Hepatotoxicity induced by prolonged administration of antituberculosis drugs such as isoniazid (INH) is associated with the production of free radicals. Rambutan-honey, rich in catalase enzyme, flavonoids, and vitamin C, exhibits antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. This study purpose to assess the effect of rambutan-honey on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and hepatocyte cell numbers in INH-induced rats. The research method using in vivo experimental study with a randomized posttest-only control group design. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into five groups: negative control(G1), positive control(G2), and three groups treated with rambutan-honey at doses of 250 mg/kgBW(G3), 500 mg/kgBW(G4), and 1000 mg/kgBW(G5). MDA levels were measured using the TBARS method on days 15 and 23, while hepatocyte cell numbers were assessed through histopathological examination using Hematoxylin-Eosin. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA followed by Post-Hoc test. This study revealed that rambutan-honey at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kgBW significantly reduced MDA levels compared to controls, with a simultaneous increase in hepatocyte cell numbers (p=0.001). The conclusion of this research is the potential of rambutan-honey as an antioxidant and hepatoprotective agent, possibly mediated by its flavonoid content, which may stimulate superoxide dismutase activity akin to catalase enzyme and vitamin C.

Amblyopia, commonly referred to as 'lazy eye’, manifests as a reduction in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the absence of detectable ocular structural abnormalities. Refractive amblyopia specifically denotes a subtype of amblyopia arising from uncorrected refractive errors. A retrospective descriptive analysis was conducted on medical records of all pediatric patients with refractive amblyopia at the Department of Ophthalmology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Kirana National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia in 2018 to 2022. A total of 391 eyes of 224 patients were included. Median age was 8 (5-18) years, with majority being older than 7 years of age (58.7%). Leading method of treatment was with spectacles alone (80.4%). Overall amblyopia improvement was mostly observed after six months of treatment. In conclusion, refractive amblyopia at our hospital was highly prevalent among children. Thus, early detection and treatment of refractive errors in children is essential to prevent refractive amblyopia.

The prevalence of people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Indonesia increases with age. Various complications to death can occur in CKD patients, one of which is impaired cognitive function. In addition, end-stage CKD treatment options, such as hemodialysis, further increase the risk of complications of cognitive impairment in CKD patients. About 10%-40% of CKD patients experience a decline in cognitive function. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the occurrence of cognitive impairment in hemodialysis patients. This study was conducted at Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang in October-November 2022. Cognitive decline was detected by examination of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Indonesian version (MoCA-Ina) while other variables were obtained through interviews. The data were analyzed with Chi-square or Fisher exact tests. Age, education level, and age at hemodialysis initiation affect global cognitive function in CKD patients. In cognitive domain analysis, a significant relationship was found between age and duration of hemodialysis and attentional function, as well as the impact of age, sex, and age at hemodialysis initiation on executive/visuospatial function. Several demographic and hemodialysis characteristics are associated with cognitive decline in hemodialysis patients. Education and periodic cognitive screening are necessary to prevent and detect cognitive decline in these at-risk populations.

The main components of volatile oils are thymoquinone, thymohydroquinone, thymoquinone, thymol, and tannin which have been proven to be able to inhibit bacterial growth. This research was conducted to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of black cumin against the growth of Bacillus cereus bacteria with various concentrations of 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% using the diffusion method. The type of research used by researchers is experimental. In this study, the disk disc method was used with concentrations of 10% 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% using Amoxicillin 0.3% as a positive control for Bacillus cereus bacteria with repetition three times, by soaking the disc for 15 minutes in each concentration and attach the disc to media that has been inoculated with Bacillus cereus bacteria. Based on research results from the results of measurements of the inhibitory zone of the Bacillus cereus bacterium, it is included in the weak category with all concentrations showing an inhibitory zone with an average diameter of 8.67 mm, 10.67 mm, 12 mm, 16.33 mm, and 17.67 mmm. The conclusion from research on the antibacterial effectiveness of black cumin extract can inhibit the growth of Bacillus cereus bacteria in the weak inhibition category.

Chronic septic granulomatosis is a rare genetic disease that affects the immune system. It is characterized by a primary immune deficiency that makes it more difficult for phagocytic cells (such as polymorphonuclear neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and macrophages) to eradicate some harmful bacteria and fungi. It is considered an orphan disease because it affects less than 0.05% of a given population.

