PurposeThe purpose is to use co-citation analysis of servant leadership (SL) research to investigate the evolution of the field, its subfields, gaps and opportunities for future research in a systematic manner.Design/methodology/approachA document co-citation technique and three clustering algorithms (latent semantic index (LSI), the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) and the mutual information (MI) index) were employed to analyse 24,030 references from 549 articles spanning a period of 50 years.FindingsCluster analyses reveal that SL research consists of eight distinct subfields: (1) conceptualisation and measurement of SL; (2) SL and related theories; (3) methodological foundations and empirical expansion of SL research; (4) individual-level cognitive effects of SL and related theories; (5) “Warmth effects” of leadership behaviour; (6) antecedents of effective leadership; (7) SL, marketing, sales management and ethics and (8) SL, job design and work engagement. Important gaps and opportunities for future research are identified.Research limitations/implicationsThe analyses do not show a complete picture of research on SL. Interesting works used by subgroups of SL researchers may not have enough citations to be included in the results. Moreover, bibliometric analyses do not explain the impact of books, journals and articles on the practice of SL. The authors welcome future analyses of the most influential sources of SL practice. The authors expect that managerial and practice-oriented books and journals, such as the International Journal of Servant Leadership and the Servant Leadership Theory and Practice, would play a central role in such analyses.Practical implicationsThe discussions of the nature of SL, its effects and antecedents are useful to leaders who want to develop a SL style or assist others in developing it. For researchers and doctoral students, the cluster analyses of co-citations give an overview of the subfields of SL research and reveal important knowledge gaps in the literature.Social implicationsSL has several favourable effects on the motivation and psychological well-being of followers. Also, followers tend to adopt a willingness to serve.Originality/valuePrevious research has categorised SL research into three broad categories or phases. The cluster analyses of the co-citations reported here reveal a meaningful structure of eight distinct subfields. Knowledge gaps within the subfields represent novel opportunities for future research on SL. The authors also suggest a new subfield of SL research: pedagogical approaches to the motivation and development of SL skills.

Rapidly growing concerns about the adverse effects of climate change are prompting a re‐thinking of how companies view their strategies and operations and spurring legal and regulatory responses around the world. The overarching objective of these efforts is to facilitate and accelerate the transition to a more sustainable economy. The green transition will have substantial distributional and structural implications for workers and the workplace across companies and economic sectors. Indeed, the future of work will be significantly shaped by climate change. However, relatively scant scholarly attention has been devoted to the forward‐looking legal implications of climate change for work. Similarly, legal scholars writing on climate change have largely neglected the laws governing employment. This article seeks to help fill that gap. How can companies, workers, and society respond to the green transition in a manner that enables better jobs, a safe and stable workplace, and more resilient companies? To answer this question, this article draws on the theory of just transition, which is rooted in environmental justice and labor rights. We offer an interpretation and application of just transition that expands its scope to serve as a blueprint for ethical business conduct and legal reform to improve the world of work and the lives of workers.

Demographic shifts toward an older and sicker prison population present challenges for corrections leaders and incarcerated people. The priority of custody and control over care in prisons can deprive people of a modicum of autonomy even about expressing their end-of-life wishes. This study was undertaken to inform best practices and identify essential components of end-of-life care planning (EOLCP) for people who will likely die incarcerated. Individual interviews with formerly incarcerated people (n = 16) provided insights on EOLCP knowledge, perceptions, and future plans as each reflected on experiences while incarcerated. Zoom Video Communications were used for the interviews, and audio recordings were transcribed verbatim, verified, and deidentified prior to thematic analysis. Themes were defined and discussed until consensus was reached between the 2 researchers. End-of-life care planning themes included the following: understanding of and experience with advanced directives/care planning (AD/ACP), defining AD/ACP, timing of AD/ACP accessibility to health care resources, how to approach EOLCP in prison, advantages of EOLCP, and barriers to EOLCP. Formerly incarcerated peoples' knowledge, perceptions, and future plans revealed important considerations when developing a contextually relevant toolkit for EOLCP for people living in prison.

The Family-centered Function Focused Care (Fam-FFC) intervention, is a nurse-family care partnership model aimed to improve the physical and cognitive recovery in hospitalized persons living with Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (ADRD) while improving the care partner's experiences. Discussions of patients' needs and preferences between nurses and the patient's close family members have been found to be useful in preventing excessive stress in persons with dementia, while lessening the anxiety of care partners. However, the efficacy of dementia-specific interventions is influenced in part by the degree to which the interventions are flexible and sensitive to the patient's and care-partner's condition, needs, and preferences, including cultural preferences. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the cultural appropriateness of Fam-FFC using the Ecological Validity Model (EVM). This qualitative, descriptive study included 28 consented care partners drawn from a sample of 455 dyads enrolled in the Fam-FFC intervention. An interview guide was created based on the EVM. Participants provided demographic data. Thematic analysis was conducted to analyze transcribed interviews. The majority of the sample was female (79%), Non-Hispanic (96%) and half were married. One-half of the sample represented Black care partners and one-half were White. Seventy-nine percent lived with their family member with ADRD. Three major themes were identified from the thematic analysis including Care Partner Identity, Care Partner Preferences, and Goals of Care for functional recovery of their family member living with dementia. In this study care partners wanted more social services as well as home care that supported not just physical needs but also social and recreational needs. Findings from the study offer guidance on improving the Fam-FFC intervention including strengthening education and resources on partner self-care.

