Eliminating extreme poverty is the mandate of the Indonesian constitution. This study's methodology is qualitative, specializing in designing poverty eradication policy analysis as an entrepreneurial ecosystem. Indonesia's extreme poverty condition will be at 1.74% in 2023. The government has created a program to eliminate extreme poverty, which can meet needs from the health aspect in the form of a Healthy Indonesia card, the food aspect in the form of rice for low-income families, and the education aspect in the form of an intelligent Indonesia card. Of these three aspects, there needs to be an aspect so that low-income families continue to get income to meet their living needs and avoid falling into extreme poverty with an entrepreneurial ecosystem in the form of social entrepreneurship. According to the findings of this study, the government may use a Penta-helix partnership model with other stakeholders to tackle the issue of eradicating poverty by 2024 and meet the target of 0%-1% severe poverty elimination.

This study aims to investigate evidence on perinatal mental health problems in low-middle income countries (LMICs). Pregnancy that changes women’s physical condition may give unexpected mental health burden to women during and after the pregnancy. While prevalence of perinatal mental health problems higher in LMICs than developed countries, exploration of this issue in LMICSs is still limited. Using narrative literature review, this study provides critical analysis on existing literature about perinatal mental health problems. Findings shows the prevalence of perinatal mental health problems in LMICs is quite high with complex risk factors. Risk factors for pregnant women experiencing mental health problems can come from individuals, families, and communities, including biological and social factors. Social factors determine perinatal mental health problems often related to gender. Therefore, this study proposes gender analysis of perinatal mental problems in LMICs and how gender transformative approach can contribute to promote health of mothers, fathers, and children during the perinatal period.

Starting from non-commercial, user-generated content, grassroots alternative to the industry-controlled major publishers, web-novel writing in Indonesia has formalized business model and grown bigger with the influx of capital. Very little is known about the mutually shaping relationship of the online creative writing market in Indonesia for women in the wider context of the creative labor debate. This paper will analyze the inception of online writing jobs in Indonesia, before probing the formalization process, taking into account all the associated precarity of informal labor. It then looks into its economic and socio-cultural implications, such as the impact on the formal market and how it can improve employment conditions for creative labor. The findings suggest that writing in the platform economy is typecast as women jobs, with many web novel platforms marketing strategies caters to women audiences. Its further growth and expansion will lead to the empowerment and employment of more women in the platform economy. However, women writer working in platform economy in Indonesia are very vulnerable, with most of them occupying the middle-low payment jobs that require complex skills. The proper regulation establishment from government and education about basic employee rights can improve employment conditions for women writers in platform economy.

The purpose of this study was to examine each local government expenditure in the health, education, and economic functions against three indicators forming the Human Development Index (HDI) as a measure to assess community welfare, namely health, education, and economic indicators in 122 underdeveloped regions in Indonesia from 2015-2018 period. The HDI health indicator is measured using Life Expectancy (UHH), the education indicator is represented by School Year Expectation (HLS), and the economic indicator is represented by Population Expenditure per Capita (PPK). In addition, other variables that can affect HDI are included, namely poverty and population growth. The research method used multiple linear regression analysis with the selected model, namely the fixed effect model (FEM). This study used 488-panel data consisting of a combination of 122 cross-sectional data originating from 122 underdeveloped regencies/cities in Indonesia and time series data for 4 years from 2015-2018. The results showed that only local government expenditures in economic function had a positive and significant effect on the HDI economic indicators, namely PPK. If government spending on economic functions increases by 1%, it can increase the expenditure per capita of residents in underdeveloped areas in 2015-2018 by 0.03102%. Meanwhile, local government spending in the health function does not have a significant effect on UHH, and local government spending in the education function does not have a significant effect on HLS. Another result shows that the poverty variable has a negative and significant effect on all HDI indicators in underdeveloped areas.

The purpose of this study seeks to analyze the factors causing the increase in child marriages registered as students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Not only learning loss as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, but also the increase in child marriage. The research was conducted with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data was collected through literature study, document analysis, distributing questionnaires, observation, and interviews. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of child marriages increased by 300 %. From January to June 2020 there were around 34,000 applications for marriage dispensation and around 97% of applications were granted or allowed to marry. This is a drastic increase compared to the total applications in 2019 of 23,700 applications. This makes Indonesia Rank 7 in the World for Child Marriage Cases. The results show that the increase in child marriage in Indonesia is caused by: 1) Changes in learning patterns; 2) The deteriorating economic condition of the family due to COVID-19, these two things are significant factors; 3) belief in religion, family, and customs; 4) the influence of friends who married early into two small factors. The hope is that the government will not let married children stop getting an education. Rather it provides training or courses both to support the economy and parenting.

