This compelling book describes how everyday people courageously survived under repressive Communist regimes until the voices and actions of rebellious individuals resulted in the fall of the Iron Curtain in Europe. Part of Greenwood's Daily Life through History series, Daily Life behind the Iron Curtain enables today's generations to understand what it was like for those living in Eastern Europe during the Cold War, particularly the period from 1961 to 1989, the era during which these people—East Germans in particular—lived in the imposing shadow of the Berlin Wall. An introductory chapter discusses the Russian Revolution, the end of World War II, and the establishment of the Socialist state, clarifying the reasons for the construction of the Berlin Wall. Many historical anecdotes bring these past experiences to life, covering all aspects of life behind the Iron Curtain, including separation of families and the effects on family life, diet, rationing, media, clothing and trends, strict travel restrictions, defection attempts, and the evolving political climate. The final chapter describes Eastern Europe after the fall of the Berlin wall and the slow assimilation of East into West, and examines Europe after Communism.

Framing a "Life in the Iron Mills" Richard A. Hood Richard A. Hood Denison University Notes 1. John Conron describes the story this way, seeing its tiers as reflective of its landscape, in "Assailant Landscapes and the Man of Feeling," JACult, 3 (1980), 487-500. Sharon Harris extends this three-level description to reflect a division in class distinction, in "Rebecca Harding Davis: From Romanticism to Realism," ALR, 21 (1989), 4. 2. Harris, p. 6. 3. Rebecca Harding Davis, "Life in the Iron Mills," in "Life in the Iron Mills" and Other Stories, ed. Tillie Olsen (New York: The Feminist Press, 1972), p. 11. Hereafter cited parenthetically. 4. Coppelia Kahn, "Lost and Found," Ms., 2 (April 1974), 34. 5. Emily Dickinson, "Dare you see a Soul at the White Heat?" (#365), in Complete Poems, ed. Thomas H. Johnson (Boston: Little, Brown, 1960). 6. Note the implication that the reader will recognize "self-restraint" as a cardinal virtue. This is one of the relatively newly encoded virtues of the factory system. It would be interesting to explore the religious themes of the story and their connection to recently inscribed "virtues" of the nineteenth century. Mark Seltzer explores the connection between a growing culturalist "aestheticization of the natural body" (p. 459) and Davis's "uncanny hesitations about bodies and identities" (p. 466) in "The Still Life," ALH, 3 (Fall 1991), 455-86: "Davis's account . . . registers . . . the discipline of organized bodily movement that spread throughout the social body from the late eighteenth century on, disciplines centered in but not restricted to the army and the prison, the school and the factory" (p. 465). For an historical account of a new, religiously sanctioned conception of virtue as "self-discipline" growing up with the factory system, see Paul E. Johnson, A Shopkeeper's Millennium: Society and Revivals in Rochester, New York, 1815-1837 (New York: Hill and Wang, 1978). The new virtues "served the needs not of 'society' but of entrepreneurs who employed wage labor" (p. 137). 7. William Shurr, "Life in the Iron-Mills: A Nineteenth-Century Conversion Narrative," ATQ, 5 (1991), 245-57. 8. Shurr, pp. 256, 251. 9. Seltzer, p. 467. 10. Seltzer, p. 468. 11. Herman Melville, Moby-Dick, in Redburn, White-Jacket, Moby-Dick, ed. G. Thomas Tanselle (New York: Library of America, 1985), p. 1408. 12. Tillie Olsen, Silences (New York: Delta/Seymour Lawrence, 1978), p. 51. 13. Charlotte Goodman, "Portraits of the Artiste Manqué by Three Women Novelists," Frontiers, 5, no. 3 (Fall 1980), 57-59. 14. Jean Pfaelzer, "Rebecca Harding Davis: Domesticity, Social Order, and the Industrial Novel," International Journal of Women's Studies, 4 (May-June 1981), 237. 15. Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin, in Three Novels, ed. Kathryn Kish Sklar (New York: Library of America, 1982), p. 68. 16. Seltzer, p. 466. Copyright © 1995 Northeastern University

Journal Article The Life Cycle of the Iron Mining Town Get access Paul H. Landis Paul H. Landis South Dakota State College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 13, Issue 2, December 1934, Pages 245–256, https://doi.org/10.2307/2570341 Published: 01 December 1934

REBECCA HARDING DAVIS'S Life in the Iron-Mills, published in the April, i86i 4tlantic Monthly, is the first notable work of fiction to concern itself with the life of the factory worker in an industrial American town.' In literary histories, the story is usually treated, if treated at all, as a forerunner or early example of American literary realism.2 That it should receive such treatment is natural. Davis takes pains to initiate us into the knowledge of hitherto little acknowledged social realities; she seems a pioneer exploring a territory which, by the end of the nineteenth century, would be recognized as the new American wilderness. Yet the significance of Life in the Iron-Mills can better be appreciated, I think, by setting it in several other literary contexts: the achievement of Nathaniel Hawthorne, the writer to whom Davis owed most; the tradition of the social novel; the religious, apocalyptic bias of mid-nineteenth-century American literature. Set in these contexts, Davis's story comes to life not as a work which is admirable because it is almost realistic, but as a work which astonishes and informs its past and present readers because it shares in and extends the accomplishments of the romance. In Bits of Gossip, a book of reminiscences, Davis recalls the world of romance she constructed as a child reading Bunyan and Scott in a tree-house.3 One day she brought up into her private world a collection of moral tales for children, among which, she records,

In April 1861, The Atlantic Monthly stunned readers with the publication of Rebecca Harding Davis’s “Life in the Iron-Mills,” an industrial-themed tale that propelled Davis into the world of the li...

