Este artículo analiza el impacto de ChatGPT, un modelo de conversación de IA, y de otros modelos generativos de lenguaje en la educación superior. Revisa evidencia reciente sobre los beneficios de su uso, como mejorar las habilidades de escritura de los estudiantes y generar preguntas de exámenes. La literatura muestra que el uso de estos modelos puede tener beneficios, tales como la mejora de habilidades de escritura y fácil generación de preguntas para exámenes. Sin embargo, también hay desafíos y riesgos asociados con su uso; problemas con la calidad de la información generada, sobrecarga cognitiva y aspectos éticos. La conclusión destaca la necesidad de establecer pautas y realizar más investigación para implementar estos modelos de forma que mejore la educación sin comprometer la agencia humana.

La privatización de la industria azucarera, que se acometió en las postrimerías de los años 1980 y en los inicios de la década de 1990, es un ejemplo de lo contradictorio que fue el proceso de implementación del neoliberalismo en México. A la venta de la propiedad estatal de los ingenios, se sumaron medidas de liberalización y de apertura hacia el exterior. Aunque por otra parte el Estado declaró de interés público la agroindustria cañera y siguió ejerciendo ciertas facultades regulatorias. Esta situación, aunado a la importación y producción nacional del jarabe de maíz de alta fructosa, el endeudamiento de los ingenios y diferendos con Estados Unidos por los cupos de las ventas al exterior de azúcar, ocasionaron una crisis en el sector que se zanjó con la expropiación de 27 ingenios en 2001.

<p>This paper presents an evaluation and analysis of the energy performance of a 33.7 MWp solar photovoltaic plant. Monitoring data for 36 months (January 2019-December 2021) have been used to evaluate the performance of the power plant according to the IEC 61724 standard. Normalized parameters that are (i) performance ratio, (ii) reference yield, (iii) array yield, (iv) final yield, (v) array capture losses, (vi) system losses, (vii) system efficiency, and (viii) capacity factor were quantified. During the study period, monthly averages of the normalized yields Y<sub>r</sub>, Y<sub>a,</sub> and Y<sub>f</sub> obtained are respectively 5.81 h/d, 4.59 h/d, and 4.52 h/d with average total losses (T<sub>L</sub>) estimated at 1.29 h/d and an average performance ratio (PR) of 78%. In light of this study, more than 80% of array capture losses are related to miscellaneous capture losses. Thus, periods of low production due to a drop in performance are compounded by other external climatic factors. The performance ratio becomes increasingly sensitive to the effect of temperature over time. This study could constitute a decision support tool for solar power plant projects underway at the national level and in the Sudan-Sahelian zone.</p>

Risks from indoor pollutants require the implementation of effective policies to prevent and reduce exposure. To take decisions and actions, competent authorities need relevant information. In the case of indoor radon exposure, surveys are carried out by installing detectors in buildings (homes, workplaces) that measure radon concentration in rooms. Conducting national or large-scale surveys in buildings requires addressing both technical complexities of implementation and economic costs. In order to support the implementation of large-scale radon surveys, procedure and tools are described for defining the sample size of buildings to be measured according to available resources, for planning the sampling of buildings in relation to the specific objectives of the survey, and for obtaining a tool for management and control of sample recruitment and installation of radon detectors in buildings, reducing sources of bias. A particular application is shown for the case of the EU radon regulation.

Futbol Kulüplerinin Amblem-Logolarında Yer Alan Somut ve Somut Olmayan Kültü Varlıkları adlı makalede; 2020-2021 sezonu itibariyle, Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu (TFF) erkekler Süper, 1. 2. ve 3. liglerinde yer alan takımların amblem ve logolarında yer alan somut ve somut olmayan kültür varlıkları ele alınmıştır. Buna göre ilgili liglerde mücadele eden takımların tamamı incelenmiş ve toplam otuz bir adet spor kulübünün amblem-logolarına makalede yer verilmiştir. Spor kulüplerinin amblem-logoları üzerine yapılan tespit ve değerlendirmelerde hem grafik tasarım hem de sanat tarihi disiplinlerinden istifade edilmiştir. Amblem-logolar tasarım açısından tanımlandıktan sonra, amblem-logolarda yer alan kültür varlıkları ve mitolojik unsurlar hakkında ayrıca bilgi verilmiş, değerlendirme kısmında ise tüm çalışmalar bütüncül bir bakış açısıyla ele alınarak kendi içerisinde bir karşılaştırılmaya tabi tutulmuştur. Yaklaşık bir yıllık bir araştırmanın ürünü olan bu çalışmada deskriptif bir metodoloji tercih edilmiştir. Bu araştırma ile spor kulüplerinin amblem-logolarının biçimlenmesinde kültür ve tarih olgularının belirleyici olduğunun gösterilmesi ve sosyolojik bir arka plana sahip olduğunun bu vesileyle vurgulanması, çalışmanın en önemli çıktılarından birini oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın bir diğer önemli çıktısı ise ticari bir kaygı merkezli tanınırlık özelinde, kültür varlıklarının spor kulüpleri tarafından tercih edildiğinin gösterilmesidir. Spor kulüplerinin aynı zamanda birer ticari kuruluş misyonları da olduğu düşünüldüğünde, kültür varlıklarının kentlerin simgeleri olmalarının yanında, spor kulüplerinin marka değerini de hizmet ettikleri de görülmektedir. Çalışmanın grafik sanatı ve sanat tarihi odaklı disiplinlerarası bir araştırma olduğu düşünüldüğünde, makalenin benzer konuda çalışma yapacaklara bir kaynak teşkil etmesinin bir temel hedef olarak amaçlandığını da ayrıca belirtmek gerekmektedir.