The soaring price of cooking oil and the shortage of supply in Indonesia since December 2021 have brought the Indonesian palm oil industry back into the spotlight. Indonesia is one of the largest palm oil producers in the world. Although oil palm plantations are recognized as having a major role in alleviating poverty in Indonesia, there is a lot of controversy surrounding the Indonesian palm oil industry, both in terms of poverty alleviation itself and in terms of environmental damage it caused. Using exploratory qualitative method, this paper argues that the palm oil industry controversy stem from different eco-centric and technocentric views of producer and importer countries on how to achieve sustainable agriculture. Using Indonesia as a case, the results shows that arguing palm oil’s role in alleviating poverty and efforts in reducing environmental impact in Indonesia is not enough to quell palm oil industry controversies. The existing sustainability certification system such as RSPO and ISPO are seen as a technocentric solution that is ineffective and inadequate, whereas eco-centric unclear concept of sustainability and the complexity of the palm oil industry production chain is seen as contradictive. The results shows Indonesia needs to further strengthen its perspective on sustainability with more openness of data and improvement of systems in order to overcome the polarization of the narrative that has grown distrust of the palm oil industry. Negative sentiment toward the palm oil industry will not only harm Indonesia's socio-economic status but can also harm the environment, because importing countries may have to abandon palm oil even though they yet have an alternative that is more sustainable than palm oil.

The closure of school activities in Indonesia because of the Covid-19 pandemic brought a spontaneous shift from face-to-face learning to online learning. Early childhood education teachers were challenged to thoughtfully deliver a good quality lesson with the resource limitation due to pandemics. This study directly responds to the challenges and strategies of early childhood teachers to enhance quality learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic. This qualitative study surveyed teachers in the Secang district, one of the rural areas in Indonesia. The study shows that equity concern, digital tools and skills, and decreasing the quality of education were challenges that they experienced during Covid-19 pandemics. Home visits and blended learning were strategies that they used to enhance the learning quality of early childhood education. The paper concluded with implications for stakeholders to elaborate on online teaching and learning and strategies for supporting teachers in the Covid-19 pandemic.

Social media has been used as a form of user character in Cyberspace. The new form of new media that was originally used as a place of self-expression has now built the users’ behavior. The used for representing themselves on social media initially aims to give an impression to other users then occur a cognitive dissonance behavior between behavior in the real world and things uploaded on social media. By using qualitative methods which focus on equilibrium in Tzvetan Todorov’s narrative analysis, researchers want to see the contrast in the behavior of social media users through the film ‘Social Life’. The author uses Impression Management Theory and Cognitive Dissonance Theory to describe and at the same time interpret the impression that the characters want to build in the film as well as the cognitive dissonance of social media users' behavior through the interpretation of the short film ‘Social Life’. The implication of this research is in the form of a narrative plot that shows the uncomfortable situation of the main character (Meredith) due to her desire to display a different self-image on social media so that this cognitive dissonance becomes the main consideration for leaving her social life.

Currently, technological developments have significant impact on people's lives. This development must also be followed by the mentality and readiness of the community to deal with it. One form of effort to keep pace with technological developments is through literacy-based community empowerment. This research focuses on community empowerment through cultivating reading literacy as a step in facing the challenges of the times while creating quality community characters based on literacy skills. Aspects of discussion in this research are alternative literacy movement carried out by the Barru Membaca community in the process of cultivating reading literacy among the people of Barru District, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province and responds of the community to the presence of the Barru Membaca community. This research uses descriptive research with a qualitative approach by conducting interviews with informants. The data analysis technique used is data collection, reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the process of cultivating reading literacy carried out by the Barru Membaca community had been running systematically, efficiently and independently, starting from the planning process of reading literacy acculturation programs, to the program evaluation stage in improving human resources literacy skills.

History subject, as one of the topics with the capacity to mold the nation's character, should stress mentality or emotional intelligence as well as knowledge or academic intelligence. This study employs the Library Research approach, which entails gathering information and data from existing book sources such as Malay history and culture books, past journals, and historical knowledge books. This is part of the Malay culture's character, and character building in the Malay community may be used in any learning topic, particularly history subject. The goal of this study is to demonstrate how Riau Malay culture is being included into history classes. The problem in the area is that the Malay character is not accommodated in school learning; it is doubtful that this generation in Riau Province would conduct in accordance with the Malay personality. Otherwise, Malay culture is implemented or used in every subject, particularly history instruction. However, implementation Malay culture of Riau into history education may be an input and source of information where instructors can apply character development to pupils while also developing historical education understanding.