Rebecca Blaine Harding (not yet Davis) must have been a bit dismayed when she read her first published story, Life in the Iron-Mills, 1 in its April 1861Atlantic Monthly form. An entire paragraph had been excised from the manuscript (holograph) she had submitted in 1860. 2 When in 1972 Tillie Olsen reprinted Life in the Iron-Mills, she naturally used the Atlantic Monthly text, since she found it "in one of three water-stained, coverless volumes of bound Atlantic Monthly s... in an Omaha junkshop" (157). Ticknor and Fields published a new version of the story in an 1865 collection of fiction from the Atlantic Monthly. 3 Olsen's reprint and Cecelia Tichi's 1997 edition were both based on the Atlantic 's version of the story. Neither Olsen nor Tichi indicate awareness of the 1865 text. This 1865 version restores the substance of the holograph paragraph in two paragraphs, rather than one. The holograph and the 1865 texts contain Davis's full artistic vision, though the holograph is the superior text. It offers internal coherence to the story and is stylistically superior—more poetic, more technically accurate, and less effusive and declamatory—than the 1865 version of the story which, nonetheless, surpasses the Atlantic Monthly text.

Over the course of its two centuries, the Iron I landscape of the southern Levant witnessed the formation of the social, economic, and political foundations of the familiar constellation of Iron Ag...

본고는 19세기 미국 사실주의 문학의 선구자인 레베카 하딩 데이비스의 1861년 작(作)「제철공장에서의 삶」에 등장한 여성화자와 인물들, 그리고 공간이 가진 중요성을 재점검하고, 화자 ‘나’의 존재를 여성으로 구체화하는 작업을 통해 화자의 서재가 가진 의미를 공간적·물리적 의미에 한정하지 않고 사회적·페미니즘적 의미로의 확장을 추구함으로써 서재라는 공간을 계층과 성, 그리고 시간을 초월해 유령 같았던 여성의 존재를 보존할 수 있는 공간으로 위치시키고자 한다. 데이비스와 「삶」에 대한 여러 비평을 심도 있게 살펴보고 특히 여성주의 비평에서 데이비스의 작품과 인물을 새롭게 볼 수 있는 단서를 찾을 수 있는지 탐구한다. 그리고 남북전쟁 이전 남성 중심 자본주의 미국 사회 아래에서 하층 노동자 계급의 여성의 신체가 소모․착취되는 양상을 살펴봄으로써 여성의 몸과 여성의 공간의 재건이 어떻게 작품에서 사회비판을 위한 중요한 역할로 기능하는지를 알아본다. 마지막으로 금녀의 영역이라는 전통적이고 남성중심 담론에서 벗어나 화자의 서재를 여성의 공간으로 분석하고, 서재가 어떻게 여성연대를 꿈꿀 수 있는 공간이며 여성주의 관점에서 여성의 안식처로 거듭날 수 있는지를 탐구해 본다.This paper delves into the work of Rebecca Harding Davis, a nineteenthcentury American Naturalist female writer who was once forgotten for a long time and has now been newly rediscovered. It presents a working-class female subject from the multiple perspectives of body/space/gender studies, and describes how the writer establishes a literary link between socially aware writing and feminism through her first and most successful short story titled “Life in the Iron Mills,” published in April 1961. First, the exploited bodies of working-class women characters and the voice/observer/narrator describing them in “Life in the Iron Mills” will be re-examined to explore Davis’s critical navigation of the capitalistic, materialistic, and androcentric system in America. As the omniscient narrator of this story plays a key role in assembling, inviting, and restoring women in different classes into her Utopian space, “Life in the Iron Mills” is an urging voice starting from Davis and resonating outwards, in order to question/refute the suffocating domestic ideology and the myth of True Womanhood in nineteenth-century America.

In the original proposal entitled Reconstructing Ancient Israel – The Exact and Life Sciences Perspective, two of us (Israel Finkelstein and Steve Weiner) wrote, “If the microscopic data are well integrated into the macroscopic (archaeological) record, they will undoubtedly provide new insights into the study of Ancient Israel.” And this was what this 5-year (2009–2014) European Research Council (ERC) sponsored program (details below) was all about. New ground was broken on three fronts: conceptual, methodological, and in the generation of new data that indeed provide novel insights into the history and material culture of Ancient Israel in particular and the Iron Age Levant in general. The reviews presented in this special volume synthesize some of these new insights. The findings have been published in about 70 papers (see Appendix).

This chapter focuses on the iron enzymes. The iron enzymes are grouped together because they contain iron and their catalytic properties are due largely to this content of iron. The iron is located in the prosthetic group. The iron enzymes are: catalase, cytochromes, peroxidase, cytochrome oxidase, myeloperoxidase, cytochrome peroxidase, and lactoperoxidase. Catalase is found in all forms of life, but is said to be absent from microorganisms of the Lactobacteriaceae family and the genus Clostridium. Catalase is a protective enzyme. It protects living cells by decomposing the hydrogen peroxide formed in certain reactions into water and molecular oxygen. Plant peroxidase, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, catalyzes the oxidation of an indefinite number of phenols and aromatic amines. Lactoperoxidase contains only one hematin residue in the molecule and this is not protohematin. Myeloperoxidase is present in leucocytes, where its concentration is claimed to be about 1%, whereas cytochrome peroxidase has been found only in yeast. The enzyme acts not only upon reduced cytochrome c but it also oxidizes p-phenylenediamine, guaiacol, and ascorbic acid.