A comparative study of three different tight-focusing schemes for high-power lasers is performed numerically. Using the Stratton-Chu formulation, the electromagnetic field in the vicinity of the focus is evaluated for a short-pulse laser beam incident upon an on-axis high numerical aperture parabola (HNAP), an off-axis parabola (OAP), and a transmission parabola (TP). Linearly- and radially-polarized incident beams are considered. It is demonstrated that while all the focusing configurations yield intensities above 1023 W/cm2 for a 1 PW incident beam, the nature of the focused field can be drastically modified. In particular, it is shown that the TP, with its focal point behind the parabola, actually converts an incoming linearly-polarized beam into an m = 2 vector beam. The strengths and weaknesses of each configuration are discussed in the context of future laser-matter interaction experiments. Finally, a generalization of NA calculations up to 4π-illumination is proposed through the solid angle formulation, providing a universal way to compare light cones from any kind of optics.

Native title rights to take resources for unconstrained or commercial purposes were first recognised almost a decade ago, but the significance and uptake of such rights in Australia is now heightened. Resource ownership and management are critical components of global sustainable development and Indigenous interest holders play a key role in that space. The gradual acceptance of resource use by traditional owners in a modern economy reflects more developed trends overseas such as in Canada. Reluctance to concede the commercial exercise of native title rights may be due not only to evidential thresholds (required by state governments to enter consensual determinations), but also concerns about the possible consequential legal impacts for those governments and other interest holders. This article considers potential consequences of recognising native title rights to take resources for any purpose in several developing areas of native title jurisprudence including: quantum of native title compensation, the regulation of native title under resource management legislation enacted since the Native Title Act 1993 (Cth), competing claims to resource ownership and use, and the risks for government where prior assumptions of resource ownership are displaced by determined native title.

From Catholics performing the sign of the cross since the 4th century to Americans reciting the Pledge of Allegiance since the 1890s, group rituals (i.e., predefined sequences of symbolic actions) have strikingly consistent features over time. Seven studies (N = 4,213) document the sacrosanct nature of rituals: Because group rituals symbolize sacred group values, even minor alterations to them provoke moral outrage and punishment. In Pilot Studies A and B, fraternity members who failed to complete initiation activities that were more ritualistic elicited relatively greater moral outrage and hazing from their fraternity brothers. Study 1 uses secular holiday rituals to explore the dimensions of ritual alteration-both physical and psychological-that elicit moral outrage. Study 2 suggests that altering a ritual elicits outrage even beyond the extent to which the ritual alteration is seen as violating descriptive and injunctive norms. In Study 3, group members who viewed male circumcision as more ritualistic (i.e., Jewish vs. Muslim participants) expressed greater moral outrage in response to a proposal to alter circumcision to make it safer. Study 4 uses the Pledge of Allegiance ritual to explore how the intentions of the person altering the ritual influence observers' moral outrage and punishment. Finally, in Study 5, even minor alterations elicited comparable levels of moral outrage to major alterations of the Jewish Passover ritual. Across both religious and secular rituals, the more ingroup members believed that rituals symbolize sacred group values, the more they protected their rituals-by punishing those who violated them. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Whether it’s <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Pong</i> , <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Super Mario Bros.</i> , or <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Fortnite</i> , there’s something about playing your first video game that captures the imagination. Competition, active participation, and immersion in a new world have been hallmarks of the video game industry since its very beginning. Modern technology has helped create a <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Rampage</i> -like gorilla of an industry, ringing up more than US$175 billion in sales in 2020. (For children of the 1980s, who furiously pumped coins into arcade cabinets, that’s a whopping 700 billion quarters!) However, it was the ingenuity and conviction of the progenitors of video games that got the proverbial trackball rolling.

A competitive, attractive and even unique project or product, without its wide representation in the information space, will not receive proper implementation and response. Without effective promotion in the mass media, and this applies to almost any sphere from the economy to culture, the creation process will be incomplete and incomplete. Creating a visual production requires a deep understanding of various communication processes: the laws of communication, the basics of audience perception, cognitive principles, as well as the basics of drama and Public Relations. The article is based on the understanding of theoretical knowledge and scientific sources on this topic, as well as the practical long-term experience of the author of the study in creating visual works of different genres, styles and directions. The material of this study is given on the example of the sphere of cultural and event tourism, however, the scope of application is much wider. This concept, due to its universality, can be used for the preparation of visual works and their further promotion in the media space in various fields of application, e.g. economy, society, culture, ecology, besides it provides a methodological component for teaching students of specialized areas.

Jacquelyn Adams began her training career teaching high school math in Swahili in a rural Tanzanian village for two years as a Peace Corps volunteer. Upon returning to the United States, she combined her love of teaching with her B.S. degree in computer engineering to become a corporate engineering trainer. After spending a decade as a top-rated instructor, she founded a consulting company, Ristole. Adams is an IEEE Senior Member and serves as the vice chair of both the IEEE's Continuing Education Committee and Public Visibility Committee. She has received local and national recognition for her professional achievements. including Top 40 Under 40, Entrepreneurial Achievement, Outstanding Young Alumni, and Outstanding Woman in Business awards. Her blog, Lessons on Leadership (https://insight.ieeeusa.org/jacquelyn-adams/), shares leadership development tips and has become the most read column on IEEE-USA InSight. Adams also hosts the IEEE.tv channel Jacquelyn Worx, which focuses on the future of work and career development.

Millions of individuals around the world face challenges enjoying their right to a nationality, and millions more face challenges enjoying their right to adequate housing. While these human rights violations are recognised in general terms, little research has considered the extent to which these human rights abuses intersect as stateless persons face violations of specific socioeconomic rights, especially the right to adequate housing. This research attempts to fill that gap. This analysis explores the term adequate housing and the various legal instruments that enshrine this right, as well as the unique challenges faced by stateless persons in its enjoyment. This research argues that states have failed to respect, protect and fulfil the right to adequate housing for stateless persons in a number of contexts and that these failures are particularly acute for stateless persons with additional marginalised identities, which can then result in additional human rights violations. This analysis examines how previous policy solutions have failed to adequately consider the unique needs of inadequately housed stateless persons and calls attention to the need for more holistic and inclusive approaches to realise the right to adequate housing for all, which must include stateless persons.

This article responds to two commentaries to the author’s original article; both commentaries relate to the issue of theater improvisation as a distinct paradigm in psychotherapy. The commentaries represent what can viewed metaphorically as the positions of “Yes, But” and “Yes, And.” The article describes these two positions, then addresses the issue of psychotherapy as art and/or science, and subsequently wrestles with how to train clinicians in improvisational skills. Considered as well, are the possible systematic changes the theater improvisation paradigm can have on the psychotherapeutic field.

Improvisational (or now) moments can serve as important change mechanisms in psychotherapy. Yet there is little understanding of the therapists’ subjective experiences during those Improvisation Experiences (IE). In this pilot study, 17 clinicians reported on their clinical IE following theater improvisation training. Reports were analyzed in relation to three constructs: peak experience, flow, and peak performance. Results show that during IE therapists experience dimensions of peak experience and flow, but not of peak performance. Additional unique dimensions of IE are discussed in relation to different constructs, leading us to name therapists’ IE as I’mprovisation. Recommendations practice and training are discussed.