Early in the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, scholars and journalists noted partisan differences in behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs. Based on location data from a large sample of smartphones, as well as 13,334 responses to a proprietary survey spanning 10 months from April 1, 2020 to February 15, 2021, we document that the partisan gap has persisted over time and that the lack of convergence occurs even among individuals who were at heightened risk of death. Our results point to the existence and persistence of the interaction of partisanship and information acquisition and highlight the need for mandates and targeted informational campaigns towards those with high health risks.

BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its prevention is more cost-effective than the treatment of its complications. Although cardiovascular (CV) risk assessment based on conventional risk factors is the general recommendation, a significant percentage of the population, irrespective of these risk factors, present with subclinical atherosclerosis during carotid Doppler ultrasound (US) imaging. Subclinical atherosclerotic lesions at the carotid bifurcations may be related to the incidence of future CV events and occult atherosclerotic coronary disease. Such patients might benefit from preventive measures if the carotid Doppler US is allowed as a screening tool to detect the extent of carotid stenosis. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of the impact of carotid US screening on CV risk stratification. MethodsWe searched PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect from inception until July 2023. We included literature that examined the impact of carotid US screening on cardiovascular risk factor (CVRF) prevention, CV events, and mortality in adults of all age groups free of symptomatic carotid artery disease. ResultsWe identified 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 9 observational studies, including 21,046 participants. The mean age of the participants was 49, and 53% were female. Two RCTs, with 7,064 participants, examined the impact of pictorial knowledge about subclinical carotid atherosclerosis using carotid US versus traditional CVD risk evaluation without any US evidence in primary cardiovascular prevention. Both studies reported remarkable improvement in medication adherence at 1 to 3-year follow-up after carotid US screening with a decrease in Framingham risk score (FRS). Nine observational studies with 13, 982 participants analyzed the evidence of atherosclerosis on carotid US screening and demonstrated that it is a beneficial tool in the early identification of subclinical atherosclerosis and effective therapeutic intervention. ConclusionThis systematic review found that pictorial presentation of silent atherosclerosis using carotid US screening has a contributory role in CV risk stratification and prevention of CVD.

To compare postoperative complications of laparoscopic myomectomy (LM) with total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH). A secondary outcome examined whether complications differ by age. A retrospective cohort study. A multicenter academic healthcare system. Individuals > 18 years old undergoing LMfrom 2011 to 2021 or TLH for benign indications from 2020 to 2021. LM or TLH. There were 1178 patients in the LM group and 1304 in the TLH group. Patients who underwent LM were younger, more often premenopausal, nonsmokers, with lower body mass index, lower preoperative hemoglobin, larger uterine size, and lower American Society of Anesthesiologists class. LM had longer operative times (154.1 ± 74.5 vs 145.9 ± 70.5 min, p <.0001), higher use of intraoperative hemostatic agents (25% vs 9.1%, p <.0001), and higher estimated blood loss (222.7 ± 313.0 vs 87.4 ± 145.9 mL, p <.0001) than TLH. Postoperatively, LM was associated with fewer surgical site infections (3.1% vs 5.8%, p <.0001), readmissions within 30 days (2.0% vs 5.6%, p <.0001), or emergency department visits within 90 days (10.9% vs 14.4%, p=.008). LM were more likely to be admitted 24 hours postoperatively (5.9% vs 3.4%, p=.0023) or receive a blood transfusion within 30 days (4.0% vs 1.0%, p <.0001). Variables associated with increased risk of postoperative complications were tobacco use, American Society of Anesthesiologists class > 3, preoperative anemia, estimated blood loss ≥ 150 mL, and specimen weight > 250 g. Logistic regression demonstrated that operative time ≥185 minutes was most strongly associated with 24-hour admission postoperatively (odds ratio [OR]=12.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.71-45.27). In individuals ≤ 37 years of age, the LM group was less likely than the TLH group to experience surgical site infection (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.14-0.62) or present to the emergency department (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.26-0.63). In this large cohort of patients, both LM and TLH had low rates of postoperative complications, but the complications differed for each approach. In appropriate surgical candidates, either approach may be offered based upon patients' goals.