The onset of menstruation denotes a landmark event in the pubertal development of the adolescent girl. Adolescent girls should have adequate knowledge of menstrual hygiene before menarche. Lack of adequate knowledge and good menstrual hygiene practices can have far-reaching consequences for a girl's well-being, dignity, reproductive health, and sexual health. Hygiene-related practices during menstruation are of considerable importance. This study assessed the knowledge and Practice of menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls in Ede South local government secondary schools, Ede, Osun State. This study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional study design. The study population was adolescent girls between the ages of 10 and 19 who have attained menarche, using multi-stage sampling as the sampling technique. A structured questionnaire comprising three sections was used to elicit information from the respondents. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The result showed that the majority (62.6%) of the respondents were between 16 and 18 years old and had attained menarche at 13. Most respondents had heard about menstruation before menarche (85.0%), and mothers (79.1%) were the primary source of information. Most (89.70%) respondents had good knowledge of menstrual hygiene. Also, most (53.0%) respondents had good menstrual hygiene practices. In the test for the hypothesis, there is a significant association between sociodemographic characteristics such as tribe, class, age at menarche, and the Practice of menstrual hygiene. There is also a significant relationship between knowledge and Practice of menstrual hygiene (p = 0.017). This study concluded that the majority of the respondents had good knowledge as well as good practice regarding menstrual hygiene. Keywords: Menstrual Hygiene, Adolescents, Knowledge, Practice

Cervical Cancer (CC) remains one of the leading causes of death among reproductive-age females globally. Screening and vaccination of CC are still low among females, hence the increase in the death toll from the disease. This study investigated the factors influencing the uptake of cervical cancer screening and vaccination among reproductive-age female workers at selected hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria. Using a descriptive quantitative design, self-administered questionnaires were used to gather data from a total of 160 participants. The validity and reliability of the instrument were ensured with a Cronbach Alpha coefficient of 0.899. The collected data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at p <0.05 significance level using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0. Good knowledge and poor attitudes about cervical cancer screening and vaccination were documented in this study. As reported in this study, identified factors influencing the uptake of CC screening include the cost of screening and vaccination, availability of service, economic status of the individual, and level of education. There was no significant relationship between the level of knowledge of cervical screening and vaccination and the uptake among the participants (p=0.178). Our study suggests that knowledge did not translate into the uptake of cervical cancer screening among study participants. Other factors were responsible. Therefore, multi-dimensional approaches toward addressing limiting factors to the uptake of cervical cancer screening and vaccination should be encouraged. Making screening facilities available and at a subsidised rate may encourage increased uptake. Continuous public health education and enlightenment are also recommended. Keywords: Cervical Cancer, Screening Uptake, Influencing Factors, Reproductive Age Women.

Abstract HIV/AIDS is a fatal illness that weakens the immune system of the body, making the victim susceptible to several opportunistic infections. The analysis and numerical simulation of the proposed epidemic model of HIV/AIDS with vertical transmission was carried out. The disease free and endemic equilibrium of the model were obtained and the basic reproduction number was established. Numerical simulations using the homotropy perturbation method was employed to demonstrate the efficacy of the key findings. The results of the simulation were graphically presented and interpreted. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, disease free equilibrium, endemic equilibrium, Laplace Adomian decomposition

Biostratigraphic analysis was carried out on KA-1 well, onshore Niger Delta Basin of Nigeria. A total of forty (40) ditch cutting samples were collected from the studied section at 30 feet depth intervals with the studied section ranging from 7590-4800feet. The objectives of this study are to determine the age and biozonation of the studied section. Using simple smear slide method, the samples were processed and analyzed for nannofossils using a reflected binocular microscope. Calcareous nannofossil assemblages from the well are of low diversity and abundance. Some depths yielded almost monospecific assemblages while some have no records of calcareous nannofossils. Species include Helicospharea ampliaperta, Sphenolithus heteromorphus, Cyclicargolithus floridanus, Helicospharea scissura and Discoaster deflander. These belong to the NN4 zone of middle to early Miocene age. Keywords: Biozonation, Calcareous nannofossils, Helicospharea ampliaperta, Oligotrophic, Niger Delta.

In this paper, we develop fundamental concepts required to extend the concept of group action on a set to fuzzy domain. We define product of a fuzzy set and a fuzzy group by using the idea of cartesian products of sets. We construct examples to demonstrate the defined concepts. We also discuss properties of the defined product of a fuzzy set and a fuzzy group as requisite to study of fuzzy group actions on fuzzy sets. Mathematics Subject Classification (2020). 08A99, 08C05, 22F05

