Abstract The United Kingdom is bound by international obligations to uphold “the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion” and domestic legislation reflects those obligations. The courts have held that to be protected, a belief must genuine, must not be a mere opinion, must attain a certain level of cogency, seriousness and importance and must be “worthy of respect in a democratic society”. How this plays out, however, in areas such as education, children’s rights and employment is highly sensitive to the specific facts of each case – which are often inconsistent, as the article explains. Much of the article examines the decisions of the courts in individual cases. It concludes with a discussion of the possible trajectory of domestic political debate at a time when there have been repeated calls for a “British Bill of Rights” and the Westminster Government is questioning more generally the constitutional role of the judiciary.

The purpose of the research was to discover the views of three groups of International students who were undertaking their Higher Education (HE) in a publicly-funded college, rather than a university setting. A comparative survey was undertaken by International students attending an American Community College, an Australian Technical and Further Education Institute and a group of English colleges which offer Higher Education. All three groups were satisfied with their provision. The college setting was perceived to offer higher levels of support than would have been available at a university, plus enhanced employability prospects and lower fees than those charged by a university. The status of an Australian, English or American HE qualification was important, as was the reputation of their particular college. The market for International students is highly competitive and largely driven by universities. The English experience suggests that colleges should focus on the marketing of specialist courses. In all cases, the fact that teaching staff were primarily teachers, rather than researchers was highly valued by respondents, as was their currency in their subject. However, there were strong feelings about value for money and the ability to engage with Home students and wider Australian, British or American culture. International students choose to study abroad because they want to broaden their own horizons and learn more about other cultures: many respondents found these opportunities to be limited. In order to help address this, an International student recruitment Checklist for senior college staff is presented as part of the research findings. Keywords: Higher Education, International students, colleges, value-for-money.

ABSTRACTHigher education institutions (HEIs) are increasingly being measured using key performance indicators (KPIs) such as student retention, success, achievement and attendance. There is a dearth of research focusing on group dynamics within classroom settings, with very little focusing on cohesion. There is, however, evidence, in organisational and sports settings, that cohesion can have a positive impact upon performance and adherence to group activities. More cohesive classes may therefore result in improved performance in higher education (HE) . This study aimed to examine whether group cohesion was related to markers of student success in higher education (HE) classes in three English colleges. Participants were 107 first-year sports students who completed the Perceived Cohesion Scale for Small Groups (PCS) at the end of semesters one and two. Responses were correlated with student attendance, success, achievement and retention. Results indicated that attendance was positively correlated with cohesion (r = 0.4, p = 0.01), but no other relationships emerged. The effect sizes were higher in semester two than in semester one, which suggests that cohesion may develop over time in student groups. The findings indicate that cohesion may be important to enhance attendance at colleges and that building cohesion should be a priority for classroom managers.

“Horror” is not often associated with nineteenth-century British plays. Although critics have explored “Gothic dramas,” monster spectacles, and supernatural theatre, there has been minimal attention to horror as a distinct theatrical mode. Winter unveils a very dark side to nineteenth-century theatre by uncovering meticulous horror mechanisms aimed to petrify audiences throughout the period. The stage technologies, gruesome scenes, and searing suspense all arrested the audiences’ attention, which provided platforms for voicing societal concerns in the plays’ contexts. Three representative dramas based on Frankenstein (1823), Sweeney Todd (1847), and ghostly mystery (1871) are examined to illustrate the genre’s shifting trends. Winter’s analysis thus provides an informative overview, whilst also casting light upon horror’s overlooked prevalence in the era’s theatres, where the roots of horror film lie.

This chapter explores the issues which surround the development of a culture of research and scholarly activity within the college-based higher education sector in the United Kingdom. It uses as a case study the North East College Regional Scholarship Network (NECRSN), which contains a number of providers who are collaborating on the development of scholarly activity within, and across, their institutions. This chapter uses the experience of the participants in the NECRSN to explore the challenges at institutional and departmental levels of inculcating a culture of scholarly activity within college-based higher education. The activities of the network are used as an example to demonstrate how a collaborative approach at a regional level can stimulate innovation and alleviate some of the pressures on academics pursuing research within a vocational setting. The approach has now been operating for one year, and has seen some initial success.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of a joint study carried out with groups of colleges in England and technical and further education (TAFE) institutes in Australia. It looks at the factors which promote the delivery of higher technical skills and the infrastructure arrangements that are needed for success. It relates these to the debate concerning the promotion of higher and degree apprenticeships (HAs and DAs) in England. Design/methodology/approach The report is derived from a series of interviews with college and TAFE staff. A policy comparison is also included to provide context. Findings The outcome of the study suggests that similar factors affect the decision to offer, pursue and contribute to the development of higher technical skills in both countries. HAs and DAs are an English construct and the experience of colleges involved in HAs adds a valuable contribution to discussions surrounding the marketing and delivery of DAs. The Australian decision not to pursue either structure encourages reflection on what it is that governments are trying to achieve and what lessons can be learned from their approach. Research limitations/implications The study was carried out within the non-university sector in both countries. Colleges and TAFE institutes are more likely to offer practice-based higher education (HE), have teaching staff with industry backgrounds and have long-established engagement with employers that may be found within universities. The paper was therefore written from a distinctive environment. However, it is likely that the issues identified apply to universities and private providers of HE as much as to colleges and TAFEs. Practical implications The findings suggest that developing HAs or DAs should not be seen merely as just another marketing opportunity. The hybrid nature of both structures requires a holistic approach to delivery on the part of institutional leaders that leads to significant overhaul of internal communications networks, quality assurance schemes and staff development. Originality/value The paper is one of relatively few published documents which focus on the role of dual sector colleges and TAFE institutes in the delivery of HE and higher technical skills. It offers insight into how government pressure for a particular style of HE, deemed necessary for the national economic interest of both countries, can be made into a reality. By using the expertise that already exists within the college and TAFE sectors and their established links with employers, more effective changes can be made at a faster pace.

