Introdiction: Rambutan peel (Nephelium lappaceum L) contains antioxidant compounds like flavonoids such as anthocyanins. The high antioxidant activity causes the high utilization of rambutan peel for treatment, but its side effects on the body are unknown. Aims: This study aimed to analyze the effect of giving rambutan rind ethanol fraction on body weight and toxic symptoms in white rats. Methods: The test was carried out using the OECD 425 method in which there were three treatment groups, each consisting of 5 test animals that were given the preparation orally. Treatment 1 was only given 1% CMC Na for 14 days; treatment 2 was given the ethanol fraction of rambutan peel 400 mg/200 g BW which was observed every 30 minutes for 4 hours, then up to 48 hours, then every day for up to 14 days. If there is none, it is continued with treatment 3, which is given the ethanol fraction of rambutan peel 1000 mg/200 g BW for 14 days. Symptoms of acute animal toxicity were observed for 14 days in that treatment. Result: The results showed that the ethanol fraction of rambutan peel doses of 400 mg/200 g BW and 1000 mg/200 g BW had a significant effect (p=0.017) in increasing the body weight profile of white rats, and there were no signs of acute toxicity in each treatment group. Conclusion: The dose of the ethanol fraction of rambutan peel 400 mg/200 g BW is the best, with an increased body weight of 25.17%.

Introduction: Armpit odor is one of the problems caused by bacteria, one of which is Staphylococcus aureus. The rind of the tamarind seed contains tannins and flavonoids that function as antibacterial. Aims: The purpose of this study was to formulate the ethanolic extract of tamarind seed coat into roll-on deodorant preparations and to determine the zone of inhibition from variations in the concentration of the extract. Methods: The method used is the well diffusion method and the data obtained are then analyzed using Statistical Product and Service solution (SPSS). The level of confidence used is 95% to see the significance of each evaluation of the preparation. Result: The results showed that the roll on deodorant preparation of ethanol extract of tamarind seed coat did not meet the requirements for good dispersibility, adhesion and viscosity for topical preparations in general and emulsion preparations. The pH of the preparation met the axillary skin pH he standard for topical preparations. The roll-on deodorant preparation of ethanol extract of tamarind seed cultivars was effective in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Conclusion: The results of inhibition zone 3 formulations containing extracts were in the strong category and the value increased with increasing concentration of tamarind seed coat extract in the deodorant preparation.

Introduction: Artocarpus heterophyllus LMK. leaves contain flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, which have the potential to be antibacterial. Aims: This study aims to test the antibacterial activity of A. heterophyllus leaves ethanol extract, which is formulated in a gel preparation. Methods: Antibacterial testing was done on the acne-causing bacteria Propionibacterium acnes. The gel formula is designed with an extract concentration of 5, 10, or 15% with Carbopol 940 and HPMC as the bases. The antibacterial activity test was carried out using the well diffusion method. Result: The results of the study showed that the concentration of the extract affected pH, adhesive power, removability, and viscosity. Antibacterial activity tests showed that the gel of A. heterophyllus extract could inhibit Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. The higher the concentration of the extract, the greater the antibacterial activity. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the gel with an extract concentration of 15% gave the strongest antibacterial activity with an inhibition zone of 10.9 ± 1.18 mm.

Introduction: The increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics provides an opportunity to obtain antibacterial compounds from natural ingredients. Porang is a plant belonging to the Araceae family that has potential against Propionibacterium acne. Aims: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the preparation of porang tuber extract gel against Propionibacterium acne. Methods: The porang were extraction by maceration using ethanol. The extract porang were made gel with various concentration and evaluation their stability and antibacterial activity using disc diffusion method. Result: The hedonic test showed no significant differenece each of formula and stable during storage in two weeks. On the other hand, only formula F2 and F3 can inhibit of Propionibacterium acnee. Conclusion: The porang extract can made of gel and good stability. The formula F2 and F3 have antibacterial activity.

Introduction: Temu blenyeh (Curcuma purpurascens Blume) is a species of Curcuma belonging to the Zingiberaceae family. This plant contains secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, and polyphenols, which function as antimicrobials. Aims: The aims of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract of intersection blenyeh against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Methods: The extraction process was carried out by maceration, and the antimicrobial activity test was carried out using paper disc diffusion. The negative control used in this study was 5% DMSO, while the positive control was 0.2% Chlorhexidine. Result: The results of phytochemical screening using the TLC method showed that the ethanol extract of intersection blenyeh contained flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, and polyphenols. The results of the antimicrobial activity test of the ethanol extract of the temu blenyeh at concentrations of 30; 40; 50; 60; and 70% against Streptococcus mutans produced an inhibition zone belonging to the medium category with an average inhibition zone value of 6.75; 7.00; 7.08; 7.16; and 8.26 mm, while Candida albicans produced an inhibition zone that belonged to the very weak category with an average inhibition zone value of 2.75; 3.16; 3.33; 3.60; and 3.67 mm. Conclusion: The conclusion of this research is that the ethanol extract of intersection blenyeh has antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans.

Ambroxol can overcome infections due to the presence of biofilms in the body by interfering with the formation of sticky biofilms and reducing biofilm production, so it has the potential to be used in topical preparations for the treatment of infections. This study aimed to measure the irritating effect on the skin of rabbits resulting from the ambroxol solution to assess the safety of the ambroxol solution. The methods refers to BPOM 2020, namely by dabbing 0.5 ml of ambroxol solution on the back skin of rabbits, then covering it with gauze and non-irritant plasters, after 4 hours of cleaning of residues is then observed at 1 , 24, 48 and 72 hours to see whether or not there was an effect of erythema and edema arising from the influence of the experiment, and at the end of the investigation, a histopathological test was carried out. The results of the research are Macroscopically the ambroxol solution did not show any erythema and edema, so the primary irritation index score was obtained for all test solutions with a score of 0. In contrast, in the microscopic irritation test, the score for erythema was 4 and for edema was 3. . From this research, it can be concluded that the ambroxol solution non-irritating to the skin.
 
