Abstract Rabies is an important zoonotic disease and the increased numbers of stray dogs constitute a constraint on the prevention of human cases in Nigeria. This report reaffirms that rabies is endemic in Nigeria and stray dogs constitute a risk to humans. A stray Nigeria indigenous dog was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike Nigeria with clinical manifestations of salivation, delirium, maniac and attack displays. It was quarantined for a period of 14 days, clinical manifestations persisted and a presumptive diagnosis of end stage furious form of rabies was made. The dog was then humanely euthanized, brain sample was collected and taken to the National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Nigeria for rabies virus detection using direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT). Result revealed that brain sample was positive for canine rabies depicted by apple green fuorescence. In conclusion, the stray dog was confirmed to be positive for rabies. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of confirmed rabies case in a stray dog in Umuahia, Nigeria. Hence, there should be intense public awareness on the danger of rabies since the disease remains a public health concern in Nigeria.

Abstract The cases of non-union or delayed union are the main diagnoses related to complications of orthopedic fractures within the veterinary surgery of companion animals, mainly dogs. Bone graft transplantation is a growing competence as an adjuvant treatment in these cases. The study reveals its use through the evaluation of the data obtained in an advanced research on the topic referring to the main scientific databases, resulting in a systematic review, in addition to proving its means of extraction and conservation. Although there is the possibility of performing autograft and xenograft, among other substitute materials, a choice on the part of the veterinarian must make a tiny assessment of each case. However, this therapeutic approach requires greater professional, structural and, consequently, financial investment by veterinarians and hospital doctors. As well as, the realization of scientific works with the objective of contributing to the evolution of this method of associated treatment and bringing more and more benefits to the orthopedic patient.

Abstract Objectives – To quantify neurokinin 2 and 3 receptor mRNA from nine regions throughout the equine intestinal tract, and to evaluate the effect of jejunal ischemia/reperfusion and intraluminal obstruction on neurokinin 1, 2, and 3 receptor mRNA. Methods – Specimens were harvested from 5 adult horses euthanized for reasons unrelated to gastrointestinal disease for the study of normal distribution of neurokinin receptor mRNA. Jejunal segments from 6 healthy adult horses subjected to intraluminal distension or ischemia/reperfusion injury were harvested to study the influence of inflammation on neurokinin 1, 2, and 3 receptor mRNA expression. RNA was isolated from normal tissues and also from tissues that underwent either a sham operation (control), 60 minutes of ischemia followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion (ISO), or 120 minutes of intraluminal distension (ILD) as part of an inflammatory model. RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA. NK2 and NK3 primers were designed and mRNA was quantified using real-time PCR for all experimental groups. Results – Expression of NK2 receptor mRNA was highest for the duodenum and the body of the cecum. NK3 mRNA expression had high variability. In the inflammatory model, no statistical significant difference was noted between treatment groups for NK1 or NK3 receptor mRNA. NK2 receptor mRNA expression was significantly decreased for ILD when compared to control. Conclusions –The description of neurokinin receptor mRNA distribution throughout the equine intestinal tract is an important initial step towards determining potential clinical applications of tachykinin agonists and antagonists, as well as their role in gastrointestinal ischemia/reperfusion and intraluminal obstruction injury.

The bloodborne pathogens are microorganisms present in blood or bodily fluids of infected individuals or animals that can cause disease. The most common infectious diseases of veterinary importance include several species of Trypanosoma, Theileria, Babesia and Anaplasma [1] Many zoonotic bloodborne pathogens circulate between animals and humans affecting human health and economic sectors. The cost of zoonotic diseases has been estimated about U$20 billion and affect economies as a whole [2].

Abstract A survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of haemoparasites and of heartwater - Ehrlichia ruminantium infection in goats in four ecological regions of Mozambique, from November 2016 to October 2017 in Tete and Cabo Delgado, from November 2016 to October 2018 in Maputo, and from November 2016 to May 2018 in Gaza. It has been demonstrated in this study that infections by A. ovis and T. ovis are common in goats in Mozambique. Although the literature indicates low or nonpathogenicity, further studies on the role that these parasites play in goats from smallholder farms should be considered. Serological testing to detect antibodies against E. ruminantium showed the presence of high levels of infection rates by this organism in Maputo, Gaza and Cabo Delgado. In Tete, however, a low prevalence of cowdriosis was observed, which probably indicates that goats are highly susceptible to the disease. In conclusion, the epidemiological data provided here on haemoparasites in goats of Mozambique demonstrate that the occurrence of A. ovis and T. ovis are common in goats in Mozambique. Its importance, however, was not determined. The importance of cowdriosis could be related to the impossibility to transfer animals from Tete Province, where they exist in large numbers, to the other regions of the country where cowdriosis is endemic, since no vaccination against cowdriosis is applied routinely in this country.