ABSTRACT This article examines continuing misunderstanding about memory function especially for trauma, across three UK samples (N = 717). Delayed allegations of child sexual and physical abuse are prevalent in Western legal systems and often rely upon uncorroborated memory testimony to prove guilt. U.K. legal professionals and jurors typically assess the reliability of such memory recall via common sense, yet decades of scientific research show common sense beliefs often conflict with science. Recent international surveys show controversial notions of repression and accurate memory recovery remain strongly endorsed. In historical cases, these notions may lead to wrongful convictions. The current study surveyed the U.K. public, lawyers, and mental health professionals’ beliefs about repression, dissociative amnesia and false memories. Study findings give unique data on judges’ and barristers’ beliefs. Overall, the study findings reinforce international scientists’ concerns of a science – knowledge-gap. Repression was strongly endorsed by lay, legal and clinical participants (> 78%) as was dissociative amnesia (> 87%). Moreover, suboptimal professional legal education and juror guidance may increase misunderstanding. Correcting beliefs about memory function, and extending the contribution of memory science in the courtroom remains an important quest for cognitive scientists.

ABSTRACT Background We propose a framework to assess the value of pharmaceutical innovations, with explicit clinical and methodological parameters, based on the therapeutic value and health needs. Research design and methods The study was based on the adaptation of health technology assessment methods documented in the literature, which was applied to a sample of oncological drugs. Difficulties and issues during the application of those tools were identified and addressed to develop a new framework with new and revised domains and clear classification criterion for each domain. Scores were assigned to each level and domain according to their relevance to generate the final score of innovativeness. Results The Pharmaceutical Innovation Index (PII) includes four domains, two related to clinical and social dimensions – Therapeutic Need and Added Therapeutic Value – and other two about methodological features – Study Design and Quality (risk of bias). The scores combined after assigned to each domain results Index of the Innovativeness of the medicines represents the degree of pharmaceutical innovation. Conclusion This work proposes a transparent methodology with well-defined criteria and script; the algorithm developed with authors’ weightings and criteria may be switched to best adjust to other applications, perspective or clinical indications, while keeping the transparency and objectiveness.

The Variational Translation theory was summarized and proposed by Huang Zhonglian, a Chinese translator and scholar, from his many years of translation practice and research. There are altogether seven flexible means: omission, editing, narration, condensation, combination, modification and addition. Six Chapters of A Floating Life by Shen Fu of the Qing Dynasty was beautifully written and deeply loved by Lin Yutang. To better promote Chinese culture to the world, Lin translated this novel, and its English version was highly praised abroad. Based on the Variational Translation theory and combined with examples, this paper discusses in detail the specific manifestations of the translation variation strategies such as omission, editing, narration, modification and addition in the English version of Six Chapters of A Floating Life. The ultimate goal is to enhance the guiding role of the Variational Translation theory in the English translation of Chinese novels.

Epilepsy is a common comorbidity of brain tumors; however, little is known about the prevalence, onset time, semiology, and risk factors of seizures in primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL). Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of epilepsy in PCNSL, to identify factors associated with epilepsy, and to investigate the prognostic significance of seizures in PCNSL. We performed an observational, retrospective single-center study at a tertiary neuro-oncology center (2011-2023) including immunocompetent patients with PCNSL and no history of seizures. We collected clinical, imaging, and treatment data; seizure status over the course of PCNSL; and oncological and seizure outcome. The primary outcome was to determine the prevalence of epilepsy. Furthermore, we aimed to identify clinical, radiologic, and treatment-related factors associated with epilepsy. Univariate analyses were conducted using the χ2 test for categorical variables and unpaired t test for continuous variables. Predictors identified in the unadjusted analysis were included in backward stepwise logistic regression models. We included 330 patients, 157 (47.6%) were male, median age at diagnosis was 68 years, and the median Karnofsky Performance Status score was 60. Eighty-three (25.2%) patients had at least 1 seizure from initial diagnosis to the last follow-up, 40 (12.1%) as the onset symptom, 16 (4.8%) during first line of treatment, 27 (8.2%) at tumor progression and 6 (1.8%) while in remission. Focal aware seizures were the most frequent seizure type, occurring in 43 (51.8%) patients. Seizure freedom under antiseizure medication was observed in 97.6% patients. Cortical contact (odds ratio [OR] 8.6, 95% CI 4.2-15.5, p < 0.001) and a higher proliferation index (OR 5.7, 95% CI 1.3-26.2, p = 0.02) were identified as independent risk factors of epilepsy. Patients with PCNSL and epilepsy had a significantly shorter progression-free survival (median progression-free survival 9.6 vs 14.1 months, adjusted hazard ratio 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-1.9, p = 0.03), but not a significantly shorter overall survival (17 vs 44.1 months, log-rank test, p = 0.09). Epilepsy affects a quarter of patients with PCNSL, with half experiencing it at the time of initial presentation and potentially serving as a marker of disease progression. Further research is necessary to assess the broader applicability of these findings because they are subject to the constraints of a retrospective design and tertiary center setting.

