, documents, records, and reports relating to a problem to be handled. The research data was obtained from various government agency publications such as Bank Indonesia, the Central Bureau of Statistics and the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia. The results of the study show that external debt (ULN) can drive Indonesia's economic growth in industries that absorb high external debt (ULN). Domestic savings play an increasingly important role.