Australia is used as one of the countries that overshadow the Australian continent. Civilization from the Australian continent itself emerged with the initial presence of the British arrival to Australia in the form of decolonization. This is what causes cultural acculturation to experience continuity in it. However, the main issue is whether there is a return to the original culture that is maintained by the Aboriginal Tribes as the original tribes that inhabit the Australian continent to be passed on to their generations. Apparently, the original culture is contained in a wind instrument called the Didgeridoo. Didgeridoo is used as a musical instrument that has a conservative role in relaxation for its listeners. In fact, this wind instrument has also been declared the oldest musical instrument from Australia which has a long estimate of the beginning of its civilization. This is what makes it a point in historical value with outstanding usefulness values ​​in the use of Didgeridoo which is associated with the past to the modernized era in order to preserve the musical instrument by holding an exhibition in it to introduce and show how to play it for many people which listening it.

The people of West Kalimantan make nature a buffer for the economy. The Gado Dayak community is one of the people who make nature be it forests, rivers, and fields as the fulfillment of life. Friendly nature management needs to be passed on to the younger generation through environmental-based history learning. This study aims to determine (1) the history of the Daya Gado Community in Landak Regency (2) Culture of the Gado Dayak Community (3) The historical potential of the Gado Dayak as a source of environmental-based history learning. The research method used is historical research which includes heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results of the study explain that the history of the Dayak Gado community cannot be separated from the process of community migration due to natural disasters which finally made the Dayak Gado community separated into 3 Ketemenggungan. The shift of the Gado people from their initial place of refuge due to natural disasters made them separated but they still maintain the traditions of their ancestral heritage in the form of farming, hunting and finally the arrival of missionaries. The Capuchins who teach rubber plantations and the Chinese who teach the clearing of rice fields have changed the culture of cultivators to farmers to meet the rice needs of gold miners in the Monterado and Mandor areas. The history of the Gado Dayak community can be used as environmental-based history learning. The life of the Gado Dayak community can be used as a learning resource that is developed in junior high school through social studies subjects and high school through history subjects. The application of integrated learning models, such as in social studies subjects, can increase students' knowledge of environmental conditions so that they can be ready if something unexpected happens, such as a natural disaster.

This study raises about the social criticism contained in the short story Orang Gila Yang Bijak dan Merdeka by Jefta H. Atapeni. The problem raised in this study is social criticism and the form of delivery of social criticism in the short story of Orang Gila Yang Bijak dan Merdeka by Jefta H. Atapeni. This study aims to describe social criticism and the form of delivery of social criticism in the short story Orang Gila Yang Bijak dan Merdeka by Jefta H. Atapeni. This study uses Antonio Gramsci's theory of Domination and Hegemony. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research method. The source of the data in this research is the short story of Orang Gila Yang Bijak dan Merdeka by Jefta H. Atapeni. The results of this study are: 1) The most dominant social criticism discussed is socio-economic criticism, while the dominant form of criticism that appears is a symbolic and simple form of criticism. 2) Social criticism includes, social criticism of political, economic, cultural, religious, morality, gender, power, and government issues. 3) The forms of delivery of criticism include direct criticism, namely in a straightforward manner, indirect forms, namely, symbolically, subtly, and cynically. The results of this study are expected to be useful for broadening the horizons of appreciation of literary readers for social criticism in literary works in the form of short stories and its application with Antonio Gramsci's theory of Domination and Hegemony. The results of this study are also expected to be used as reference material and as a reference or comparison material for literary researchers in the future.

The war that brought together the hero Nahak Maroe Rai and Dutch troops in South Belu in 1900-1906 was an effort to protect the territory of the Wewiku Kingdom from Dutch rule. The purposes of this study are to describe (1) the background of the Hero Nahak Maroe Rai in the War against the Dutch in Belu God 1900-1906; (2) The Process of the War Between the Heroes of Nahak Maroe Rai against the Dutch in Belu God 1900-1906. This study uses the historical method which includes four stages, namely heuristics, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. The results of the study revealed (1) that the background of the hero Nahak Maroe Rai led all the people of the South Wewikudi Belu Kingdom, Malacca Regency because the Dutch wanted to control the Wewiku Kingdom area; and (2) the war between the people of the Wewiku Kingdom under the leadership of Meo (hero) Nahak Maroe Rai against the Dutch troops occurred three times, namely the first resistance occurred in 1900, then the second battle occurred in 1903. In the first and second battles, The Dutch were successfully repulsed by Nahak Maroe Rai and his troops. For this reason, Nahak Maroe Rai is called by the people of the Wewiku Kingdom as a Meo (hero). In the third battle, in 1906, Nahak Maroe Rai died as a result of being hit by gunfire from Dutch troops; (3) the natural strength of the traditional house owned by Nahak Maroe Rai and the Wewiku people became a factor in the defeat of the Dutch troops.