To estimate the association between disability and the demand for medical emergency care by citizens of Peru over the age of 18 years in 2019. Cross-sectional analysis of secondary data from the national survey of budgeted programs (ENAPRES, in its Peruvian abbreviation) of 2019. Disabilities were surveyed based on the criteria of the Washington Group on Disability Statistics. Medical emergencies were queried using 2 questions referring to life-threatening situations. Sociodemographic covariables and variables related to certain medical emergencies were also analyzed as possible confounders. Poisson regression analysis was carried out and crude and adjusted prevalence ratios calculated. Calculations were performed on a complex sample of data from the ENAPRES 2019 survey. Data for 62 959 persons over the age of 18 years were included. Some type of disability was reported by 4.3% of the sample, and 8.7% reported a medical emergency during the past year. Persons with 3 or more disabilities were 2.97-fold more likely to have a medical emergency than persons without disabilities (prevalence ratio, 2.97 (95% CI, 2.28-3.87) after adjustment for multiple confounding variables. Disabled persons were more likely to have medical emergencies than persons without disabilities in Peru in 2019. The likelihood of medical emergencies was slightly higher in those with 3 or more disabilities.

The effects of macro and micro environmental on the decisions of choosing the operations strategy in the manufacturing industry are part of a number of scientific researches. In addition to this industry, the service industry, mainly in recent years, has attracted the attention of researchers, including the way it develops operations strategies. Based on the experiences of the manufacturing sector, in this paper we will try to analyze the relationships between external environmental factors and decisions on the choice of operations strategy. The conducted study highlights important relations between these variables. Thus, technology, as one of the most dynamic macro-environmental factors, through its elements such as retail computer systems or even innovations, dictates the choice of operations strategy. While other elements, such as labor supply does not appear to have the same impact as technology on choosing the right strategy of operations in the retail sector in our country. In order to prove the hypothesis raised in this study we used the factor and the path analysis. The primary data collected through the questionnaire built specifically for this study were processed with the SPSS program.

Data regarding risk factors and long-term outcomes of U.S. patients with biopsy-proven metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are limited. This study aimed to investigate the role of clinical and histologic risk factors on long-term outcomes in patients with MASLD. A retrospective cohort study of 451 adults with biopsy-proven MASLD was conducted at a U.S. academic hospital from 2012 to 2020. An experienced pathologist evaluated the index liver biopsy. Patients with a prior liver transplant or alternative etiologies of chronic liver disease were excluded. The duration of the risk exposure was determined from the date of the index liver biopsy to an outcome event or the last follow-up examination. Outcome events of interest included incident liver-related events, liver decompensation, and all-cause mortality. In the final cohort of 406 patients followed for a median of 3.7 years (interquartile range: 4.8 years), 35 patients died, 41 developed hepatic decompensation, and 70 experienced a liver-related event. Among histologic risk factors, stage 3 (adjusted Hazard ratio (aHR) 2.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-6.11) and stage 4 (aHR 6.96, 95% CI 3.55-13.64) fibrosis were associated with incident liver-related events compared to stage 0-1 fibrosis. Stage 4 (aHR 8.46, 95% CI 3.26-21.99) fibrosis alone was associated with incident liver decompensation events compared to stage 0-1 fibrosis. Among clinical risk factors, hypertension (aHR 2.58, 95% CI 1.05-6.34) was associated with incident liver decompensation. In a U.S. single-center cohort of patients with biopsy-proven MASLD, advanced fibrosis was the primary risk factor for incident liver decompensation and liver-related events.