In recent years, social media, smartphones, and computers have been increasingly used in classrooms. The traditional education model has been greatly challenged. This study combines the two teaching methods of project-based learning and flipped classroom into one to form the teaching model of PjBFC, and studies the students' learning satisfaction with this teaching method through TAM model. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 163 students and the SEM model was used for analysis. The results show that perceived ease of use has a positive impact on perceived usefulness. Both perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness have a positive impact on students' learning satisfaction. Perceived usefulness has a mediating role between them. PjBFC is very helpful in improving students' interest in learning.

This paper analyzes the problems in the construction of course ideology and politics, uses information technology to enable the change of thinking mode, and explores the innovation research on the new carrier and new model. The concept of tree in computer science and technology is applied to the construction of course ideology and politics, based on that a standardized ideological and political case base is built and a closed-loop model is proposed. Through the integration design of the core value system and the entire process of education and teaching, the integrated development of professional construction and ideological and political education is realized.

The implementation of curriculum ideological and political education in vocational education is an important component of achieving the goal of "all-round education". This article takes the course of "Mechanical Manufacturing Technology" as an example to deeply analyze the characteristics of the course and the problems that exist in teaching. With "one center, three perspectives, and four civilizations" as the main line, it explores the path and teaching methods of implementing ideological and political education in the course, in order to strengthen students' ideological and moral cultivation and cultivate their craftsmanship spirit.

With the continuous deepening of education reform, ideological and political education in the curriculum has become an important component of higher education. As an important discipline in science and engineering, the construction of ideological and political education in mechanical specialized courses has also received widespread attention. At present, there are still some prominent contradictions and problems in the ideological and political construction of mechanical specialized courses in China. This article addresses these contradictory issues and, based on the current situation, proposes specific measures to effectively enhance the ideological and political effects of mechanical specialized courses from multiple dimensions and perspectives, including strengthening ideological and political education awareness, exploring ideological and political elements in courses, clarifying teaching objectives and improving evaluation systems, and strengthening campus cultural construction. The aim is to provide useful references for relevant educators.

This paper explores the key role of affective factors in junior high school students’ English learning, firstly emphasizing the importance of the three affective factors of motivation, interest and anxiety on learning outcomes. Subsequently, it elaborates on the concepts of the three and how these affective factors specifically affect junior high school students’ English learning process, aiming to construct a clear theoretical framework for readers. By combining real case studies, the paper provides an in-depth analysis of the problems encountered by a student in the process of English learning, identifies the affective factors behind them, and proposes targeted strategies to solve them, aiming to share the practical experience with English educators and to promote mutual learning and teaching. Finally, the key points of the whole paper are summarized and expectations are placed on the further application of affective education in English language teaching in the future.

Polyglutamine (PolyQ) disease is a group of hereditary neurodegenerative diseases. It has become clear that brain damage may occur decades before the onset of symptoms. As a sensitive marker for neuro-axonal damages, neurofilament light chain (NfL) has appeared as a promising biomarker for neurological diseases. it may be used as a preclinical and clinical marker for the neurodegeneration in polyQ diseases, and is closely correlated with disease severity and progression, in particular different disease stages. This article has provided a review for the value of NfL as a biomarker in polyQ disease and its future research directions.