Objectives: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder usually characterized by hyperglycemia. Adipose tissue secretes bioactive substances known as adipocytokines including Leptin, TNF- and Adiponectin. These are regarded as a bridge connecting obesity and insulin resistance. There is a considerable epidemiological evidence to suggest a role of vitamin D deficiency in etiology of T2DM. The study was performed to evaluate and compare serum 25(OH) D and adipocytokine levels in T2DM patients and healthy controls of Kashmiri population. Methods: A total of 200 T2DM patients and normal 200 healthy controls were taken. ELISA was used to measure serum Leptin and TNF- levels. The 25(OH) D levels were measured by CMIA method. Biochemical parameters were measured by enzymatic method. Results: Our results concluded that basic metabolic parameters and adipokine levels (TNF- and Leptin) were found to be significantly higher in cases than controls (p=0.001). The serum 25(OH) D levels were found to be significantly lower among T2DM patients (p=0.001). No correlation of 25(OH) D with Leptin (r=-0.071; p=0.486) and TNF- (r=0.103; p=0.309) was found in cases and controls (r=0.023; p=0.819; r=-0.093; p=0.347). However, a positive correlation between Leptin and TNF- (r= 0.387; p=0.001) was found in T2DM subjects as well as in controls (r=0.556; p=0.001) with significance being higher in females (r=0.500; p=0.001) as compared to males (r=0.298; p=0.036) in T2DM subjects as well as in controls (r=0.659; p=0.001; r=0.621; p=001). These results concluded that lowering of 25(OH)D levels and upregulation of Leptin and TNF- altogether play an important role in the development of T2DM and from correlation analysis it could be predicted that Leptin and TNF- act in a synergistic manner towards the development of T2DM.
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