Table of contentP3 Medial longitudinal arch development of school childrenJasper W.K. Tong, Veni P. KongP4 Is measuring the subtalar joint reliable?Lily Sze, Susie Gale, John Veto, Carla McArdleP5 Comparison of turning gait biomechanics between able-bodied and unilateral transtibial amputee participantsThanaporn Tunprasert, Victoria Bradley, Siobhan StrikeP6 Comparison of walking gait biomechanics between able-bodied and unilateral transtibial amputee participants using a new model of energy-storage-and-return (ESAR) prostheticThanaporn Tunprasert, Victoria Bradley, Siobhan StrikeP7 An observational study of in-shoe plantar and dorsal pressures of skilled downhill skiers on a dry ski slopeRobert Ashford, Roozbeth Naemi, Nachiappan Chocklingam, Xavi de BlascP8 If the shoe fits: a footwear choice toolkit informed by social science methodologiesLisa Farndon, Vicki Robinson, Emily NichollsP9 The identification of emotions from gaitTabitha Birch, Ivan BirchP11 Experience of foot problems in patients with systemic lupus erythematosusSimon Otter, Sunil Kumar, Peter Gow, Nicola Dalbeth, Michael Corkill, Kevin Davies, Sam Panthakalam, Maheswaran Rohan, Keith RomeP14 Negative pressure wound therapy for the management of foot wounds in the diabetic population: a review of the literatureChloe Egan, Lisa ChandlerP15 Lower limb vascular assessment in diabetes: a multifaceted assessment of objective screening techniquesPeta Tehan, Vivienne Chuter, Jennifer Sonter, Sean LantingP16 Improving outcomes for diabetes foot complicationsLorna HicksP17 Acupuncture… an alternative or adjunctive treatment option for diabetes-related neuropathic pain?Christopher Joyce, David Watterson, Caroline McIntoshP18 “My back is in agony” – A cross-sectional study into the relationship between musculoskeletal complaints and a whole body postural risk assessment in podiatry studentsChristopher Joyce, Nigel RobertsP19 Swabs of the treatment couches: Does the material type and texture of podiatric treatment couches increase microorganism contamination?Jacqueline Forss, Chrystalla Charalambous, Jack Kirby, Oluwakemi OjoP20 Does increased exudate viscosity effect the absorption rate of exudate into four different wound dressings?Jacqueline Forss, Sarah Caukill, Jacqueline Capon, Radiance Fong, Louis LoyP21 An investigation into the microbial load of a 40 °C and 60 °C washMatthew Diment, Madeleine Murray, Mairghread Ellis, Carla McArdleP23 The sensitivity and specificity of the toe brachial index in detecting peripheral arterial disease: a systematic review and meta-analysisPeta Tehan, Vivienne Chuter, Christopher OldmeadowP24 Medicines management activities and non-medical prescribing within podiatry and physiotherapy: an integrative review of the literatureNicola Carey, Karen Stenner, Heather Gage, Jane Brown, Peter Williams, Simon Otter, Ann Moore, Jude Edwards, Freda Mold, Molly CourtenayA7.2 Non-invasive vascular assessment in the foot with Diabetes: Diagnostic accuracy of ankle brachial index, toe brachial index and continuous wave DopplerPeta Tehan, Alan Bray, Vivienne ChuterA7.5 The efficacy of dressings on post nail surgery phenolised woundsPamela HindmoorB7.1 Cross-sectional study investigating the role of proximal and distal factors in the development of patellofemoral joint painCraig Gwynne, Sarah CurranB7.2 Podiatrist’s interpretation and use of evidence in MSK practiceAndy BridgenB7.4 Predictors of falling in older podiatry patients – findings from the REFORM studyCaroline Fairhurst, Dr Joy Adamson, Belen Corbacho Martin, Sarah Cockayne, Prof Catherine Hewitt, Kate Hicks, Anne-Maree Keenan, Lorraine Loughrey-Green, Hylton Menz, Anthony Redmond, Sara Rodgers, Jude Watson, David Torgerson, Robin Hull, Sarah Lamb, Caroline McIntosh, Wesley Vernon, Lisa FarndonB7.5 The REFORM study: Insole preference, requirements and compliance of podiatry patient’s aged 65 and over and at risk of fallingLorraine Loughrey-Green, Sarah Cockayne, Anthony Redmond, Anne-Maree Keenan, Sara Rodgers, Lisa Farndon, Wesley Vernon, David Torgerson, Caroline Fairhurst, Jude Watson, Hylton Menz, Sarah Lamb, Robin HullB7.6 A podiatry intervention to reduce falls in care home residents is feasible and demonstrates benefits: results from PIRFECT, a feasibility randomised controlled trialGavin Wylie, Zoe Young, Brian Williams, Frank Sullivan, Hylton Menz, Simon Ogston, Jacqui MorrisC7.1 A survey exploring footwear habits in people with stroke and people with Parkinson’sCathy Bowen, Dorit Kunkel, Mark Cole, Margaret Donovan-Hall, Ruth Pickering, Malcolm Burnett, Dan Bader, Judy Robison, Louis Mamode, Ann AshburnC7.2 Painful foot osteoarthritis; a common symptom in a common pathology?Peter McQueen, Maxine Daniels, Michael Doherty, Nigel Arden, Cathy BowenC7.4 Clinical diagnosis of symptomatic forefoot neuroma in the general population: Delphi based recommendationsCharlotte Dando, Lindsey Cherry, Cathy BowenC7.5 The development and implementation of a Clinical Quality Improvement Framework suitable for use in community servicesNichola StefanouC7.6 The REFORM study - methodological considerations in running a cohort randomised controlled trial within a podiatry patient caseloadSarah Cockayne, Joy Adamson, Caroline Fairhurst, Catherine Hewitt, Anne-Maree Keenan, Sally Lamb, Lorraine Loughrey-Green, Caroline McIntosh, Hylton Menz, Anthony Redmond, Sara Rodgers, Wesley Vernon, Jude Watson, Lisa Farndon, Belen Corbacho, Robin Hull, David TorgersonA31 Jewel in the crown: Exploring the factors contributing to the development and impact of foot problems in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc)Begonya Alcacer-Pitarch, Anthony Redmond, Maya Buch, Anne-Maree Keenan