The purpose of this study is to examine or reveal about the symbols and meanings of the symbols contained in the healing spell. The theory used in this research is the semiotic theory of the signifier and the signified and the symbol theory which analyzes the object representing a symbol. The method used is descriptive qualitative method, namely interviews with five informants as resource persons for spells which are solely to describe empirical facts or language phenomena that exist in life. The results of this study indicate that the symbols contained in the healing mantra are Tuan Putri seven, one hundred and ninety, kantan and reed, twigs, bidara leaves, iron chests, light of Allah, light of Muhammad, Hati tik Hati, points of heavy rain falling, rising and falling. laughter, betel nut, I'm elephant Ali's eyes stretched a few bones. etc.

This study aims to determine the educational history, career in the political world of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the factors that caused the separation of the State of Pakistan and the State of India and the struggle of Muhammad Ali Jinnah in the formation of the State of Pakistan. The type of research used is library research. With a qualitative research method that is descriptive analytic. Library research is research whose data collection is carried out by collecting data from various literatures related to the history of education, career in politics and the struggle of Muhammad Ali Jinnah in the formation of the Pakistani state. The data that has been obtained is then analyzed using a historical approach. The results of this study can illustrate that Muhammad Ali Jinnah attended junior high school at one of the Islamic madrasas, namelyat Sind Madrasatul Islam. At the age of 15, Jinnah continued her high school at the Christian missionary school (mission high school) in Karachi, after graduating from high school, she continued her studies at the University of Mumbai and majored in Law. In 1913 Ali Jinnah joined the Muslim League, In his political development Ali Jinnah served as president of the Muslim League . The factors that led to the formation of the Pakistani state were religious and cultural factors, economic factors, educational factors and political factors of Ali Jinnah's struggle or efforts in the formation of the Pakistani state. One of his efforts was to carry out negotiations known as the Lucknow pact agreement in 1916.

Within the scope of urban history there are 4 periods, namely prehistoric, traditional, colonial, and modern. One of the cities that has historical heritage, either in the form of buildings or building structures is Depok City. Depok during the colonial period was an area of ​​Gementee Bestuur which was given the freedom to manage its own territory. Therefore, in Depok City there are many relics of the colonial period identified as cultural heritage, but not all Depok people know that Depok has a long history of cultural heritage in its area. Meanwhile, the objectives of this study are (1) to identify the cultural heritage in Depok City; and (2) to analyze efforts to build public historical awareness through the identification of cultural heritage in Depok City. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The results of this study found that there are 21 cultural heritages in Depok City. To raise awareness of history in the Depok community through the identification of cultural heritage, it can be done by (1) incorporating the introduction of the cultural heritage of the City of Depok into the local content; (2) conduct socialization on various cultural heritages in Depok City; (3) make routine 'Depok Heritage Festival' activities; and (4) inserting a list of identified cultural heritages into the depok.go.id website.

The problem in this study is how the process of implementing the Are Po'o ritual, and what values ​​are contained in the Are Po'o ritual, with the aim of the study being to know the process of carrying out the Are Po'o ritual, and the value contained in the Are Po'o ritual. . the method used in this study is a qualitative research method, and is descriptive. While the data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation and documentation. The results of the study show that the process of implementing the Are Po'o ritual goes through several stages including; Bou Mosalaki, Mendi Moke seboti, Are Sewati, and Manu Seeko, Rore Manu, Bring offerings to all three places (Pu'u Kaju Koja, Watu Pere Dhora, Tubu Dhora), Weka Wunu Muku, Ko'o Kengo Fill One Po'o, Phale Leka Nua, Mula Are. While the values ​​contained in the Are Po'o ritual include religious values, mutual cooperation values, and friendship values.

Abstract
 This study examines the education system of the People's Republic of China during the reign of Mao Tse Tung in the period 1949-1959. The introduction contains about Education, Mao Tse Tung's profile, and the People's Republic of China. The method used to support this research is the literature study method with an interpretation approach. The results and discussion found that the PRC government under Mao's control was centralized to the political and economic fields with the aim of making China a developed country like western countries.

Seaweed farming is one of the community's economic drivers in Lembongan Village, Klungkung Regency, Bali. In accordance with their individual regions or areas of production, these seaweed farmers are grouped into a number of groups. The conventional system is still used for managing seaweed cultivation. Tarpaulins are used by farmers to dry seaweed along highways or in open spaces. As a result, dust, sand, and other contaminants are present in seaweed. Because a tarp is all that is used to dry the seaweed, the procedure takes a while. Because it falls short of the requirements that collectors and purchasers need, seaweed has a poor selling price. Observation, interviews, document collecting, training, and mentorship for seaweed growers were used to study and assess this issue. Three topics related to seaweed farming are covered in this article: First, seaweed cultivation is still managed in a traditional manner. Second, a drying table, ultraviolet plastic, and green house technology must be used to dry seaweed. The quality and selling price of seaweed can be raised by good management and the application of technology during the drying process. Third, growing and drying this seaweed can be one of Lembongan Village's educational tourism (edutourism) attractions. This tourism location can draw more visitors from both local and international markets, boosting the economic benefits of seaweed farming. As a result, people are becoming more conscious of the need to protect the environment and are informed about the health and other benefits of seaweed.