The review provides a description of the bioeconomics from the point of view of experts of the committees of the NAS, USA, accompanied by up-to-date information on the state of affairs in this area. The review suggests that, despite differences in national attributes, bioeconomics concept develops from the national science enterprise model to the global research space model.

The problem of characterization scientific knowledge and its difference from other forms of activity has been discussed since antiquity. Nevertheless, in its modern guise, the problem of demarcation of science and non-science appeared in the works of logical positivists and their critic K. Popper. Thanks to their efforts, this problem has become one of the central problems of the philosophy of science of the XX century. However, the difficulties of the well-known classical and modern criteria of demarcation (including the verificationist and falsificationist criteria) prompted the American philosopher of science L. Laudan to declare «the demise of the demarcation problem». According to Laudan, any satisfactory criterion of demarcation must provide a set of necessary and sufficient conditions, on the basis of which only it will be possible to distinguish between science and non-science. Meanwhile, based on the heterogeneity of the forms of scientific knowledge and long unsuccessful attempts to give a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for what determines science, Laudan concluded that attempts to find the criterion of demarcation are futile. However, as further investigations have showed, Laudan may have been hasty in his conclusions. In particular, one of the promising approaches to the solution of the demarcation problem may be associated with the idea of family resemblance popularized by L. Wittgenstein and the application of developments from the field of fuzzy logic.

The concept of «digital well-being» is used to denote the positive effect of applying of digital technologies in all spheres of modern society. However, as practice shows, new information and communication technologies are quite risky and very ambiguous in the sense of an unconditional benefit for society. This thematic review presents an analysis of scientific sources on key social spheres: healthcare, education, economy, management and social development, media and entertainment, which are currently experiencing the most direct and aggressive impact of digitalization. The purpose of the review is to identify open and unresolved issues related to the ethics of digital well-being of society.

The criterion of falsifiability is the cornerstone of the methodological doctrine of K. Popper. According to Popper, a theory is falsifiable and, therefore, scientific if there is at least one statement describing some phenomena in the world with which the prediction derived from this theory is incompatible. If falsified, the theory must be rejected. However, P. Duhem showed that scientific theories are tested experimentally only in conjunction with a number of auxiliary assumptions, the truth of which is implicitly assumed by the experimenter. At the same time, the result of the experiment, which contradicts the predictions of the system «theory and auxiliary assumptions», does not in itself say which component of this system is false. Identifying faulty components is what constitutes the Duhem problem. A promising way to solution of this problem may be associated with the application of Bayes' theorem and the methods of mathematical probability theory and statistics.

The review establishes that the philosophy of science of the second half of the XX century contains an accurate image of the society that was formed in the first 15 years of the XXI century thanks to digital communication technologies. Based on the analysis of modern research in the field of social sciences, it is shown that this global, postmodern, neoliberal society of post-truth and post-humanism created by digital communication technologies caused a corresponding radical restructuring of the social sciences.

An excursion is given through the pages of the book dedicated to the key employees of S.I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IHST RAS). In their analysis, the authors of the book rely on a strict scientometric approach. However, the analysis is not limited to this approach. It is shown that the authors of the book appear to be pioneers in the combined genre of scientometrics «with a human face». The strict statistics is supplemented with the biographies of scientists and the memoirs of their colleagues as well. The history of the uneasy relations between the government and IHST, based on the example of the fate of leading scientists, can be traced from the moment of the establishment of the institute to the present day. In the Soviet times, the institute experienced ideological pressure, while today IHST shares the fate of other institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In accordance with the title of the book, the authors are apparently trying to reveal the hidden predetermination of events that determined precisely this or that creative «trajectory» in the biographies of the heroes of the book.

The review analyzes a new cognitive trend in the social sciences and humanities. It is argued that digital communication technologies, which have formed a global information society with an unprecedented level of social self-organization, have created a public demand for a broad democratization of knowledge. It is shown that in response to this demand, social and human sciences are forced to adjust their theoretical, methodological and methodical tools accordingly.

The paper argues that the concept of «managing the future» has become a conceptual component of state strategies for science and technologies development. Think tanks serve as one of the tools of such management. The growth of their number at the turn of the century was noted by many experts, and the author adds the lowing depersonalized trust factor to the list of known explanatory reasons. The example of the Committee on the Future of Electric Power in the U.S. as a temporary creative team in the format of a think tank, is considered. Think tanks act as substitutes for those subjects of management of the future, trust in which is declining in society. The set of such substitutions is rather blurred, its boundaries are uncertain. Consequently, a recent decline in the number of think tanks does not necessarily mean a decline in the number of substitutes.

The paper presents an interpretation of the development of theories that led to the formation of the science management model reflected in the Strategy of Scientific and Technological Development of Russia. The author discovers in the Strategy model the principles, which were proclaimed by W. Bush in his report 75 years ago: giving universities the role of drivers of the country innovative development, team organization and a new social contract. Moreover, the Strategy’s practice embodies the same idea of centralizing support for academic research within a single federal agency. In Russia, the Russian Science Foundation has become such an agency. At the same time, further development of management concepts is influenced by foreign trends, including the desire for convergence of sciences in the US research enterprise, the formation of the 3rd generation of innovation policy in Europe, the transition to humanistic terminology in the «Great Reset» project, etc. These trends stimulate Russia's desire to gain a foothold on the «Science Frontier» and offer an adequate response to the Great Challenges. However, to solve these problems, it is necessary to overcome the looseness of the science management structure, implement a hybrid system of public and private support for science, and ensure coordinated efforts within the framework of «bottom-up» innovation processes, with the participation of all stakeholders and with a thorough diagnosis of the strengths and problems of specific regions.

The review provides a characteristic of modern society as a global socio-technical system that represents a global environment for digital communication. It is stated that in the digital social environment there is a forced structural change in the social sciences associated with the actualization of their new objectivity. It is shown that in the global socio-technical system social dynamics as such, decision-making practice, and management of social conflicts are becoming topical research subjects.