The aim of this study was to reveal the key genes associated with macrophage polarization in liver cancer. Data were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the Cancer Genome Atlas databases (TCGA). R package Seurat 4.0 was used to preprocess the downloaded single-cell sequencing data, principal component analysis, and clustering. R package SingleR was used to annotate cell types and calculate macrophage polarization scores. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to obtain key genes highly correlated with macrophage polarization in liver cancer. The Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource algorithm was used to analyze the correlation between genes and the infiltration level of macrophages. Finally, the prognostic model was constructed based on 6 macrophage polarization-related genes by multivariate Cox regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier curves and receiver operating characteristic curves validated the prognostic value of the prognostic model. Two thousand highly variable genes were obtained after the normalization of single-cell profiles. In all, 16 principal components and 15 cell clusters were obtained. Monocytes and macrophages were the main immune cells in the microenvironment of liver cancer tissues. Macrophage polarization scores showed that cluster 5 had the highest degree of polarization. Spearman analysis yielded that a total of 6 key genes associated with macrophage polarization (CD53, TGFBI, S100A4, pyruvate kinase M, LSP1, SPP1), and Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource analysis showed that 6 key genes were significantly positively correlated with macrophage infiltration levels. The model constructed by 6 key genes could effectively evaluate the prognosis of patients with liver cancer. The key genes associated with macrophage polarization, namely CD53, TGFBI, S100A4, pyruvate kinase M, LSP1, and SPP1, may be potential therapeutic targets for liver cancer.

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Recently, it has been wildly recognized that active pre- chamber has a significant effect on extending the lean burn limit of gasoline engines. Ion current signals in the combustion is also considered as a promising approach to the engine knock detection. In this study, the feasibility of employing ion current in an active pre- chamber for combustion diagnosis was analyzed by three-dimensional numerical simulation on a single- cylinder engine equipped with active pre-chamber. The flow characteristics of charged species (NO<sup>+</sup>, H3O<sup>+</sup> and electrons) in the main chamber and pre-chamber under knock conditions are investigated at different engine speeds, intake pressures and ignition timings. The results show that the ion current can theoretically be used for the knock detection of the active pre- chamber. The peak value of the electron or H3O<sup>+</sup> mass fraction caused by knocking backflow can be used as knock indication peak. Intake pressure is the most critical factor affecting the intensity of knocking backflow. The electron knock indication peak can be significantly increased by 193.99% when the engine speed downed from 3000 r/min to 1500 r/min; increased by 53.26%, when the intake pressure is increased from 0.1 MPa to 0.2 MPa. Only increased by 23.8%, when ignition timing adjusted. Therefore, under a low speed and a high load condition, the knock is more likely to occur and be detected by the ion current in the active pre-chamber. And the knock indication peak is not only influenced by knock intensity, but also by the flow induced by, for example, piston motion.</div></div>

in this retrospective single-center study, we aimed to report on the clinical performances achieved with high-flow tunneled CVCs (DualCath or DCath) and compared them with arteriovenous accesses (AVAs, e.g., AV fistula, AV graft, and Thomas Shunt) in a hospital-based dialysis unit. Sixty-eight stage 5 chronic kidney disease dialysis-dependent patients (CKD5D) receiving high volume hemodiafiltration were followed-up with for 30 months. The study consisted of two phases: baseline cross-sectional and longitudinal follow-ups of key performance indicators. Clinical performances consisting of effective blood flow and blood volume, recirculation, urea and ionic Kt/V, total Kt, ultrafiltration volume, and percent reduction in β2-M were measured monthly as part of quality control in our unit. At baseline, the effective blood flow using a DCath was close to 400 mL/min, similar to an AVA. Recirculation with a DCath (7%, 6-13%) was higher than with an AVA. The diffusive dialysis dose delivered with a DCath (spKt and eKt/V) and convective dialysis dose achieved with a DCath were slightly lower than those achieved with AVAs, but they were still much higher than is recommended by guidelines. The percent reduction in β2-M achieved with a DCath was also 4 to 10% lower than that achieved with an AVA. On longitudinal follow-up, the main clinical performance indicators of DCaths (total Kt and total ultrafiltration volume, L/session) were maintained as very stable over time and close to those achieved with AVAs. As shown in this study, high-flow DualCath tunneled two-single-lumen silicone catheters may be used to deliver high volume hemodiafiltration in a reliable and consistent manner without compromising clinical performance. These results relied on the specific design of the two silicone cannulas and the strict adherence to best catheter practices.

