This paper explores a neglected aspect of Newman’s theory of doctrinal development, that is, five distinct trajectories of such development. It illustrates Newman’s intent with special reference to his notion of ‘political development’ and the rise of the episcopacy and the papacy. It argues that Newman’s intent is to normalize the notion of development itself; only when this is done do his more commonly referred to notes for evaluating development come into play. It concludes with some brief comments on the notion of revelation underpinning Newman’s account of development.

Gavin'D'Costa defends the continuity of Nostra Aetate with centuries of ecclesiastical teaching. This may be true but any religion will emphasize continuity when it comes to authoritative documents. The genuine renewal of Nostra Aetate regarding the dialogue with Judaism and Islam tends to be ignored by considering these religions merely as divine sparks.