Rabies is a 100% fatal zoonotic disease and is preventable through timely and adequate Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP). World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) haven’t issued any guidelines for PEP for rabies in animals, still in certain Indian states like Himachal Pradesh (HP) PEP regimen with active immunization on 0,3,7,14 and 28 days mostly by Intramuscular Rabies Vaccine (IMRV) is being followed. Recently in Rampur Bushahar, a suspected rabid dog later laboratory confirmed had bitten 21 dogs, 2 cows, and 2 men. We employed PEP in animals using Raksharab vaccine intra-dermally (IDRV) (0.2 ml, pre-scapular region) on days 0, 3,7,14, and 28 along with only local wound infiltration of eRIG in 8 out of 11 bitten dogs with Category III exposure. Furthermore, 3 noncooperative dogs with Category III exposure were given IMRV (1ml) on day 0,3,7,14,28 with only wound infiltration of eRIG. 2 Cows were administered 0.2 ml IDRV in the skin at the middle of the neck with only wound infiltration of eRIG. Human bite victims also received 0.1 ml IDRV at 2 sites in the deltoid region on days 0,3, and 7 along with wound infiltration of eRIG at the nearby health center. Serum samples were collected for Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT) for estimation of Rabies Vaccine Neutralizing Antibody (RVNA) titer after day 14 for 8 dogs, 2 cows, and human bite victims, and all had RVNA titer >0.5 IU/ml on day 14 except one in IMRV group. None of the bitten victims had clinical manifestations of rabies even after 1 year of follow-up. This indicates wound infiltration with eRIG along with the vaccine could be a life-saving protocol. Also using expired eRIG in emergencies was safe and life saving in animals. Expired eRIG used was later tested and was found to be potent.

Background: Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) has become a significant world-wide health problem. Antimicrobial use though necessary, overusing/misusing can have detrimental long-term effects. Managing AMR involves a lot of challenges, therefore appropriate strategies must be developed to overcome them. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search using web-based search engines employing a combination of search terms. The search yielded 404 papers between 2000 and 2021. We took up Forty-four papers fulfilling the inclusion-exclusion criteria for review. Results: The challenges identified from studies in implementing the Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (AMSP) include the administration’s lack of knowledge, a deficit of resources, staff turnover, resistance to change, delay in Culture and Drug Sensitivity Testing (CDST), inadequate training, patient expectations, and insufficient Electronic Medical Records (EMR). Conclusion: Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health concern that all stakeholders must address. Improvements in antimicrobial consumption reporting and locally tailored guidelines can help to ensure successful implementation.

Introduction: Premature ageing is a process associated with a progressive accumulation of deleterious changes over time, an impairment of physiologic functions, an increase in the risk of disease and death. In Ayurveda, all human beings are categorised into basic sub-seven types based on their constitution. Along with this, ageing can be accelerated by lifestyle choices and environmental conditions to which our genes are exposed. The primary objective of the cross-sectional analysis was to find the association between prakriti and self-perception of premature ageing. Methodology: For the present study, a total of 100 participants, who were found positive for self-perception of pre-mature ageing and were fulfilling the other inclusion criteria, were eligible. The analysis of self-perception of pre-mature ageing was done by using The Brief Ageing Perception Questionnaire (B-APQ). The assessment of prakriti was done with a validated Prakriti Analysis Pro forma prepared by the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), New Delhi, India. Result: The prevalence of self-perception of pre-mature ageing was maximum among vata prakriti (58, 58%) and minimum in kapha prakriti (18, 18%). A significant association of male and female participants was found with three questions of B-APQ by applying Fisher Exact test. No significant association was found between the group of vata, pitta and kapha dominant prakriti with individual B-APQ on applying independent-samples Kruskal-Wallis test. As per descriptive analysis, vata prakriti individuals were more vulnerable to the self-perception of premature ageing as per B-APQ while kapha prakriti was the least. The distribution of individual B-APQ was the same across all categories of prakriti.