A high Bs nanocrystal alloy has been used for the teeth portion of the stator core of distributed winding IPM motors to improve their efficiency by expanding the area. In an amorphous metal, the efficiency decreases in the high torque region therefore the aim is to improve the efficiency. Accordingly, analysis studies and prototype evaluations were conducted to quantitatively understand the effect of improving the efficiency. Based on the results of the analysis, the effect of the magnetic properties of the high Bs nanocrystal alloy on the torque characteristics of the motor and the effect on the iron loss is clarified. The results reveal that the prototype motor for verification can improve the efficiency in all operating areas compared to the electrical steel sheet machine.

Reject rate analysis is considered an integral part of a diagnostic radiography quality control (QC) program.A rejected image is a patient radiograph that was not presented to a radiologist for diagnosis and that contributes unnecessary radiation dose to the patient.Reject rates that are either too high or too low may suggest systemic department shortcomings in QC mechanisms. Due to the lack of standardization, reject data often cannot be easily compared between radiographysystems from different vendors.The purpose of this report is to provide guidance to help standardize data elements that are required for comprehensive reject analysis and to propose data reporting and workflows to enable an effective and comprehensive reject rate monitoring program. Essential data elements, a proposed schema for classifying reject reasons, and workflow implementation options are recommended in this task group report.

This paper discusses a new generation of heterogeneous integration architectures which we refer to as quasi-monolithic chips (QMC). QMC enables flexible out-of-order combinations of silicon process & packaging techniques to create flexible and ultra-high interconnect density 3D architectures to fit future computing & AI needs. We show the main structural elements of the architecture and its performance including up to 10X interconnect power reduction and density improvements. We also cover the main new process modules needed to enable QMC including high density back-end compatible hybrid bonding and ultra-thick oxide fill modules.

The focus of this research was to understand the effects of formulation and processing variables on the very-rapidly dissolving printlets of isoniazid (INH) manufactured by the selective laser sintering (SLS) three-dimensional (3D) printing method, and to characterize their physicochemical properties, stability, and pharmacokinetics. Fifteen printlet formulations were manufactured by varying the laser scanning speed (400-500 mm/s, X1), surface temperature (100-110 °C, X2), and croscarmellose sodium (CCS, %, X3), and the responses measured were weight (Y1), hardness (Y2), disintegration time (DT, Y3), and dissolution (Y4). Laser scanning was the most important processing factor affecting the responses. DT was very rapid (≥3 s), and dissolution (>99%) was completed within 3 min. The root-mean-square error in the studied responses was low and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was statistically significant (p < 0.05). X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) images showed very porous structures with 24.6-34.4% porosity. X-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry data indicated partial conversion of the crystalline drug into an amorphous form. The printlets were stable at 40 °C/75% RH with no significant changes in assay and dissolution. Pharmacokinetic profiles of the printlets and compressed tablets were superimposable. In conclusion, the rapidly dissolving printlets of the INH were stable, and oral bioavailability was similar to that of compositionally identical compressed tablets.

3-D stacked CMOS transistors offer an opportunity to enable further standard cell and SRAM scaling, making them a promising transistor architecture to extend Moore's law. We review state-of-the-art approaches for achieving 3-D CMOS stacking. The sequential approach is highlighted by fabricating Ge PMOS stacked via layer transfer on top of Si NMOS, and self-aligned approach is demonstrated by simultaneously fabricated NMOS-on-PMOS multi-nanoribbon Si transistors. Both approaches showcase a well-balanced CMOS inverter built from transistors in top and bottom device layers.

This paper demonstrates industry-best hafnium-based FeRAM performance and reliability by showing (i) read/write speed scaled down to ~2ns, (ii) read/write endurance beyond 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> cycles, and (iii) tail-bit variations of scaled capacitors working at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$4\sigma$</tex> across a 300mm wafer at elevated temperature, by switching anti-ferroelectric (AFE) capacitors at −1.6V and 1.2V. Furthermore, a physics-based multi-domain compact circuit model is developed for AFE capacitors to describe FeRAM operations. Array-level circuit simulations show that FeRAM is less vulnerable to disturb through parasitic capacitor coupling due to the small amount of polarization charge change <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(\Delta P)$</tex> relative to its high remanent polarization <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(P_{r})$</tex> . Finally, high yield in a capacitor-array with no significant degradation in retention well over 10s and a healthy memory window (MW) under 1ms disturb 20% of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$V_{write}$</tex> at elevated temperature is shown, paving way for AFE-based FeRAM toward the next generation high-speed and high-density embedded memory.