 KEYWORDS: Biofilm, ambroxol solutions, acute irritation test.
 

Introdiction: Parang romang contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The secondary metabolites of the leaf extract have low solubility in water. The self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) is one solution to increase the solubility of the extract. Aims This study aims to obtain the best formula and ensure that the assay analysis method used can provide accurate and reliable results so that they can be trusted. Methods: Parang romang leaf extract was added to the optimum mixture of tween 20/80, propylene glycol, and olive oil and then characterized including% transmittance, drug loading, emulsification time, particle size, index polydispersity, zeta potential, dissolution test, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM ) and validation of the analysis method including linearity, precision, accuracy, LOD, and LOQ. Result: The results showed the ratio of surfactant, co-surfactant, and olive oil which produced the optimum formula for SNEDDS, namely 26 ml; 17.5 ml; and 6.5 ml,% transmittance 85.90, drug loading 45.36, emulsification time for AGF, AIF, and aqua dest was 15-16 seconds, particle size 404.1 nm, index polydispersity 0.840, zeta potential -31.4 mV, dissolution test 92.13%, SEM in the form of spherical chunks, and the result of the validation test of the analytical method with a linearity of r = 0.9902, precision 0.436%, accuracy 103.738%, LOD 1.87 µ / ml and LOQ 5.57 µ / ml. SNEDDS parang romang leaf extract using olive oil as the oil phase, Tween 80 as a surfactant, and propylene glycol as a cosurfactant provide optimal nanoemulsion characteristics and validation of the analytical method meets the requirements. Conclusion: Formula 1 SNEDDS parang romang leaf extract using olive oil as the oil phase, Tween 80 as a surfactant, and propylene glycol as a cosurfactant is an optimal formula that provides good nanoemulsion characteristics and validation of analytical methods meets the requirements

Introduction: The discovery of endophytic microbes, which are microorganisms that reside within plant tissues and can produce bioactive compounds with similar properties to their host plants, is one possible solution to this issue. Endophytic fungi are capable of manufacturing antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, antimalarial, and antidiabetic agents. Portulaca oleracea L. is a weed that has spread globally. Portulaca oleracea L.has been utilized as a nutritious and medicinal plant for countless centuries. Aims: This study seeks to assess the antidiabetic potential of the endophytic fungi Portulaca oleracea L. Methods: In this study, isolation, macroscopic testing, fermentation, and antidiabetic activity testing were conducted using the alpha-glucosidase method. Twelve isolates with macroscopically distinct characteristics were obtained from of isolating the endophytic fungi. The procedure then advances to the fermentation and ethyl acetate extraction phases. Result: The results showed that there was inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme in hydrolyzing substrates into glucose by secondary metabolite extracts of fungi associated with the plant Portulaca oleracea L. with the highest percentage inhibition on the lab scale in the 12th isolate (83.92%). Conclusion: This measurement gives good results as an α-glucosidase inhibitor, so its potential as a source of antidiabetic drug substances is very high.

Introdiction: In this modern era, people demand everything fast and practical. Likewise, in terms of food or beverage, people tend to prefer instant products. Instant products are food or beverage products that are easy to serve or consume in a relatively short time, such as instant powdered drinks. The physical characteristics of instant products can be interpreted as the essential properties of their ingredients in addition to chemical and biochemical properties. The physical characteristics are needed to develop instant products that are useful for producing quality food or beverage products. Aims: Instant powder drink product from the combination of yellow sweet potatoes and red beans need to be analyzed for their physical characteristics through yield, water absorption, solubility, viscosity, and shelf life. Result: The results of the analysis showed that the instant powder drink product combination of yellow sweet potato and red bean had a yield of 30.40%, a water absorption capacity of 4.98 ml, a solubility of 63.42%, and a viscosity of 14.80 cp. At the same time, the shelf life of this product is based on the assumption of average storage temperature in Indonesia (around 28ºC-38ºC), which is approximately 5 months of shelf life. Conclusion: Based on the results of the analysis, instant powder drink products have fairly good product stability and the product can be stored at room temperature or refrigerator

Introduction: Xenograft models play a pivotal role in preclinical studies for assessing the efficacy of anticancer medications. In this comprehensive review, we present an overview of current advancements and future prospects in xenograft research, focusing on their significance in guiding drug development and clinical translation. Aim: Our aim is to conduct an in-depth review of xenograft models, their utility in evaluating anticancer drug effectiveness and ultimately improve patient outcomes. Methods We conducted an in-depth literature search using databases such as ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and PubMed with keywords including "xenograft model, cancer CDX PDX." We then reviewed and analyzed relevant studies that utilized xenograft models in order to highlight key findings and contributions made through such models. Results: Our analysis showcases the essential role of xenograft models in assessing the efficacy of anticancer drugs. We discuss the benefits and limitations of these models, emphasizing their importance in guiding drug development and clinical decision-making. Conclusion: Xenograft models remain invaluable tools in preclinical cancer research despite their inherent limitations, with researchers continually striving to refine and enhance these models to ensure their reliability in an ever-evolving field of cancer therapeutics. Utilizing xenograft models allows researchers to evaluate anticancer drug activity more accurately while striving for improved patient outcomes.