Diarrhoeal illness remains a key global health problem causing 15% of deaths among children under five years of age. This study evaluated the antidiarrhoeal activity of Terminalia catappa aqueous stem bark extract on albino rats. Antidiarrhoeal activity of T. catappa was assessed by measuring the stool inhibition, gastrointestinal motility and castor oil-induced enteropooling. Thirty (30) albino rats were divided into 6 groups of 5 rats each, where groups I and II remained the normal and negative control groups respectively; group III was treated with standard drug, groups IV, V and VI were treated with 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg b. wt. of aqueous stem bark extract of T. catappa, respectively. Percentage stool inhibition of treated groups was significantly greater than that of the negative control. However, group II treated with standard drug (loperamide) showed higher percentage inhibition. The volume of intestinal fluid decreased with increase in dose of the extract. The volume of intestinal fluid of the group treated with standard drug significantly decreased when compared to group treated with extract. Distance travelled by the charcoal significantly decreased at higher dose of extract. Aqueous stem bark extract of T. catappa has a dose-dependent antidiarrhoeal activity. Keywords: Stool inhibition, diarrhoea, enteropooling, gastrointestinal motility, Terminalia catappa

Plant products provide a vast source of therapeutics, but not without toxicity. This study evaluated the in vitro cytotoxic and proliferative activity of selected plant extracts on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The PBMCs from healthy donors were exposed to varying concentrations (25 µg/ml, 50 µg/ml, 100 µg/ml and 200 µg/ml) of aqueous extracts of young leaves of Mangifera indica (MI) and stem barks of Commiphora kerstingii (CK), and Lannea acida and Acacia sieberiana formulation (LAASF). Trypan blue assay was used to determine the viability of human PBMCs after isolation. Cytotoxicity and proliferation of PBMCs were determined using WST-8 assay. The total viable cell count of the isolated PBMCs in this study was 8000 x 104 cells/ml while viability was 96.15%. The extract of LAASF showed the lowest percentage cytotoxicity (2.63%) at 25 µg/ml concentration, followed by CK (2.70%), then MI (7.71%). There was significant decrease in PBMCs mean absorbance scores across the different concentrations of MI (p=0.008), CK (p<0.0001) and LAASF (p=0.01). There was statistically significant proliferation of PBMCs for MI (p=0.003) and CK (p=0.005) compared to control. However, no significant difference was observed in LAASF on proliferation. Mean absorbance scores significantly decreased with an increase in the concentration of the extracts. The extracts have potential cytotoxicity on the PBMCs at higher concentrations. The extract of MI and CK exhibited higher cytotoxic and proliferative activity on the PBMCs than LAASF. An in-depth study to identify specific immune cells proliferated by the extracts will improve the credence of this study’s findings. Keywords: Herbal medicine, cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, humans, mononuclear leukocytes

Safe water is an essential resource for the existence and sustenance of life. The unavailability of safe water is a significant cause of water-related diseases, especially in developing countries like Nigeria. A spike in the incidence of waterborne diseases has become a public health concern. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate the diversity of bacteria, resistance pattern and level of antibiotic resistance determinants associated with bacteria isolated from different water sources in South-West Nigeria. A total of 120 water samples were collected across South-Western Nigeria from which bacteria were isolated, and identification was achieved by sequencing its partial 16S rRNA. Disc diffusion and multiplex PCR were used to determine antibiotic susceptibility and resistance determinants. A total of 50 bacterial isolates were identified, consisting of Proteus spp. (2), Bacillus spp. (8), Enterobacter spp. (8), Klebsiella spp. (9), Escherichia coli (7), Citrobacter spp. (6), Pseudomonas spp. (4), and Serratia marcescens (6). All the isolates were resistant to ceftazidime, cefuroxime, cefixime and amoxicillin/clavulanate, whereas 72%, 60%, 54% and 44% were resistant to nitrofurantoin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin respectively. Quinolone-resistant genes (qnrB, qnrA and qnrS), and tetracycline-resistant genes (tetA and tetB) were found in the isolates. The beta-lactamase gene and class 1 integron were also detected in the isolates, with the class 1 integron genes occurring the least. The results revealed that isolates were highly resistant to antibiotics used, as evident in the presence of antibiotic genes. This reveals the unsanitary states of water consumed by the general public, and the ingestion of these antibiotic-resistant bacteria is responsible for the birth of untreatable diseases. Keywords: Diversity, Antibiotic resistance, Resistance pattern, Resistance genes.

Curcuma longa (tumeric) is listed in several therapeutic regimens used in the management of cancer. The present study investigated the potential cytotoxic effects of ethanol extract of Curcuma longa (turmeric) leaves on HepG2 (a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line), and MCF-7 (a human mammary gland adenocarcinoma cell line) cells. The HepG2 and MCF-7 cells were exposed to different concentrations; 2, 0.2, 0.02, 0.002, 0.0002, 0.00002, 0.000002 μg/ml, of the ethanol extract of C. longa leaves. The Water-Soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay was used to estimate the cell viability of the cells after which the percentage proliferation was computed. The results of this study indicated that C. longa had cytotoxic effect on the different cell lines, caused a decrease in proliferation and it is more selective to breast cancer cell lines based on the results of WST-1 analysis on the HepG2 and MCF-7 cells. These results suggest that C. longa leaf possesses cytotoxic properties, which can be exploited to develop novel cytotoxic drugs for cancer management. Keywords: Curcuma longa, turmeric, HepG2, MCF-7, WST-1, proliferation, cytotoxic, cancer