Nursing, being a crucial component of healthcare, necessitates skilled individuals who are prepared not only with clinical expertise but also with effective leadership abilities. We investigate the critical function of leadership qualities in the practise of Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSc Nursing) students in this research. We emphasise the need of integrating leadership education and development into BSc Nursing programmes by analysing the influence of leadership on patient outcomes, team dynamics, and overall healthcare delivery. Furthermore, we address various leadership theories pertinent to nursing practise and recommend techniques for developing future nursing professionals' leadership qualities.

In the pursuit of providing women with the most current evidence-based care, high-quality research becomes paramount. Midwives, being uniquely positioned to understand the needs of pregnant women, can play a vital role in multidisciplinary research teams. They possess a range of skills essential for research, making them invaluable contributors. The role of a research midwife encompasses diverse responsibilities such as study design, participant recruitment and consent, data collection and analysis, as well as result dissemination. Engaging in this role not only allows midwives to refine existing skills but also presents ample opportunities for acquiring new ones. The experience gained as research midwives can pave the way for a gratifying career in research or significantly enhance their clinical practice.

The extraction, isolation, and analysis of bioactive compounds from plants are fundamental in the study of medicinal plants. This review explores various techniques and methods used for the extraction, isolation, and analysis of bioactive compounds from plant materials. Traditional methods such as maceration, percolation, and Soxhlet extraction are commonly used, but novel techniques have emerged to enhance efficiency and selectivity. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and enzyme-assisted extraction are modern approaches that offer improved yields and efficiency. After extraction, bioactive compounds need to be characterized and analyzed. Chromatographic techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC), are commonly employed for separation and quantification. Spectroscopic techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS), provide valuable structural information. The continuous development of extraction and analytical techniques contributes to the discovery and utilization of bioactive compounds from plants in various applications. Future research can explore metabolomics, high-throughput screening, chemoinformatics, network pharmacology, multivariate data analysis, and computational modeling to enhance phytochemical investigations. The proposed methods and techniques complement traditional approaches, expanding our understanding of plant chemistry and its potential applications.

The world of health is one of the most important factors in life. Over time, it is only natural for the world of health to provide fast and appropriate services in order to create a comfortable, conducive and motivated work environment. Hospital health services are one type of public service that is often accessed by the public. At any time the community will always demand quality services, even though these demands are often not as expected, because services still display a convoluted, slow, expensive and tiring nature because the community is still positioned as the party serving not being served. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the quality of health services on patient satisfaction at the Montella Private Hospital, West Aceh District. The method used in this study is simple linear regression where this method is used to determine the linear relationship between the independent variable (X) and the dependent variable (Y). In addition, the simple linear regression method aims to determine the direction of the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable. whether positive or negative and to predict the value of the dependent variable if the value of the independent variable increases or decreases. The data used is data from the answers to the questionnaire using a Likert scale. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that testing from previous observational data indicates that the magnitude of the influence of Health Service Quality on Patient Satisfaction at Montella Private Hospital as measured through the questionnaire question indicators distributed to respondents in the Very high and good category because it is influenced by 97.50% ( R Square value) so that it is proven that the variable Quality of Health Services has a large positive and significant effect on patient satisfaction at Montella Private Hospital, while the remaining percentage value of 2.50% affects variables not examined in this study's observations.

The results of this study show. (1) It can be seen that the adjusted R square value is 0.774 or 77.4%. This shows that the Work Discipline Variable (X1) and Work Morale Variable (X2) can explain the Employee Performance Variable (Y) of 77.4% , the remaining 22.6% (100% - 77.4%) is explained by other variables outside this research model. (2) The results of the (Partial) t test show that tcount (6.481) > ttable (1.990), likewise with a significance value of 0.00 > 0.05, it can be concluded that the first hypothesis is rejected, meaning that the Work Discipline Variable (X1) has an effect not significant to Employee Performance Variable (Y). (3) The results of the t test (Partial) can be seen that the tcount (7.650) > ttable (1.990), and the significance value is 0.00 <0, 05, it can be concluded that the second hypothesis is accepted, meaning that the Morale Variable (X2) has a significant effect on the Employee Performance Variable (Y). (4) The results of the simultaneous test (F) can be seen that the Ftable value is 3.22. From this description it can be seen that Fcount (69.631) > Ftable (3.24), and a significance value of 0.00 <0.05, it can be concluded the third hypothesis is accepted, meaning that the Work Discipline Variable (X1), the Work Morale Variable (X2) have a significant simultaneous effect on the Employee Performance Variable (Y).

