Vedic multipliers are incredibly fast, efficient, and flexible, perfect for efficiently handling tasks like signal processing. Vedic multipliers are the go-to choice for maximizing performance and efficiency in digital designs, as the existing method adders like Carry Look-Ahead Adder (CLA), a Carry Skip Adder (CSA), or a Ripple Carry Adder (RCA) have more delay, area and power. The project proposal presents a novel 4-bit Vedic multiplier essential to system functionality. Optimizing the balancing area and delay is necessary for improving the system as a whole. This project aims to strike this balance, significantly improving the performance of digital systems. Here, a 5-bit adder with a unique configuration is used in place of a Carry Look-Ahead Adder (CLA), a Carry Skip Adder (CSA), or a Ripple Carry Adder (RCA). Using CMOS & TG Configuration, all other internal structures have been created. Performance comparisons of the CMOS and TG 5-bit Adders with the adders above are shown in terms of power, latency, and area. Various adders: 5-bit Adder with CMOS & TG design, the CMOS & TG based CLA, the CSA, and the RCA, are also involved in the multiplier's adder unit selection process. The new multiplier provides the perfect answer for energy-efficient designs by combining low power consumption with small size.

The prototype model presented in this paper proposes a solution for evaluating and preventing pressure ulcers in long-lasting bedridden patients. The system integrates various sensors capable of monitoring critical factors such as pressure, temperature, and moisture. These sensors are embedded within the prototype bed, allowing for the collection of real-time data concerning the patient's condition and identification of potential risk factors associated with pressure ulcer development. The bed is equipped with switches that facilitate the monitoring of the patient's mobility and activities. These switches can detect movements, providing valuable information on changes in posture, frequency of turning, and overall activity level. Through data analysis, the system can assess the probability of pressure ulcer occurrence, taking into account factors such as prolonged pressure on specific areas, excessive moisture levels, or extreme temperatures. This prototype model shows significant promise in preventing pressure ulcers among long-lasting bedridden patients. Continuous monitoring of the patient's physiological parameters and activity levels enables healthcare providers to receive timely alerts and intervene appropriately to mitigate the risk of pressure ulcers. Additionally, the system can generate informative reports and offer valuable insights into the patient's condition, assisting healthcare professionals in making informed decisions regarding patient care and preventive measures. Overall, this prototype model provides a comprehensive approach to evaluating and preventing pressure ulcers in long-lasting bedridden patients. By leveraging sensor technology and real-time data analysis, it has the potential to improve patient outcomes, enhance the quality of care, and reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers in this vulnerable population.

The Advanced Peripheral Bus (APB) is a crucial component of the Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA), a widely-used standard for designing complex microcontrollers with multiple peripherals. The APB's non-pipelined architecture allows it to connect low-transmission capacity peripherals to the SoC, while minimizing power utilization and interface complexity. The APB is designed to facilitate communication between master and slave devices, supporting multiple slaves in a system. The APB supports three types of transfers: Write, Read, and Idle. The objective of this work is to enable data transfers for Write and Read operations with both No-Wait and Wait states. No-Wait transfers are those that do not require the master to wait for a response from the slave before continuing, while Wait transfers require the master to wait until the slave responds. This allows for efficient and reliable communication between the master and slave devices in the system. To implement this functionality, the Verilog hardware description language (HDL) has been used for design. Verilog offers reusability of Test bench components, allowing for efficient verification of numerous test cases and ensuring the robustness and accuracy of the proposed system. The proposed design and verification methodology with Verilog HDL and a Test bench can thoroughly validate the APB protocol's functionality and performance. This approach enables comprehensive testing of Write and Read operations with No-Wait and Wait states, ensuring that the data transfers occur accurately and efficiently. By utilizing proper simulation and verification using Verilog and a Test bench, the proposed system can be confidently implemented in real-world applications. It provides reliable communication between master and slave devices in a system while minimizing power utilization and interface complexity. The design's reusability enhances the flexibility and adaptability of the system, ensuring that it can be adapted to different applications and scenarios. Overall, the proposed system provides a robust and efficient solution for communication between master and slave devices in an AMBA-based device.

