Despite the antibiotic sale prohibition without medical prescription since 2010, excessive and often inappropriate antibiotic prescription and self-medication, are still common practices in Brazil. Indiscriminate antibiotic use is directly involved with the dissemination of resistant bacteria causing serious infections increasingly difficult to treat. The present review work exposes data about the prescription and consumption of antibiotics in Brazil in the last decade and reveals a worrisome panorama about antibiotic use in the country.

The aim of the study was to formulate Moringa oleifera leaf extract into silver nanoparticles using green synthesis method and evaluating their antihypertensive activity. The traditional plant Moringa oleifera is an integral part of the Indian diet and has various beneficial effects in its leaves, stems, flowers, seeds, roots and bark. It has been reported for various properties including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antihypertensive antioxidative, anti tumorogenic and also many other properties. In the present study, initially leaves of Moringa oleifera was extracted with ethanol using Soxhlet apparatus then it has been formulated as a silver nanoparticle using silver nitrate by green synthesis method. The synthesized nanoparticle was evaluated using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy and Zeta sizer. The results show the incorporation of the silver ions in the extract and also the reduction of particle size in nano range. The invitro antihypertensive activity was carried out using Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor assay for the standard drug and the formulated silver nanoparticle and found that the percentage inhibition of silver nanoparticle complies with the percentage inhibition of standard drug. It is seen that the silver nanoparticles have good hypertensive inhibition. Hence silver nanoparticles of Moringa oleifera leaf extract can be used as a potential alternative to traditional synthetic drugs by using this non-toxic safe way of green synthesis.

An 18-year-old male sustained an isolated gunshot wound to the abdomen with an entrance wound in the right lower quadrant. He was transported to a level 1 trauma center from an outlying hospital. He received tranexamic acid (1 gram) during transport. At the time of admission, he was alert and able to follow commands. The initial vital signs revealed Blood pressure - 136/110 Pulse-90 Respirations -21 and a temperature-97.9 degree. An initial FAST was positive. The CXR was clear. An arterial blood gas was performed with a base deficit of 0. The hemoglobin was 11.3 with a platelet count of 138,000. The patient was taken to the operating room for exploration with a unit of packed cells infusing.

1.1. Background and Objectives: In the current scenario, there are different therapies for different diseases of human and animals. The existed therapies are associated with hurdles like drug resistance, less sensitivity, side effects, uneconomical, etc. However, none of the therapies provide multi-disease management on a molecular basis. Every disease originates due to inter and/or intra-molecular (cell/ tissue) changes, which changes their respective chemical bonds. Therapies focusing to rectify the molecular changes (molecular medicine) are growing slowly, which could act as a single remedy, but needs extensive multi-faculty research.

1.1. Background: Pure Red Cell Aplasia (PRCA) is a very rare syndrome responsible for severe anemia due to absence or significant reduction of erythroid precursors in the bone marrow. It’s etiology is variable, ranging from a congenital disease to an acquired one. Secondary acquired PRCA may be associated with several conditions, including Thymic Tumors. 1.2. Case Presentation: A 42-year-old male presented to the Internal Medicine department with constitutional symptoms: non-intentional weight-loss, palpitations, somnolence. Clinical investigation showed a severe normocytic normochromic anemia, with significant reticulocytopenia. Due to clinical status, several blood transfusions were needed. Further investigation with bone marrow biopsy showed intact precursors for platelets and leukocytes, with absence of erythroid precursors; the primary diagnostic hypothesis was Pure Red Cell Aplasia, with no etiology well defined, however. In order to rule out other conditions, imaging scans were performed; the chest CT showed a large mediastinal expansive formation, compatible with Thymoma. Patient was submitted to Thymectomy by the Thoracic Surgery team, with posterior improvement of clinical and hemodynamic status. Even so, for definitive remission of the PRCA, a bone marrow transplant was needed. The patient was successfully treated and remains healthy so far.