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), included in the Retroviridae family, is a virus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), a syndrome caused by a decrease in the body's immune system. Compliance with taking medication on HIV/AIDS clients is very important, non-adherence in implementing therapy will reduce the effectiveness of ARV drugs and even increase viral resistance in the body. Information, motivation and ability to behave are fundamental determinants of a behavior in adherence to taking medication. This study will analyze the factors associated with adherence to taking ARV medication in HIV/AIDS patients to find out the causes of nonadherence to taking ARV medication. This type of research uses descriptive research methods while based on the time dimension the research uses a cross sectional design. The research was conducted at Cut Meutia General Hospital. This research was conducted from 2018-2019. The sampling technique in this study used the total sampling method. The population in this study were all HIV/AIDS patients who were treated at the VCT and CST clinics at Cut Meutia Hospital, North Aceh District, which were recorded until 2018-2019, totaling 62 people. The results of this study found that respondents at Cut Meutia Hospital had low information of 90.0% regarding adherence to ARV drug use. Respondents at Cut Meutia Hospital had low motivation of 96.7% for adherence to ARV drug use. Respondents at Cut Meutia Hospital had low behavioral skills of 96.7% for compliance with the use of ARV drugs. The sampling technique in this study used the total sampling method. The population in this study were all HIV/AIDS patients who were treated at the VCT and CST clinics at Cut Meutia Hospital, North Aceh District, which were recorded until 2018-2019, totaling 62 people. The results of this study found that respondents at Cut Meutia Hospital had low information of 90.0% regarding adherence to ARV drug use. Respondents at Cut Meutia Hospital had low motivation of 96.7% for adherence to ARV drug use. Respondents at Cut Meutia Hospital had low behavioral skills of 96.7% for compliance with the use of ARV drugs. The sampling technique in this study used the total sampling method. The population in this study were all HIV/AIDS patients who were treated at the VCT and CST clinics at Cut Meutia Hospital, North Aceh District, which were recorded until 2018-2019, totaling 62 people. The results of this study found that respondents at Cut Meutia Hospital had low information of 90.0% regarding adherence to ARV drug use. Respondents at Cut Meutia Hospital had low motivation of 96.7% for adherence to ARV drug use. Respondents at Cut Meutia Hospital had low behavioral skills of 96.7% for compliance with the use of ARV drugs. The population in this study were all HIV/AIDS patients who were treated at the VCT and CST clinics at Cut Meutia Hospital, North Aceh District, which were recorded until 2018-2019, totaling 62 people. The results of this study found that respondents at Cut Meutia Hospital had low information of 90.0% regarding adherence to ARV drug use. Respondents at Cut Meutia Hospital had low motivation of 96.7% for adherence to ARV drug use. Respondents at Cut Meutia Hospital had low behavioral skills of 96.7% for compliance with the use of ARV drugs. The population in this study were all HIV/AIDS patients who were treated at the VCT and CST clinics at Cut Meutia Hospital, North Aceh District, which were recorded until 2018-2019, totaling 62 people. The results of this study found that respondents at Cut Meutia Hospital had low information of 90.0% regarding adherence to ARV drug use. Respondents at Cut Meutia Hospital had low motivation of 96.7% for adherence to ARV drug use. Respondents at Cut Meutia Hospital had low behavioral skills of 96.7% for compliance with the use of ARV drugs. Respondents at Cut Meutia Hospital had low motivation of 96.7% for adherence to ARV drug use. Respondents at Cut Meutia Hospital had low behavioral skills of 96.7% for compliance with the use of ARV drugs. Respondents at Cut Meutia Hospital had low motivation of 96.7% for adherence to ARV drug use. Respondents at Cut Meutia Hospital had low behavioral skills of 96.7% for compliance with the use of ARV drugs.
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Humour, when appropriately incorporated into nursing care, has demonstrated positive effects on patient outcomes and nursing staff well-being. This abstract explores the role of humour in healthcare, focusing on its impact on reducing stress levels, increasing patient satisfaction, and improving emotional well-being. It also investigates the influence of humour on nursing staff morale, job satisfaction, and overall well-being. Incorporating humour into nursing care creates a positive and relaxed atmosphere for patients, leading to reduced stress levels and enhanced patient satisfaction. Humour also uplifts patients' spirits, fostering emotional well-being and improving coping abilities. In terms of nursing staff, humour helps reduce stress and burnout, fosters a positive work environment, and enhances staff camaraderie. Although specific quantitative data on the relationship between humour and staff retention is limited, a positive association between job satisfaction and staff retention in the nursing profession suggests that humour indirectly contributes to higher staff retention rates. Practical strategies for integrating humour into nursing practice include knowing patients' preferences, using light-hearted conversations, sharing humorous stories, and employing visual humour. By embracing these strategies, nurses can create a positive and engaging healthcare environment, benefiting both patients and nursing staff.