Faraday's law of Electromagnetic Induction is the working principle behind A.C.-D.C. generators, which contributes a major part of the generated electricity utilized today. However, the Photoelectric Effect used in Solar cells is also a useful source of renewable energy produced from the sun. In this research work, we have tried to generate electricity from the concept of Resonance and Piezoelectric Effect. To achieve the goal, we have used a thin strip of stretch-resistant material which naturally has the property of resisting the applied stretching force. The length of this stretch-resistant material will be set up so that the incoming airflow will make the thin strip vibrate at its resonant frequency. This will create high-amplitude mechanical vibrations on the thin strip. Now, these vibrations will be passed to the piezoelectric material. Piezoelectric materials have the property to exhibit the piezoelectric effect, which will convert the high amplitude mechanical vibrations passed by thin strips to the piezoelectric material into electrical discharge and hence, we generated electricity from wind using Piezoelectric Effect & Resonance. Due to less moving parts in our setup, it is theoretically more efficient in high wind conditions where a windmill usually fails to work. The only moving part is the thin strip which moves in a flapping motion hence, the generator is named a flapping generator. Even though the generated electricity is in a lesser amount, we can create an array of some such setups to increase the output electricity (as we do in solar energy generation) as per our requirement.

In high solar energy regions, photovoltaic systems are a low-cost source of electrical power. The advantages of a PV system include non-pollution and low maintenance. Solar energy alters irradiance and temperature, and partial shading in the cells is one factor that reduces power output. Therefore, different algorithms are being created to get the most power out of the PV setup, and boost converters are being created to control the supply. DC architectures will be highly sought-after in electrical distribution networks in the future. All of the aforementioned ideas are reviewed in this study for use in DC grids for upcoming DC applications. The idea of a microgrid is quickly becoming recognized as a smart approach to link renewable drive bases and loads. A Direct current grid is essential for the modern domain. Commercial, residential, and industrial applications all increasingly use DC systems. In terms of efficiency, control, and dependability, DC grids are superior. Direct current architectures will be highly sought-after in electrical distribution networks in the future. All of the aforementioned ideas are reviewed in this study for use in DC grids for upcoming DC applications.

This study suggests power management techniques for a PV storage system that is connected to the grid in an electric vehicle charging station (EVCS). The CS's power control system is where the strategy is intended to be used. To lower energy consumption costs calculated using the electrical grid in stand-alone mode and to minimize stress on existing power, the control relies upon relating to the use of renewable energy sources using an optimization process. The outcomes of a 15kW PV-Grid system's simulation coupled with a load flow of five EVs and a 40 kWh lithium-ion battery are used in this paper to describe the approach in detail. However, this study describes a powerful predictive model that is founded on real-time power monitoring supply and demand. When an effective data connection is made between the CS and the plugged EV. The method to determine the best charging mode also takes into account several other factors, such as the PV array's instantaneous power, the amount of energy in the buffer for battery storage, and the restricted power available from the grid. The source converters for voltage the MPPT algorithm, additionally, the ongoing control loop serves as the foundation for the power forecasting model that has been chosen. The outcomes of the simulation of various scenarios for charging effectively describe the efficiency of the suggested CS, which is used to test the validity of this model.

This paper grants the strategy and model of the automation system developed for managing electrical power demand in the home. All types of commercial loads are controlled by smartphones via Bluetooth technology. It can be controlled overall power that can be turned ON/OFF or can also control individual loads that are connected with relay and Arduino by simply pressing a button on mobile phone. This paper uses the HC-05 Bluetooth module to receive and transmit data from mobile phones and to home appliances. It improves better communication and responses between mobile phones and the home appliances. The purpose of the research is also to manage household appliances in order to reduce the risk of electric shock and for the convenience of elderly and physically disabled individuals who can easily access and control home appliances while staying in one location and without the assistance of others. Our home automation system works smartly by improving the quality of life and giving comfort to consumers thereby reducing the energy demand.

Vector control of asynchronous machine is based on dynamic-state relationships. In general induction motors (IM) are known as asynchronous machines. The speed and torque of the buried asynchronous machine varies in the dynamic and static state. There are certain different techniques used to control the buried asynchronous machine. Some of the methodologies are changing the poles of the asynchronous machine, changing the frequency of the buried machine, changing the stator voltage, slip power recovery schemes and the technique. Despite these schemes of controlling the buried asynchronous machine the Direct Torque Control (DTC) is adopted to control torque and speed of the asynchronous motor. Vector control, controls the magnitude and direction of voltage, currents and flux instantaneously. This method is mainly suggested for controlling torque and speed because of dynamic performance of the asynchronous motor. Hence, high superiority in torque, stator flux and rated speed can be achieved using the Fuzzy based control for the buried asynchronous machine.

Sign language is difficult for dump people to communicate with normal people. Because most of the normal people they are don’t know the sign language. Communications among deaf, dump and a usual persons continuously must a large defied task. In this paper the main Moto is convert the sign language into human hearing voice. That is very useful for dump, deaf and normal people. Flex sensor and accelerometer to sense the movement made by finger. Another one is convert the voice into text through android app for deaf people. This project is used for specially challenged people hold equal par in the society.