Vaccination prevents infectious diseases and mother’s consent is key to increasing childhood vaccination rates. The aim of this study was to assess mothers' knowledge, and beliefs about childhood vaccinations, as well as the impact of these factors on their vaccination behaviors. A descriptive cross-sectional study of 320 mothers was conducted. The data were collected using a questionnaire form. Most of mothers (98.4%) have their children fully vaccinated through the Extended Immunization Program (EIP), 96.6% of cases support vaccines necessity. Vaccine hesitancy was 7.8%, vaccine refusal was 1.6%. The majority of mothers believe that the most common side effects of vaccines are fever (53.4%). Mothers were not adequately informed about EIP were 42.2%, and 57.5% of them had not received non-EIP vaccines, and 33.1% cited lack of knowledge as the reason. The majority of cases (73.7%) received information about EIP from a doctor. Parents' educational status, higher family income, and having more than three children significantly increased non-EIP vaccination rates but had no significant effect on EIP vaccination (p<0.05). Mothers still support EIP, but vaccine hesitancy is growing due to a lack of information. It is critical to assess mothers' knowledge and beliefs about vaccination, and social awareness is also required.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder that causes weakness in skeletal muscles. Dysphagia is an early symptom that is often found in 6-15% of patients with myasthenia gravis. Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) and Video Fluoroscopic Swallowing Study (VFSS) examinations are routinely used to diagnose dysphagia. This paper reports a case of Male, 51 years old diagnosed with neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia due to MG. Swallowing evaluation post-therapy and rehabilitation programs were carried out. Interestingly both FEES and VFSS had a significant discrepant result. In cases of dysphagia due to MG, when interpreting objective swallowing function examination, confounding factors such as fatigue, timing of examinations, and time of taking medication specifically anticholinesterase (Pyridostigmine), should be taken into consideration.

Our study aims to scrutinize the hormonal and laboratory profile of women with PCOS visiting a fertility center in Indonesia. A computerized database of 120 PCOS women and 120 controls was retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. According to analysis, the concentration of AMH and basal LH were significantly more elevated in the PCOS group than in the control group (6.77 vs. 2.05, P<0.001; and 6.8 vs. 5.3, P<0.001, respectively). The level of basal FSH was significantly lower in the PCOS group (5.83 vs. 7.86; P<0.001). After an IVF cycle, PCOS women had significantly higher retrieved oocytes and mature oocytes compared to controls (18 vs. 8, P<0.001; 12 vs. 6, P<0.001). The number of fertilizations, cleavages, and top-quality cleavages were also higher in the PCOS group than in the control group (10 vs. 4, P<0.001; 10 vs. 4, P<0.001; 4 vs. 2, P<0.001). At the blastocyst stage, patients with PCOS had a higher number of blastocysts and top-quality blastocysts than control (9 vs. 4, P<0.001); 4 vs. 1, P<0.01). However, the clinical pregnancy was significantly higher in the control group than in the PCOS group (52.6% vs. 16.7%; P = 0.045).

Stunting is a problem that still cannot be resolved throughout the world, especially in Indonesia. Children who are malnourished show high levels of blood oxidative stress biomarkers as well as inhibition in growth. To understand prevention of stunting, research was conducted using pedada fruit (Sonneratia caseolaris) which is a mangrove plant taken at the Wonorejo Magrove Ecotourism, Rungkut District, Surabaya City, East Java. The results of the research were used to reveal that there are bioactive compounds in pedada fruit extract to prevent stunting. This research used One Shot Experimental Study. The variables studied used primary data from screening of phenolic and flavonoid antioxidant metabolite compounds at the FK UHT Pharmacy Laboratory and screening for Cu, Fe, Zn mineral content at the UPT East Java Nutrition Laboratory. Result: Based on the results of qualitative phytochemical screening, pedada fruit contained phytochemical compounds, namely phenolics and flavonoids. Mineral screening of pedada fruit was carried out using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. Pedada fruit extract contained zinc (Zn) of 1.057 mg, while copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) of 0 mg.

Collodion baby with cholestasis is an uncommon condition. The term "collodion baby" refers to newborns with thick skin covering their entire body. Neonatal cholestasis is a form of conjugated cholestasis hyperbilirubinemia caused by reduced bile flow. The condition causes persistent jaundice (over two weeks) and elevated conjugated bilirubin. Genetic abnormalities or gene mutations have been reported in neonatal ichthyosis syndrome with cholestasis. A case report of a collodion baby, a rare congenital condition characterized by a parchment-like membrane covering the entire body, was brought to Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital. Prolonged jaundice was one of the other findings. A skin biopsy found characteristics consistent with the diagnosis of collodion in a newborn. The paediatric team managed this case, which was treated in collaboration with a dermatologist. This case showed that newborn collodion syndrome required skin care, cholestasis screening, and jaundice management from birth.