The results of this study show. (1) It can be seen that the value of the adjusted R square is 0.046 or 04.6%. This shows that work discipline (X) can explain work communication (Z) by 04.6%, the remaining 95.4% (100% - 04.6%) is explained by other variables outside this research model. (2) The results of the (Partial) t test can be seen that a tcount value of 1.544 is obtained with α = 5%, ttable (5%; nk = 28) obtained a ttable value of 2.048. From this description it can be seen that tcount (1.544) < ttable ( 2.048), as well as the significance value of 0.134 > 0.05, it can be concluded that the first hypothesis is rejected, meaning that the work discipline variable (X) has no positive and significant effect on work communication (Z). (3) The results of the t test (Partial) can be seen that the value of tcount is 0, 078 With α = 5%, ttable (5%; nk = 28) obtained a ttable value of 2.048 From this description it can be seen that tcount (0.078) < ttable (2.048), and its significance value is 0.938 > 0.05, it can be concluded that the hypothesis the third is rejected, meaning that work communication (Z) has no significant effect on MEDICAL EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE (Y). (4) Path analysis shows the direct effect of variable X on variable Y of 0.676. While the indirect effect through variable Z is 0.280 x 0.012 = 0.003, the results of the calculations show that the indirect effect through variable Z is smaller than the direct effect on variable Y. and a significance value of 0.938 > 0.05, it can be concluded that the third hypothesis is rejected, meaning that work communication (Z) has no significant effect on MEDICAL EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE (Y). (4) Path analysis shows the direct effect of variable X on variable Y of 0.676. While the indirect effect through variable Z is 0.280 x 0.012 = 0.003, the results of the calculations show that the indirect effect through variable Z is smaller than the direct effect on variable Y. and a significance value of 0.938 > 0.05, it can be concluded that the third hypothesis is rejected, meaning that work communication (Z) has no significant effect on MEDICAL EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE (Y). (4) Path analysis shows the direct effect of variable X on variable Y of 0.676. While the indirect effect through variable Z is 0.280 x 0.012 = 0.003, the results of the calculations show that the indirect effect through variable Z is smaller than the direct effect on variable Y.

This study aims to determine how the influence of the work environment and individual characteristics on employee performance. The research method used is the method of qualitative data and quantitative data. While the data used is primary data. 1) a ttable value of 2.048 is obtained. From this description it can be seen that tcount (5.613) > ttable (2.048), likewise with a significance value of 0.00 <0.05, it can be concluded that the first hypothesis is accepted, meaning that the Work Environment Variable (X1) significant effect on Employee Performance Variable (Y). 2) a ttable value of 2.048 is obtained. From this description it can be seen that tcount (1.488) < ttable (2.048), and a significance value of 0.148 > 0.05, it can be concluded that the second hypothesis is rejected, meaning that the Individual Characteristics Variable (X2) has no significant effect on the Employee Performance Variable (Y). 3) the Ftable value is 3.35. From this description it can be seen that Fcount (15.768) > Ftable (3.35), and a significance value of 0.000 <0.05, it can be concluded that the fourth hypothesis is accepted, meaning that the Work Environment Variable (X1) , Individual Characteristics Variable (X2), has a significant simultaneous effect on Employee Performance Variables (Y).

ABSTRACT
 The scantiness of water is a pressing global riddle that pertains to the inadequate availability of enough safe and clean water resources to fulfill human and ecological requirements. It emerges as a result of various factors such as population growth, climate change, pollution, ineffective water management, and unsustainable water usage practices. This summary offers an overview of the issue and highlights possible remedies. These solutions encompass actions like conserving water, collecting rainwater, improving irrigation methods, treating and reusing wastewater, employing desalination techniques, investing in water infrastructure, managing groundwater resources, establishing fair water pricing and governance, fostering public awareness and education, and fostering international cooperation. By implementing these strategies, we can address water scarcity and advance sustainable water management for the benefit of present and future generations.