The context for this research is a residential learning weekend which is embedded into all postgraduate programmes at Newcastle Business School via a management development module entitled ‘Developing Self’. The objective of this study was to identify and explore how participatory learning in multicultural groups enables international students to increase their self-awareness and to develop team-building and leadership skills. Using an interpretivist methodology comprising semi-structured interviews with 14 self-selected international students, the data are analysed using the funnel structure of progressive focusing and is presented alongside a number of illuminating quotes. Our findings show that students perceive participatory learning to provide significant benefits to their studies as well as their future career as managers.

The current interventions for children with DCD are predominantly provided by the OT and Physiotherapist. There is a lack of research related to podiatric interventions for the symptoms and disability resulting from DCD in children. The Podiatrist commonly undertakes assessment including: balance deficits, examination of a patient's postural control and gait. Although no studies have identified appropriate interventions for deficits in children with Dyspraxia they are important factors that can substantially affect a patient's function and are important areas for study. A thorough examination of the patient's postural alignment, muscle strength and gait pattern will aid a targeted treatment in which specific exercises and orthotics can be prescribed to improve impairments identified but no studies have been performed to assess their effectiveness in reducing pain or disability. The main objective of this research was to review the clinical outcomes in a cohort of paediatric patients diagnosed with dyspraxia, attending biomechanics clinic and who had accessed podiatric care for the first time during the course of their condition.

This article reports the results of two experiments, each investigating a different eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) protocol for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and each with two young adult male participants with long-standing unremitting OCD. Two adaptations of Shapiro’s (2001) phobia protocol were developed, based on the theoretical view that OCD is a self-perpetuating disorder, with OCD compulsions and obsessions and current triggers reinforcing and maintaining the disorder. Both adaptations begin by addressing current obsessions and compulsions, instead of working on past memories; one strategy delays the cognitive installation phase; the other uses mental video playback in the desensitization of triggers. The four participants received 14–16 one-hour sessions, with no assigned homework. They were assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), with scores at pretreatment in the extreme range (mean = 35.3). Symptom improvement was reported by participants after 2 or 3 sessions. Scores at posttreatment were in the subclinical/mild range for all participants (mean = 8.5). Follow-up assessments were conducted at 4–6 months, indicating maintenance of treatment effects (mean = 7.5). Symptom reduction was 70.4% at posttreatment and 76.1% at follow-up for the Adapted EMDR Phobia Protocol and 81.4% at posttreatment and at follow-up for the Adapted EMDR Phobia Protocol with Video Playback. Theoretical implications are discussed, and future research is recommended.